Por qué algunos padres rechazan las vacunas para sus hijos

Revisión bibliográfica de la literatura científica de por qué algunos padres rechazan las vacunas para sus hijos

Aspectos metodológicos e psicológicos para aconselhar e acompanhar pessoas com HIV/AIDS

Introduction: the counseling process for people with HIV/AIDS is specific and particular, so there are certain very important aspects to take into account.Objective: they propose some methodological and psychological aspects to advise and accompany people living with HIV/AIDS.Method: criteria of several authors and the literature review were considered according to the methods of the theoretical level of research: analysis-synthesis, induction-deduction, modeling and systemic approach.Results: essential elements were taken into account according to professional practice such as: depression, feelings of guilt, helplessness, anxiety, poor life expectancy, deterioration of the couple's relationship, life expectancy, level of acceptance, fatalism or poor optimism and that some of the aspects are not taken into account when we know that we must do it and, for this work, a specific and particular methodology is also followed.Conclusions: therapeutic meetings are very effective in reducing the suffering and anger that family members present. It is recommended to start individual sessions with people who ask for help.Introducción: el proceso de asesoría para las personas con VIH/sida es específico y particular, por ello, hay ciertos aspectos muy importantes a tomar en cuenta.Objetivo: proponen algunos aspectos metodológicos y psicológicos para asesorar y acompañar a las personas que viven con VIH/sida.Método: se consideraron criterios de varios autores y la revisión bibliográfica según los métodos del nivel teórico de la investigación: análisis-síntesis, inducción-deducción, modelación y enfoque sistémico.Resultados: se tuvieron en cuenta elementos esenciales según la práctica profesional como: depresión, sentimientos de culpas, indefensos, ansiedad, pobre expectativa de vida, deterioro de la relación de pareja, esperanza de vida, nivel de aceptación, fatalismo o poco optimismo y que no se tienen en cuenta algunos de los aspectos cuando sabemos que debemos hacerlo y para esta labor se sigue también una metodología concreta y particular.Conclusiones: según lo explicado anteriormente se recomienda iniciar sesiones individuales con las personas que soliciten ayuda. Las reuniones terapéuticas son muy eficaces para disminuir el sufrimiento y la ira que presentan los miembros de la familia.Introdução: o processo de aconselhamento para pessoas com HIV/AIDS é específico e particular, portanto, há certos aspectos muito importantes a serem levados em consideração.Objetivo: eles propõem alguns aspectos metodológicos e psicológicos para aconselhar e acompanhar as pessoas que vivem com HIV/AIDS.Método: foram considerados critérios de vários autores e a revisão da literatura de acordo com os métodos do nível teórico da pesquisa: análise-síntese, indução-dedução, modelagem e abordagem sistêmica.Resultados: elementos essenciais foram considerados de acordo com a prática profissional, tais como: depressão, sentimentos de culpa, desamparo, ansiedade, baixa expectativa de vida, deterioração do relacionamento do casal, expectativa de vida, nível de aceitação, fatalismo ou pouco otimismo e que alguns dos aspectos não são levados em consideração quando sabemos que devemos fazê-lo e, para este trabalho, uma metodologia específica e particular também é seguida.Conclusões: as reuniões terapêuticas são muito eficazes na redução do sofrimento e da raiva que os membros da família apresentam. Recomenda-se iniciar sessões individuais com pessoas que solicitam ajuda

Ejercicio profesional del diseño industrial : un acercamiento al análisis de algunas de las especialidades más dinámicas en México

