Group Affect Prediction Using Multimodal Distributions

We describe our approach towards building an efficient predictive model to detect emotions for a group of people in an image. We have proposed that training a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model on the emotion heatmaps extracted from the image, outperforms a CNN model trained entirely on the raw images. The comparison of the models have been done on a recently published dataset of Emotion Recognition in the Wild (EmotiW) challenge, 2017. The proposed method achieved validation accuracy of 55.23% which is 2.44% above the baseline accuracy, provided by the EmotiW organizers.Comment: This research paper has been accepted at Workshop on Computer Vision for Active and Assisted Living, WACV 201

Workshop on Beauty and Explanation in Mathematics

On March 10-12, 2014, Umeå University in Sweden will host a workshop on mathematical beauty and explanation. The goal of this workshop is explore the question of whether beauty and explanation are related in mathematics. The workshop will bring together top researchers from fields such as mathematics, philosophy, and mathematics education for which this topic is relevant. Many of these researchers have till now worked within their own discipline boundaries on related topics, but have not met or worked with each other. We hope the workshop not only develops the programs of these established researchers, but also sparks interest in young researchers and encourages others to contribute to this specific question, or other related questions about the nature of mathematics. Registration is currently open, and will remain so until the capacity, of around 30 participants, is filled

An Augmented Lagrangian Approach to the Constrained Optimization Formulation of Imaging Inverse Problems

We propose a new fast algorithm for solving one of the standard approaches to ill-posed linear inverse problems (IPLIP), where a (possibly non-smooth) regularizer is minimized under the constraint that the solution explains the observations sufficiently well. Although the regularizer and constraint are usually convex, several particular features of these problems (huge dimensionality, non-smoothness) preclude the use of off-the-shelf optimization tools and have stimulated a considerable amount of research. In this paper, we propose a new efficient algorithm to handle one class of constrained problems (often known as basis pursuit denoising) tailored to image recovery applications. The proposed algorithm, which belongs to the family of augmented Lagrangian methods, can be used to deal with a variety of imaging IPLIP, including deconvolution and reconstruction from compressive observations (such as MRI), using either total-variation or wavelet-based (or, more generally, frame-based) regularization. The proposed algorithm is an instance of the so-called "alternating direction method of multipliers", for which convergence sufficient conditions are known; we show that these conditions are satisfied by the proposed algorithm. Experiments on a set of image restoration and reconstruction benchmark problems show that the proposed algorithm is a strong contender for the state-of-the-art.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figure, 8 tables. Submitted to the IEEE Transactions on Image Processin

Fast Image Recovery Using Variable Splitting and Constrained Optimization

We propose a new fast algorithm for solving one of the standard formulations of image restoration and reconstruction which consists of an unconstrained optimization problem where the objective includes an $\ell_2$ data-fidelity term and a non-smooth regularizer. This formulation allows both wavelet-based (with orthogonal or frame-based representations) regularization or total-variation regularization. Our approach is based on a variable splitting to obtain an equivalent constrained optimization formulation, which is then addressed with an augmented Lagrangian method. The proposed algorithm is an instance of the so-called "alternating direction method of multipliers", for which convergence has been proved. Experiments on a set of image restoration and reconstruction benchmark problems show that the proposed algorithm is faster than the current state of the art methods.Comment: Submitted; 11 pages, 7 figures, 6 table

La teoría APOE y su aplicación en la traducción de enunciados del lenguaje natural al lenguaje de la lógica de primer orden

Este trabajo es de carácter empírico-teórico y en él se describirán algunas de las dificultades observadas en estudiantes de Informática y Sistemas Computacionales, cuando intentan usar el lenguaje de la Lógica de primer orden (LPO) para representar enunciados del lenguaje natural (común), en un primer curso de Lógica. Las dificultades que se observaron, en la población de estudiantes a los que se les aplicó un cuestionario piloto, se relacionan con: enunciados cuantificados, sobre todo aquellos que contienen doble cuantificador; enunciados cuantificados con una implicación material y enunciados donde hay alguna negación. Se utiliza la teoría APOE para explicar el proceso de traducción indicado. Se proponen tres etapas para la traducción de enunciados del lenguaje natural al lenguaje de la LPO y se describen las estructuras mentales que se deberían desarrollar para tener un mayor éxito en dicha traducción (o formalización). En este trabajo se describe una descomposición genética para una de las etapas propuestas

Cousin’s Lemma

We formalize, in two different ways, that “the n-dimensional Euclidean metric space is a complete metric space” (version 1. with the results obtained in [13], [26], [25] and version 2., the results obtained in [13], [14], (registrations) [24]).With the Cantor’s theorem - in complete metric space (proof by Karol Pąk in [22]), we formalize “The Nested Intervals Theorem in 1-dimensional Euclidean metric space”.Pierre Cousin’s proof in 1892 [18] the lemma, published in 1895 [9] states that: “Soit, sur le plan YOX, une aire connexe S limitée par un contour fermé simple ou complexe; on suppose qu’à chaque point de S ou de son périmètre correspond un cercle, de rayon non nul, ayant ce point pour centre : il est alors toujours possible de subdiviser S en régions, en nombre fini et assez petites pour que chacune d’elles soit complétement intérieure au cercle correspondant à un point convenablement choisi dans S ou sur son périmètre.” (In the plane YOX let S be a connected area bounded by a closed contour, simple or complex; one supposes that at each point of S or its perimeter there is a circle, of non-zero radius, having this point as its centre; it is then always possible to subdivide S into regions, finite in number and sufficiently small for each one of them to be entirely inside a circle corresponding to a suitably chosen point in S or on its perimeter) [23].Cousin’s Lemma, used in Henstock and Kurzweil integral [29] (generalized Riemann integral), state that: “for any gauge δ, there exists at least one δ-fine tagged partition”. In the last section, we formalize this theorem. We use the suggestions given to the Cousin’s Theorem p.11 in [5] and with notations: [4], [29], [19], [28] and [12].Coghetto Roland - Rue de la Brasserie 5, 7100 La Louvière, BelgiumGrzegorz Bancerek. König’s theorem. Formalized Mathematics, 1(3):589–593, 1990.Grzegorz Bancerek. The fundamental properties of natural numbers. Formalized Mathematics, 1(1):41–46, 1990.Grzegorz Bancerek and Krzysztof Hryniewiecki. Segments of natural numbers and finite sequences. Formalized Mathematics, 1(1):107–114, 1990.Robert G. Bartle. Return to the Riemann integral. American Mathematical Monthly, pages 625–632, 1996.Robert G. Bartle. A modern theory of integration, volume 32. American Mathematical Society Providence, 2001.Czesław Byliński. Finite sequences and tuples of elements of a non-empty sets. Formalized Mathematics, 1(3):529–536, 1990.Czesław Byliński. Some properties of restrictions of finite sequences. Formalized Mathematics, 5(2):241–245, 1996.Czesław Byliński. Functions and their basic properties. Formalized Mathematics, 1(1): 55–65, 1990.Pierre Cousin. Sur les fonctions de n variables complexes. Acta Mathematica, 19(1):1–61, 1895. doi:10.1007/BF02402869.Agata Darmochwał. The Euclidean space. Formalized Mathematics, 2(4):599–603, 1991.Agata Darmochwał and Yatsuka Nakamura. Metric spaces as topological spaces – fundamental concepts. Formalized Mathematics, 2(4):605–608, 1991.Noboru Endou and Artur Korniłowicz. The definition of the Riemann definite integral and some related lemmas. Formalized Mathematics, 8(1):93–102, 1999.Noboru Endou and Yasunari Shidama. Completeness of the real Euclidean space. Formalized Mathematics, 13(4):577–580, 2005.Noboru Endou, Yasunari Shidama, and Katsumasa Okamura. Baire’s category theorem and some spaces generated from real normed space. Formalized Mathematics, 14(4): 213–219, 2006. doi:10.2478/v10037-006-0024-x.Adam Grabowski and Yatsuka Nakamura. Some properties of real maps. Formalized Mathematics, 6(4):455–459, 1997.Artur Korniłowicz. Properties of connected subsets of the real line. Formalized Mathematics, 13(2):315–323, 2005.Rafał Kwiatek. Factorial and Newton coefficients. Formalized Mathematics, 1(5):887–890, 1990.Bernard Maurey and Jean-Pierre Tacchi. La genèse du théorème de recouvrement de Borel. Revue d’histoire des mathématiques, 11(2):163–204, 2005.Jean Mawhin. L’éternel retour des sommes de Riemann-Stieltjes dans l’évolution du calcul intégral. Bulletin de la Société Royale des Sciences de Liège, 70(4–6):345–364, 2001.Yatsuka Nakamura and Andrzej Trybulec. A decomposition of a simple closed curves and the order of their points. Formalized Mathematics, 6(4):563–572, 1997.Robin Nittka. Conway’s games and some of their basic properties. Formalized Mathematics, 19(2):73–81, 2011. doi:10.2478/v10037-011-0013-6.Karol Pąk. Complete spaces. Formalized Mathematics, 16(1):35–43, 2008. doi:10.2478/v10037-008-0006-2.Manya Raman-Sundström. A pedagogical history of compactness. The American Mathematical Monthly, 122(7):619–635, 2015.Hideki Sakurai, Hisayoshi Kunimune, and Yasunari Shidama. Uniform boundedness principle. Formalized Mathematics, 16(1):19–21, 2008. doi:10.2478/v10037-008-0003-5.Yasunari Shidama. Banach space of bounded linear operators. Formalized Mathematics, 12(1):39–48, 2004.Yasumasa Suzuki, Noboru Endou, and Yasunari Shidama. Banach space of absolute summable real sequences. Formalized Mathematics, 11(4):377–380, 2003.Wojciech A. Trybulec. Non-contiguous substrings and one-to-one finite sequences. Formalized Mathematics, 1(3):569–573, 1990.Lee Peng Yee. The integral à la Henstock. Scientiae Mathematicae Japonicae, 67(1): 13–21, 2008.Lee Peng Yee and Rudolf Vyborny. Integral: an easy approach after Kurzweil and Henstock, volume 14. Cambridge University Press, 2000

The Nature and Experience of Mathematical Beauty

Karriärbidra

Study of a Coke Can as a rocket structure and its flutter effects

This final bachelor work (TFC) is a study of a Coke Can properties to be reused in a rocket as a structure. The work is focused in the possible flutter effects that this structure could present. There are two main blocks to achieve: First block is a good proposed structure model. Second block is a good internal rocket flow model. For this reason, two students are required. First block studies the Coke Can behaviour in terms of weak structural points (Crack propagation, flanges, bulkhead). Some pressure test will be done. Because this structure will have a very high thermal load, the steel material study is required. In addition, the solid propellant (APCP or Candy) inside the rocket structure should be taken into account. Second block studies the flow inside the combustion chamber in order to find weak points, the pressure field, the temperature field and speed field. Also it is required to know the flow behaviour in the nozzle. Some SolidWorks simulations in terms of Computed Fluid Dynamics (CFD) should be done. In addition, structural elastic studies will provide the oscillation modes. It is necessary to know if the flow will generate resonant frequencies that are in the range of the structural oscillation modes.Aquest treball final de carrera (TFC) és un estudi de les propietats d'una llauna de refresc per ser reutilitzada com estructura per a un coet. El treball se centra en els possibles efectes de fluctuació que aquesta estructura podria presentar. Es compon de dos grans blocs: El primer bloc és un bon model de l'estructura proposada. El segon bloc és un bon model intern del flux en el coet. Per aquesta raó, es requereixen dos estudiants. El primer bloc estudia una llauna de Coca Cola tipu s i el seu comportament quant a punts febles estructurals (Propagació d'esq uerdes, brides i tancament). Es realitzen algunes proves de pressió. A causa de que aquesta estructura tindrà una càrrega tèrmica molt alta, es realitza un estudi del material, que és acer. A més es té en compte el com bustible sòlid (APCP o Candy) que porti dins de l'estructura del coet. El segon estudi estudia el flux a l'interior de la cambra de combustió a fi de trobar punts febles, camp de pressions, camps de te mperatures i el camp de velocitats. També s'estudia el comportament del flu x en la gola. Es realitzen algunes simulacions de SolidWorks calculades en ter mes de dinàmica de fluids (CFD). A més, s'estudia el comportament elàs tic de l'estructura i els modes d'oscil·lació. Finalment s'esbrina si el flux generarà freqüències de ressonància que es trobin en el rang dels modes d'o scil·lació estructurals

