La pregunta por el método: derecho y metodología de la investigación

186 p.This work is the result of a research that supports a tripartite relationship between scientific research methodology as a generic category, forms of research that generate legal knowledge, and research methods drawn from the notions of legal science and the auxiliary sciences of law. To do this, the study poses questions about research methods used to generate legal know ledge, while using methods from logic, semiotics, as w ell as the economic analysis of law, legislative technique, and private law. Based on this, the authors support the connection between an internal point of view and an external point of view regarding the methodology of legal research.La presente obra es producto de la investigación que sustenta una relación tripartita entre la metodología de la investigación científica como categoría genérica, las formas de investigación que generan conocimiento jurídico, y los métodos de investigación extraídos desde las nociones de ciencia jurídica y ciencias auxiliares del derecho. Para ello, se recurre a la pregunta por los métodos de investigación que se emplean en la labor de generación de conocimiento jurídico, se substraen métodos desde la lógica, la semiótica, el análisis económico del derecho, la técnica legislativa y el derecho privado. Con ello, los autores sustentan el acoplamiento del punto de vista interno con el punto de vista externo en materia de metodología de la investigación jurídica.Introducción Capítulo 1. Los calificativos del derecho en las formas de investigación jurídica Capítulo 2. El método jurídico: entre la ciencia legal y las ciencias auxiliares del derecho Capítulo 3. La semiótica jurídica como metodología. Análisis lógico-semiótico de construcción de conceptos jurídicos Capítulo 4. Modelos lógicos como métodos de estudio sistémico del derecho. Determinación de la operatividad de lenguajes ideales Capítulo 5. Metodología y método de la ciencia legislativa Capítulo 6. Análisis económico del derecho: principales antecedentes metodológicos Capítulo 7. Apuntes metodológicos para la comprensión y el estudio del derecho privado Conclusione

Telencephalon ablation impairs goldfish allocentric spatial learning in a "hole-board" task

The present work analyzes the involvement of telencephalon of goldfish in spatial strategies, using a procedure analogue to the hole-board task. With this aim, goldfish with sham operation or telencephalon ablation were trained to find a baited feeder within a twenty-five feeder matrix, which maintained stable spatial relationships relative to five peripheral landmarks. After training, different types of probe tests were conducted. Although both groups learned the task, probe trials showed that whereas the sham animals used the whole configuration of cues to implement map-like strategies the telencephalic animals used a guidance strategy based on cues located in the vicinity of the baited feeder. These results confirm the role of teleost fish telencephalon in the use of allocentric strategies obtained with other spatial procedures, and indicate that the hole-board task described here for goldfish is a useful tool to assess the neural bases of spatial cognition in teleost fish.Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte BFU-2004-03219Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte BFU2007-6228Junta de Andalucía BIO-24

Nonstrabismic binocular dysfunctions and cervical complaints: The possibility of a crossdysfunction

The aim of this study is to establish a relationship between non-strabismic binocular dysfunction and neck pain. One hundred twelve participants underwent binocular vision assessment by evaluating horizontal heterophoria, horizontal and vertical fusional vergence ranges and vergence facility. The subjects were classified into two groups: binocular anomalies and normal binocular function. Neck complaints were measured with the Neck Disability Index, visual analogue scale, cervical range of motion, deep-flexor muscle activation score (AS) and performance index (PI). Our results showed that participants with low AS had significantly altered values of lateral phoria (near) (mean = -6.99 SD ± 6.96 PD) and PFV (near) blur (mean = 9.49 SD ± 5.45 PD) against those who presented normal AS (lateral phoria (near) mean = -3.64 SD ± 6.37 PD; PFV (near) blur mean = 12.84 SD ± 6.20 PD). In addition, participants with NFV (near) recovery outside the norm had a significantly lower right side-bending (mean = 35.63 SD ± 8.35 PD) than those within the standard (mean = 39.64 SD ± 9 PD). The subjects with binocular vision impairment showed a diminished response to the deep cervical musculature, with low AS and PI, as well as a tendency to suffer from cervicalgia of more than three months’ evolution and a lower range of motion

Nonlinear Weighting Ensemble Learning Model to Diagnose Parkinson's Disease Using Multimodal Data