1 archivo PDF (175 páginas)Se discierne sobre la situación actual y futura que guardan algunas de las especialidades del diseño industrial que han resultado más dinámicas en el país, partiendo de la perspectiva de profesionales destacados. El primer artículo parte desde el campo de la investigación de diseño. En él se aborda a la profesión en el contexto de la dinámica de cambio organizacional, cuyas tendencias exigen de la misma una evolución en algunos de sus conceptos esenciales para mantenerse como herramienta competitiva del proceso comercial y productivo de manufacturas nacionales. Propone finalmente una tarea concreta para comenzar esta construcción de información a nivel nacional. Los siguientes artículos se centran en el valor principal de este proyecto. Fueron escritos por profesionales experimentados en alguna especialidad del diseño industrial en el país, con una intención evidente por verter al lector sus conocimientos. En sus conceptos, en ocasiones empíricos, se reflexiona sobre interrogantes concretas de los escenarios actuales y futuros de la especialidad de diseño respectiva, realizadas a partir de un conocimiento agudo del tema. Las posturas son diversas, se habla desde el contexto de la empresa transnacional hasta el de la pequeña y mediana empresa nacional; desde el producto para el mercado mundial, al destinado al mercado local; desde la tecnología de punta, a la mediana tecnología; desde las altas producciones, a las piezas únicas; desde los productos que marcan pauta en mercado, a los que siguen el concepto del líder. Es decir, se aborda la realidad amplia, cambiante y diversa que caracteriza en la actualidad al diseño industrial del país

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

Transformaciones y retos de la educación en las artes y los diseños (tomo 1)

El presente libro contiene doce reflexiones que nos sugieren un balance para repensar la educación superior tras las experiencias pandémicas en tres dimensiones: pedagogía, didáctica general y didácticas especiales, Estas tres dimensiones ofrecen un panorama integral para repensar los problemas educativos actuales. A diferencia de otros balances que hemos visto o leído en los últimos años, el presente se compone de tres ejes que atraviesan todas las reflexiones: reorganización de ideas, consolidación de la inter y transdisciplina, y mejora efectiva de las prácticas de enseñanza-aprendizaje desde planes y programas de estudios hasta actividades entre docentes y alumnos.Coordinadoras: Alma Elisa Delgado Coellar, Juana Cecilia Angeles Cañedo & Daniela Velázquez Ruí

Aproximación multidisciplinar a la supervisión del practicum en las carreras de educación, medicina, odontología, informática, comunicación y documentación

Memoria ID-035. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2013-2014

A randomized, double-blind study on the efficacy of oral domperidone versus placebo for reducing SARS-CoV-2 viral load in mild-to-moderate COVID-19 patients in primary health care

15 p.-3 fig.-3 tab.Introduction:The clinical effect of domperidone against COVID-19 has been investigated in a double-blind phase III clinical trial (EudraCT number 2021-001228-17). Domperidone has shown in vitro antiviral activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and potential immudolatory properties through the stimulation of prolactin secretion.Patients and methods:The efficacy of oral domperidone plus standard of care (SOC; n = 87) versus placebo plus SOC (n = 86) was evaluated in a 28-day randomized double-blind multicentre study in primary health care centres. A total of 173 outpatients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 were included. Three daily doses of 10 mg (30 mg/day) of domperidone or placebo were administered for 7 days. Reduction of viral load on day 4 was the primary efficay endpoint. It was estimated in saliva samples by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), as the cycle thresholds detected ORF1ab, N Protein and S Protein genes.Results:A significant reduction in the viral load was observed (p < 0.001) from baseline to days 4, 7 and 14 of the three genes studied with non-significant differences between domperidone and placebo groups. Twenty-three patients (13.3%) experienced adverse events, 14 patients in the domperidone group (16.1%) and 9 patients in the placebo group (10.5%). No patients needed to be hospitalized.Conclusion: Results do not prove the use of domperidone as antiviral in patients with COVID-19.This research was funded by CSIC (grant no. PIE 201980E024) and by the European Commission: NextGeneration EU (Regulation EU 2020/2094) through CSIC’s Global Health Platform (PTI Salud Global). The study sponsor was Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, M.P. (CSIC), Madrid, Spain. The sponsor was involved in the design, data interpretation, manuscript review and the decision to submit the article for publication.Peer reviewe

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality