Influence of the dance in the autoconcepto of the alumnado of primary education: comparative analysis with other physical activities

[Resumen] Este trabajo de investigación pretende analizar la relación que existe entre el autoconcepto y la danza en el alumnado de Educación Primaria. Se han querido relacionar estas dos cuestiones debido a la importancia que tienen, por una parte, el autoconcepto en la identidad del sujeto y por otra parte, la realización de actividad física, concretamente la danza. Para llevarlo a cabo, se ha evaluado una muestra de 74 niños/as, de edades comprendidas entre los 7 y los 12 años, pertenecientes a un colegio (n=45) y dos escuelas de danza de Vigo (n=29). El instrumento de medida que se ha utilizado es la Escala de Autoconcepto (Piers Harris), que valora tanto el autoconcepto global, como sus diferentes dimensiones. La finalidad de esta investigación es observar si existe relación entre el autoconcepto y la danza y cuáles son las dimensiones en las que ésta obtiene mayores puntuaciones, comparar con la realización de otras actividades físicas. Tras analizar los resultados obtenidos, hemos comprobado que la danza no mejora el autoconcepto global por encima de otras actividades físicas, sin embargo, cabe destacar que se observa una dimensión del autoconcepto que sí se ve favorecida por la práctica de la danza, concretamente, la felicidad-satisfacción, en la cual se valora la autoestima del sujeto.[Abstract] This research work pretends to analyse the relationship between the self-concept and the dance in the students of Primary Education. We wanted to relate these both questions because of its importance, on the one hand, the self-concept in the identity of the individual and, on the other hand, doing physical activity, specifically, dance, in the young people. To carry out this research, we have evaluated a sample of 74 children between 7 and 12 years from one school (n=45) and two dance schools in Vigo (n=29). We use the Self-Concept Questionnaire (Piers Harris), which values the global self-concept and the dimensions of the self-concept. The purpose of this research is to check if there is some kind of relationship between the self-concept and dance, and to know what dimensions of the self-concept get more score in dance than in other physical activities. We have analysed the results and verified that dance does not improve the global self-concept more than other physical activities; nevertheless, it is remarkable that there is a dimension of self-concept that gets high score in connection with practicing dance, specifically, the happiness-satisfaction, which values the self-esteem of the individual

Reliability and Mechanical Properties of Materials Recycled from Multilayer Flexible Packages

Present work proposes a recycling form of multilayer food packages to avoid their incineration, landfill of wastes or re-using of their individual components. The manufacturing process of the material consists of binding several sheets by the non-simultaneous application of temperature and pressure, these being bound by the fusion of the polyethylene, without any other adhesives. The influence of elected variables (temperature, pressure, time and number of sheets) on the mechanical properties is determined. Bending tests in three points were carried out, with the purpose of obtaining flexural strength and flexural modulus. Finally, the reliability was determined through the method of Weibull using different failure estimators for the most appropriate materials (relative to flexural strength and porosity values). Light microscopy to obtain information about defectology before and after tests was used. The results obtained by this type of material are very similar to those presented by wood-based materials and present good reliability from the strength point of view

Descripción y análisis del conocimiento profesional de la entrenadora de gimnasia rítmica en Galicia

[Resumen] La tesis doctoral tiene por objeto de la descripción y análisis del conocimiento profesional de la entrenadora de gimnasia rítmica deportiva en la realidad gallega. Se trata de un estudio que combina dos metodologías: descriptiva y estudio de casos, para analizar el conocimiento profesional desde el punto de vista de la experiencia práctica. El proceso de desarrollo deportivo exige que se disponga de información detallada y rigurosa sobre los recursos humanos que en el intervienen con especial relevancia para el entrenador. Aunque en el ámbito educativo este es un tema en auge, en el contexto deportivo es todavia incipiente. Es escasa la información existente sobre quienes son, como piensan, que conocimientos tienen y como lo desarrollan, los responsables de los procesos de enseñanza en el entrenamiento de la gimnasia rítmica deportiva. Esta falta de infomación, no permite tomar decisiones estratégicas de cara a la formación inicial y permanente de estos profesionales. A través de la descripción y análisis del conocimiento profesional podremos conocer lo que las entrenadoras de gimnasia rítmica deportiva consideran importante para desarrollar su labor del mejor modo posible: este pensamiento será contrastado, con la observación de sus intervenciones en la práctica, lo que generará información a cerca de qué y cómo ha de ser la formación de las futuras entrenadoras. Los objetivos de este trabajo son: - Identificar los diferents perfiles profesionales de las entrenadoras de gimnasia rítmica deportiva en la comunidad gallega, su estatus profesional, características de su puesto de trabajo, tipo de formación inicial y permanente. - Comprender y profundizar en el conocimiento profesional de la entrenadora de gimnasia rítmica. - Determinar los factores esenciales que contribuyen a la construcción del conocimiento profesional de la entrenadora de gimnasia rítmica deportiva. - Identificar las necesidades de formación inicial y permanent

Sobrepeso en escolares y asociación con la práctica de actividad física y hábitos parentales

[Abstract]: Excess weight in childhood and adolescence is an important health problem that tends to persist in adulthood. Among the causes of this increase there appears to be a consensus on emphasizing physical activity as an excellent strategy to achieve better weight control, and on considering some models of parental practices essential for the acquisition of healthy habits in young people.[Resumo]: O excesso de peso na infância e adolescência constitui-se em um importante problema de saúde que tende a persistir na idade adulta. Entre as causas desse aumento parece existir consenso em destacar a prática de atividade física como uma excelente estratégia para conseguir melhor controle do peso e em considerar alguns modelos de práticas parentais fundamentais para a aquisição de hábitos saudáveis nos jovens[Resumen]: El exceso de peso en la infancia y la adolescencia se constituye en un importante problema de salud que tiende a persistir en la edad adulta. Entre las causas de ese aumento parece existir consenso en destacar la práctica de actividad física como una excelente estrategia para conseguir mejor control del peso y en considerar algunos modelos de prácticas parentales fundamentales para la adquisición de hábitos saludables en los jóvenes

Masculine, feminine and neutral sports: Extracurricular sport modalities in practice

The present work constitutes a novel approach to extracurricular sport modalities. The aim was to analyze the participation model and to determine the relevance of sex in this context. Data from 616 students, aged 15 to 17, were collected. The questionnaire on sport lifestyle from a gender perspective (Alvariñas-Villaverde et al., 2009) was used for assessment. The results showed that sport choice corresponds to sports traditionally associated with men or women. Nevertheless, these coexist with other neutral sports. Girls’ practice was more diverse, while boys’ profile was more resistant to changing classic patterns. Specific strategies are needed to make boys become more interested in typically female activities

Longitudinal study of individual exercises in elite rhythmic gymnastics

[Abstract] The performance evolution in rhythmic gymnastics depends on changes in code of points. At the beginning of each Olympic cycle the code of points changes and therefore, the content of the competition exercises, as well. This study aimed to analyze – for each apparatus – the evolution of number of technical elements and final score over the last two decades (last 13 world championships), how they have been affected by changed code of points, and how the final score relates to the number of technical elements performed. The sample consisted of 416 exercises in five apparatus: ball (96), rope (40), hoop (96), ribbon (88), and clubs (96). The following variables were gathered: code of points, apparatus, technical group, total number of elements, final classification, and final score. Linear mixed-effects models were used to examine the effects on the number of elements and final score in each apparatus. The number of technical elements increased in all apparatus, between 7.4 and 20% over a 10-year period. There were mixed evolutions of final score between the different apparatus, between 6.3 and 14% over a 10-year period. There is small increase in number of elements in hoop and a small decrease in rope after a code change. There was a small decrease in final score in championships after a code change in hoop, moderate in clubs and ribbon, and large in rope. There was a negative relationship between number of elements performed and final score in clubs. In conclusion, the code change generally effects the final score negatively, but there were apparatus specific effects of code change on number of elements and relationship between number of elements and final score

Parental assessment of physical education in the school curriculum: A brief report on the influence of past experiences as students

The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between parents’ past experience as Physical Education (PE) students and the importance they give to PE within the school curriculum. Parents of 1834 teenagers from Spain and Portugal participated in the study (1834 fathers and 1834 mothers). An 11 item questionnaire was used for data collection. The measures studied were: socio-demographic characteristics, parent´s past experience as PE students, and importance that parents gave to PE in the school curriculum. The results suggest that parents’ past experiences as PE student condition their evaluation of the importance that PE should have in the school curriculum. As the past experience as PE student deteriorated and as age increased, there was an increase in the probability that parents evaluate PE as deserving a less important status in their children’s curriculum. These findings can contribute to understanding how the parents’ past experiences as PE students seem to partially model the value judgements that they make later in life regarding the importance of the subject. IntroductionThe present study was supported by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain with the project: "Diseño y desarrollo de un software para el análisis del rendimiento en fútbol" (DEP2016-75785-R)S

Relación entre la actividad física de los adolescentes y la de madres/padres

Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la relación entre la AF de los padres y madres con la de sus hijas e hijos. Participaron en el estudio 1604 adolescentes (807 portugueses, 797 españoles). Para la recogida de datos sobre práctica de AF se utilizó un cuestionario para los adolescentes y otro para los padres y madres. El efecto de la AF de las madres y de los padres sobre la AF de sus hijas e hijos fue evaluado a través de regresión logística multinomial. Los adolescentes con progenitores físicamente activos practicaban semanalmente más veces AF no organizada (59.4% vs. 37.9%, p<0.001), organizada (39.6% vs. 22.7%, p<0.001) y durante más tiempo (24.8% vs. 17.0%, p=0.010) que los que tenían madre y padre poco activos. Los adolescentes con madres activas y padres poco activos (OR=1.8, 95% IC: 1.3-2.7, p=0.002), y los que tenían ambos activos (OR=2.1, 95% IC: 1.4-3.2, p<0.001) tenían mayor probabilidad de practicar AF no organizada. Tener el padre activo y la madre poco activa (OR=1.6, 95% IC: 1.1-2.1, p=0.024) y tener ambos activos (OR=1.6, 95% IC: 1.1-2.3, p=0.017) estaba asociado a una mayor probabilidad de práctica de AF organizada. El presente estudio demostró la existencia de una relación entre la AF de padres y madres con la AF de sus hijos e hijas.This study aimed to examine the relationship between the physical activity (PA) levels of parents and that showed by their children. A sample comprised of 1604 adolescents (807 Portuguese, 797 Spanish)participated in this study. For PA data collection it was used a questionnaire for parents and another one for their children. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between the PA levels of parents and that showed by their children. Adolescents with active parents practiced more often non-organized PA (59.4% vs. 37.9%, p<0.001), organized PA (39.6% vs. 22.7%, p<0.001) on a weekly basis, and during more time (24.8% vs. 17.0%, p=0.010) than those who had a mother and father less actives. Adolescents with active mothers and less active fathers (OR=1.8, 95% IC: 1.3-2.7, p=0.002), and those who had both active parents (OR=2.1, 95% IC: 1.4-3.2, p<0.001) were more likely to practice non-organized PA. To have active father and less active mother (OR=1.6, 95% IC: 1.1-2.1, p=0.024), and have both active parents (OR=1.6, 95% IC: 1.1- 2.3, p=0.017) were associated with a greater likelihood of practice of organized AF. These results highlight the relationship between parents PA participation and their children PA participation.Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a relação entre os níveis de atividade física (AF) dos pais e os mostrados pelos respetivos filhos. Participaram no estudo 1604 adolescentes (807 portugueses, 797 espanhóis). Para a recolha de dados referente à AF recorreu-se à aplicação de um questionário para os pais e outro para os filhos. Foi utilizada uma regressão múltipla logística para averiguar a relação entre os níveis de AF dos pais e os mostrados pelos filhos. Adolescentes com pais ativos praticaram AF não organizada mais frequentemente (59,4% vs. 37,9%, p <0,001), AF organizada (39,6% vs. 22,7%, p <0,001) semanalmente e durante mais tempo (24,8% Versus 17,0%, p = 0,010) do que aqueles que tinham uma mãe e pai menos ativos. Adolescentes com mães ativas e pais menos ativos (OR = 1,8, IC 95%: 1,3-2,7, p = 0,002), e aqueles que tiveram ambos os pais ativos (OR = 2,1, IC 95%: 1,4-3,2, p <0,001) eram mais propensos a praticar AF não organizada. Aqueles que tinham pai ativo e mãe menos ativa (OR = 1,6, IC 95%: 1,1-2,1, p = 0,024), e ambos os pais ativos (OR = 1,6, IC 95%: 1,1-2,3, p = 0,017) foram associados a uma maior probabilidade de prática de AF organizada. Esses resultados destacam a relação entre a participação em AF dos pais e a participação de seus filhos em AF

Educación Física y diversidad: una cuestión de género

Several researches and different international institutions recognize the fundamental role that Physical Education can play in promoting an active and healthy lifestyle, as well as fostering a positive attitude towards the practice of physical-sports activity. Research shows that the rate of sedentarism in the child and adolescent population is high and worrisome, issues that are more accentuated in the case of girls and female adolescents. If a quality physical education is to respond specifically to the needs of each and every person who receives it, taking into account the above evidence, an analysis of gender, physical education and its influence is needed on this part of the population, given that it seems to have neither the same meaning nor the same influence as in the case of boys and male adolescents.Varias investigaciones y diferentes instituciones internacionales reconocen el papel fundamental que la Educación Física puede desarrollar en la promoción de un estilo de vida activo y saludable, así como el favorecer una actitud positiva hacia la práctica de actividad físico-deportiva. La investigación evidencia que el índice de sedentarismo en la población infantil y adolescente es elevado y preocupante, cuestiones que se acentúan más en el caso de las niñas y de las adolescentes. Si una Educación Física de calidad debe responder de manera específica a las necesidades de todas y cada una de las personas que la reciben, teniendo en cuenta las evidencias anteriores, se hace necesario un análisis en torno al género, la Educación Física y su influencia en esta parte de la población, dado que parece no tener ni el mismo significado ni la misma influencia que en el caso de los niños y de los adolescentes