This work was supported by the FEDER/Junta deAndalucia-Consejeria de Transformacion Economica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades/Proyecto (B-TIC-586-UGR20); the MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ and FEDER \Una manerade hacer Europa" under the RTI2018-098913-B100 project, by the Consejeria de Economia, Innovacion,Ciencia y Empleo (Junta de Andalucia) and FEDER under CV20-45250, A-TIC-080-UGR18 and P20-00525 projects. Grant by F.J.M.M. RYC2021-030875-I funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR. Work by D.C.B. is supported by the MCIN/AEI/FJC2021-048082-I Juan de la Cierva Formacion'. Work by J.E.A. is supported by Next Generation EU Fund through a Margarita Salas Grant, and work by C.J.M. is supported by Ministerio de Universidades under the FPU18/04902 grant.Parkinson's Disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder among adults. Although its triggers are still not clear, they may be due to a combination of different types of biomarkers measured through medical imaging, metabolomics, proteomics or genetics, among others. In this context, we have proposed a Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) system that combines structural and functional imaging data from subjects in Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative dataset by means of an Ensemble Learning methodology trained to identify and penalize input sources with low classification rates and/or high-variability. This proposal improves results published in recent years and provides an accurate solution not only from the point of view of image preprocessing (including a comparison between different intensity preservation techniques), but also in terms of dimensionality reduction methods (Isomap). In addition, we have also introduced a bagging classification schema for scenarios with unbalanced data.As shown by our results, the CAD proposal is able to detect PD with 96.48% of balanced accuracy, and opens up the possibility of combining any number of input data sources relevant for PD.FEDER/Junta deAndalucia-Consejeria de Transformacion Economica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades/Proyecto B-TIC-586-UGR20MCIN/AEI P20-00525FEDER \Una manerade hacer Europa RYC2021-030875-IJunta de AndaluciaEuropean Union (EU) Spanish Government RTI2018-098913-B100, CV20-45250, A-TIC-080-UGR18European Union (EU)Juan de la Cierva FormacionNext Generation EU Fund through a Margarita Salas GrantMinisterio de Universidades FPU18/0490

ÁCIDO LINOLEICO CONJUGADO COMO ESTRATEGIA PARA EL CONTROL DE LA OBESIDAD

La obesidad y el sobrepeso se definen como una acumulación excesiva de grasa que puede ser perjudicial para la salud. La Organización Mundial de la Salud reporta que existen 1,600 millones de adultos con sobrepeso y obesidad, en donde al menos 400 millones de éstos presentan obesidad y cerca de 70 millones de ellos viven en México. Para contrarrestar esta enfermedad se han diseñado diversas estrategias, algunas en el área de alimentos, buscando producir alimentos con menos calorías o con ingredientes que promuevan un mayor gasto energético; uno de los compuestos prometedores es el ácido linoleico conjugado (CLA), el cual tiene efecto en diversos aspectos de la obesidad como son la composición corporal, el aumento de masa magra, la reducción de la masa grasa, entre otros. El CLA es considerado como un aditivo seguro por la FDA y el Codex alimentarius por lo que en algunos países ya existen productos adicionados con CLA, principalmente productos lácteos. Abstract The obesity and the overweight are defined as an excessive accumulation of fat, that excessive accumulation can harmful to the people´s health. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports 1,600 million of adults with overweight and obesity, where at least 400 millions presents obesity and near 70 millions of them lives in Mexico. To offset this disease there have been designed diverse strategies, some in the food area, producing low calories food or adding some ingredients that promote the energetic expense; one of that kind of added compounds it is the acid linoleic conjugated (CLA), which has effect in diverse aspects of the obesity, like the corporal composition, the increase of fat-free mass and reduction of the fat mass, among others aspects. Nowadays CLA it´s considered by the FDA and the Alimentarius Codex as safe additive, that’s why some countries added CLA in their products, principally at lacteal products. Palabras clave: Ácido linoleico conjugado, CLA, obesidad, consumo

Visual Binocular Disorders and Their Relationship with Baropodometric Parameters: A Cross-Association Study

The aim of this study was to establish a relationship between nonstrabismic binocular dysfunction and baropodometric parameters. A total of 106 participants underwent binocular vision assessment by evaluating horizontal heterophoria, horizontal and vertical fusional vergence ranges, and vergence facility. Posturography was measured using the FreeMED baropodometric platform. Among the variables that the software calculates are foot surface, foot load, and foot pressure. Our results showed that in the participants with positive fusional vergence (PFV) (near) blur and recovery values outside the norm, there are statistically significant differences between the total foot area (p < 0.05), forefoot area (p < 0.05), forefoot load (p < 0.05), and rearfoot load (p < 0.05), in all of the cases of left foot vs. right foot. In the group of subjects who did not meet Sheard's criterion (distance), that is, those with unstable binocular vision, there was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.01) between maximum left and right foot pressure. In conclusion, our results establish a relationship between nonstrabismic binocular dysfunctions and some baropodometric parameters