Evaluación de los costos de cumplimiento tributaríos en los pequeños contribuyentes domiciliados en la provincia de los ríos, correspondientes al sector comercial de los cantones: Babahoyo, Quevedo y ventanas

Este documento contiene información y análisis sobre costos de cumplimiento tributario que los pequeños contribuyentes, propietarios de pequeños negocios, quienes desarrollan actividades comerciales tienen en la provincia de Los Ríos. El análisis incluye: identificación y promedios de costos del cumplimiento tributario, aquí definidos como costos directos e indirectos, basados en los tres principales cantones de la zona: Babahoyo, Quevedo y Ventanas. También, se presenta las posibles razones de falta de registro legal en el SRI. A través de los diferentes capítulos, se explica bases de los principios legales, visión internacional y global de las tendencias contemporáneas de administración tributaria, y resultados estadísticos que prueban la importancia de los pequeños contribuyentes en una economía. Finalmente, concluye que la cercanía de la oficina fiscal influye generación de costo influye en la presión fiscal

The Brahmaputra tale of tectonics and erosion:early Miocene river capture in the Eastern Himalaya

The Himalayan orogen provides a type example on which a number of models of the causes and consequences of crustal deformation are based and it has been suggested that it is the site of a variety of feedbacks between tectonics and erosion. Within the broader orogen, fluvial drainages partly reflect surface uplift, different climatic zones and a response to crustal deformation. In the eastern Himalaya, the unusual drainage configuration of the Yarlung Tsangpo–Brahmaputra River has been interpreted either as antecedent drainage distorted by the India–Asia collision (and as such applied as a passive strain marker of lateral extrusion), latest Neogene tectonically-induced river capture, or glacial damming-induced river diversion events. Here we apply a multi-technique approach to the Neogene paleo-Brahmaputra deposits of the Surma Basin (Bengal Basin, Bangladesh) to test the long-debated occurrence and timing of river capture of the Yarlung Tsangpo by the Brahmaputra River. We provide U–Pb detrital zircon and rutile, isotopic (Sr–Nd and Hf) and petrographic evidence consistent with river capture of the Yarlung Tsangpo by the Brahmaputra River in the Early Miocene. We document influx of Cretaceous–Paleogene zircons in Early Miocene sediments of the paleo-Brahmaputra River that we interpret as first influx of material from the Asian plate (Transhimalayan arc) indicative of Yarlung Tsangpo contribution. Prior to capture, the predominantly Precambrian–Paleozoic zircons indicate that only the Indian plate was drained. Contemporaneous with Transhimalayan influx reflecting the river capture, we record arrival of detrital material affected by Cenozoic metamorphism, as indicated by rutiles and zircons with Cenozoic U–Pb ages and an increase in metamorphic grade of detritus as recorded by petrography. We interpret this as due to a progressively increasing contribution from the erosion of the metamorphosed core of the orogen. Whole rock Sr–Nd isotopic data from the same samples provide further support to this interpretation. River capture may have been caused by a change in relative base level due to uplift of the Tibetan plateau. Assuming such river capture occurred via the Siang River in the Early Miocene, we refute the “tectonic aneurysm” model of tectonic–erosion coupling between river capture and rapid exhumation of the eastern syntaxis, since a time interval of at least 10 Ma between these two events is now demonstrated. This work is also the first to highlight U–Pb dating on detrital rutile as a powerful approach in provenance studies in the Himalaya in combination with zircon U–Pb chronology