Visual Binocular Disorders and Their Relationship with Baropodometric Parameters: A Cross-Association Study

The aim of this study was to establish a relationship between nonstrabismic binocular dysfunction and baropodometric parameters. A total of 106 participants underwent binocular vision assessment by evaluating horizontal heterophoria, horizontal and vertical fusional vergence ranges, and vergence facility. Posturography was measured using the FreeMED baropodometric platform. Among the variables that the software calculates are foot surface, foot load, and foot pressure. Our results showed that in the participants with positive fusional vergence (PFV) (near) blur and recovery values outside the norm, there are statistically significant differences between the total foot area (p<0.05), forefoot area (p<0.05), forefoot load (p<0.05), and rearfoot load (p<0.05), in all of the cases of left foot vs. right foot. In the group of subjects who did not meet Sheard's criterion (distance), that is, those with unstable binocular vision, there was a statistically significant difference (p<0.01) between maximum left and right foot pressure. In conclusion, our results establish a relationship between nonstrabismic binocular dysfunctions and some baropodometric parameters

Effect of pH on the production of hydrolytic enzymes of industrial interest by Bacillus licheniformis using sewage sludge as a low-cost culture médium

Management of sewage sludge has become a topic of increasing importance. This is because the treatment and final destination of these wastes are not growing at the same rate at which generated what is necessary to add the limited storage capacity of wastewater treatment plants or waste transfer centers. Current policies of different governments aims, among others, promote proecological management of sewage sludge, replacing traditional methods by new methods that lead to their stabilization and safe recycling. These methods can lead to the recovery of valuable raw materials from potentially dangerous others in order to permit their use in agriculture, industry or energy production. Moreover, exists a great enzyme market, mainly those with hydrolytic activities such as proteases, lipases or cellulases. Although its use has many advantages, the competitiveness of the enzymes compared with chemicals is limited by its high production costs. The use of a less expensive culture media and the stimulation of the production of these enzymes can significantly reduce production costs. Therefore, the use of tertiary materials as alternative substrates, available in large quantities and at lower cost, is an interesting option. In this work we have studied the effect of pH on the fermentation of sewage sludge by Bacillus licheniformis, a hydrolytic enzymes producer microorganism, in order to obtain several products for specific agronomic applications

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST) and its relationship with germline mutations

We present the case of a 38-year-old man with a history of abdominal paraganglioma 10 years ago, who consulted for hematemesis and asthenia of 5 days' evolution. An upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed where a raised submucosal lesion, about 2 cm, with ulceration on its surface, was observed at the corporal-antral junction. The CT scan revealed nodular thickening of the gastric wall at the level of the lesser curvature. After the resolution of his hematemesis, it was decided to intervene on the patient, performing a partial gastrectomyUniversidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Propagación de plantas de Morus alba var. Criolla con el uso de sistemas de inmersión temporal

The mulberry (Morus alba L.) it is a forage plant of great economic importance. The present work was carried out with the purpose of to in vitro propagate the variety ‘Criolla’ via organogenesis with the use of Temporary Immersion Systems. It were defined the media and culture conditions for the temporary immersion systems. The results demonstrated that it was possible to obtain a high multiplication coefficient of 15.5. The immersion frequency had a significant influence on the evaluated variables. Maximum values were observed in the number of buds, the longitude of the buds and the multiplication coefficient with four immersions per day. The plants in vitro cultivated in temporary immersion systems were established in the acclimatization phase in a substrate compound for 85% worm humus and 15% zeolita. It were superior in the morphological variables evaluated regarding those propagated by the conventional method of stakes.Key words: multiplication coefficient, in vitro plants, morphologic variationsLa morera (Morus alba L.) es una planta forrajera de gran importancia económica. El presente trabajo se realizó con la finalidad de propagar in vitro la variedad ‘Criolla’ vía organogénesis con el uso de Sistemas de Inmersión Temporal. Se definieron los medios y condiciones de cultivo para los sistemas de inmersión temporal y los resultados demostraron que fue posible obtener un coeficiente de multiplicación elevado de 15.5. La frecuencia de inmersión tuvo una influencia significativa sobre las variables evaluadas. Se observaron valores máximos en el número de brotes, la longitud de los brotes y el coeficiente de multiplicación con cuatro inmersiones por día. Las plantas cultivadas in vitro mediante sistemas de inmersión temporal se establecieron en la fase de aclimatización en un sustrato compuesto por 85% humus de lombriz y 15% de zeolita y fueron superiores en las variables morfológicas evaluadas respecto a las propagadas por el método convencional de estacas.Palabras clave: coeficiente de multiplicación, plantas in vitro, variaciones morfológica