Maxillary Incisors of the Horse before and at the Beginning of the Teeth Shedding: Radiographic and CT Study

To gain insight into the radiographic appearance of maxillary deciduous incisors and dental germs of maxillary permanent incisors in the period prior to teeth shedding, radiographs and computed tomography (CT) of 25 horse skulls, with an estimated age of between 12 and 42 months, were studied. Data regarding morphology and development were obtained. Dental germs of first maxillary permanent incisors were identified radiographically as rounded radiolucent areas at the level of the apical parts of the first deciduous incisors, in skulls with an estimated age of twelve months. The first sign of crown mineralization of these dental germs appeared in skulls supposedly a few months older. Before teeth shedding, the unerupted, mineralized crowns of the first permanent incisor could be identified radiographically relatively caudal to the corresponding first deciduous incisors. The results of the present study indicate that radiographic intraoral images are suitable to identify the grade of development of the dental germs of maxillary permanent incisors. A detailed description of the radiographic appearance of deciduous incisors and dental germs of permanent incisors will help clinicians to expand their knowledge for diagnostic or treatment purposes

La enseñanza reciente del magisterio en torno a la penitencia Líneas principales y desarrollo orgánico

Este trabajo tiene como objeto material la enseñanza del magisterio conciliar y postconciliar en torno a la penitencia, término polivalente y de denso contenido semántico (obras penitenciales, ascesis, conversión, reconciliación, Cuarto Sacramento) en el que no raramente se entrecruzan y confunden, incluso en los documentos, los diversos términos y contenidos. A su vez, se pretende formalmente individuar los contenidos más destacados sobre el tema y hacer un seguimiento de su desarrollo, en sus líneas principales, a lo largo de las intervenciones más relevantes de este magisterio universal, para analizar su coherencia y continuidad. El campo de este estudio son las principa les intervenciones del magisterio en torno al tema de la penitencia, desde el Concilio Vaticano II (1962-1965), pasando por Pablo VI y Juan Pablo II, hasta su Carta Apostólica Misericordia Dei (2002), magisterio que levanta su voz desde diversos ámbitos: doctrinal, litúrgica, pastoral, disciplinar. Se utiliza el método de recorrer los principales documentos e intervenciones del magisterio reciente sobre la penitencia, dando una visión con las enseñanzas del magisterio precedente y posterior, esbozando un cuadro de conjunto con el desarrollo orgánico de las líneas maestras de este magisterio, evidenciando sus límites y brillando sus aportaciones más relevantes. No obstante, la recepción de este magisterio ha sido escasa en amplios sectores eclesiales, si bien ha progresado en los últimos años

Diálogos entrecruzados y apoteosis de la violencia en "Lituma en los Andes"

Analizamos la estructura de las secuencias construidas mediante diálogos entrecruzados en "Lituma en los Andes" de Mario Vargas Llosa, y proponemos una interpretación de su función dentro de la obra: conseguir la expresión más completa del tema principal de la novela, la violencia que domina el Perú contemporáneo. After an analysis of the structure of sequences constructed by interlaced dialogues in Mario Vargas LLosa's "Lituma en los Andes", an interpretation of their function in the work is proposed: to obtain the most complete expression of the main theme in the novel, violence which dominates contemporary Peru

Double beta decay experiments

The present status of double beta decay experiments are reviewed. The results of the most sensitive experiments, NEMO-3 and CUORICINO, are discussed. Proposals for future double beta decay experiments are considered. In these experiments sensitivity for the effective neutrino mass will be on the level of (0.1-0.01) eV.Comment: 20 pages, 7 fugures; talk at 12-th Lomonosov Conference on Elementary Particle Physics (Moscow, August 25-31, 2005

SpectraNet–53: A deep residual learning architecture for predicting soluble solids content with VIS–NIR spectroscopy

This work presents a new deep learning architecture, SpectraNet-53, for quantitative analysis of fruit spectra, optimized for predicting Soluble Solids Content (SSC, in Brix). The novelty of this approach resides in being an architecture trainable on a very small dataset, while keeping a performance level on-par or above Partial Least Squares (PLS), a time-proven machine learning method in the field of spectroscopy. SpectraNet-53 performance is assessed by determining the SSC of 616 Citrus sinensi L. Osbeck 'Newhall' oranges, from two Algarve (Portugal) orchards, spanning two consecutive years, and under different edaphoclimatic conditions. This dataset consists of short-wave near-infrared spectroscopic (SW-NIRS) data, and was acquired with a portable spectrometer, in the visible to near infrared region, on-tree and without temperature equalization. SpectraNet-53 results are compared to a similar state-of-the-art architecture, DeepSpectra, as well as PLS, and thoroughly assessed on 15 internal validation sets (where the training and test data were sampled from the same orchard or year) and on 28 external validation sets (training/test data sampled from different orchards/years). SpectraNet-53 was able to achieve better performance than DeepSpectra and PLS in several metrics, and is especially robust to training overfit. For external validation results, on average, SpectraNet-53 was 3.1% better than PLS on RMSEP (1.16 vs. 1.20 Brix), 11.6% better in SDR (1.22 vs. 1.10), and 28.0% better in R2 (0.40 vs. 0.31).project NIBAP ALG-01-0247-FEDER-037303, project OtiCalFrut ALG-010247-FEDER-033652info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Endothermic salts integrated in impermeable suits do not reduce heat strain during exercise

Wearing impermeable garments during work inherently leads to heat strain, even in cold environments [1]. Phase change materials (mainly paraffin’s or salt [4]) may be used as a thermal buffer (e.g. [2]) to reduce initial heat stress. Salts can also be used to absorb sweat, which may enhance the cooling power from the skin. Recently, specific encapsulated salts utilising KSCN (potassium thiocyanate) have been developed that consume energy when the KSCN dissolves in water. The heat consumed when the KSCN (present inside 150 g of capsules containing 60% KSCN salt) dissolves in water is 22410 J (249 J/g * 60% * 150 g). When this solving takes place over a period of 30 minutes, the average power transfer is 12 W. One (1) g of KSCN-containing capsules absorbs close to 1 g of moisture. If we assume that 150 g sweat extra can be evaporated from the skin, this yields an extra cooling power of 182 W for 30 minutes. However this evaporated water from the skin is subsequently absorbed by the KSCN in the capsules. During this absorption from the gas phase, the condensation heat is released to the KSCN salt: about 182 W for 30 minutes. However, we hypothesise that this condensation heat will be partly transferred to the body and partly to the environment [3], providing a net benefit to the body. Thus, the total cooling effect due to the salt capsules is composed of two parts: • The cooling effect of about 12 W due to the heat consumption by the dissolving of the salts in water; • The cooling effect of maximal 182 W, which equals the difference between the evaporative heat and the condensation heat. The latter is generated in the salt capsules that transfer part of the heat to the environment. The overall cooling effect should therefore be in between 12 W and 194 W. The purpose of our study was to test the efficacy of a KSCN-based absorbing salt as a PCM for use within impermeable protective clothing. We tested the PCM during 20 min of moderate exercise in a hot (35°C, 40% relative humidity) environment, and hypothesized that thermal strain would be lower in the PCM compared to the non-PCM condition

Parâmetros de crescimento de achigãs (Micropterus salmoides, Lacépède, 1802) alimentados com Eisenia fetida (Savigny, 1826)

O achigã (Micropterus salmoides Lacépède, 1802) é uma espécie piscícola de águas interiores com elevado interesse gastronómicoemPortugal. A Eisenia fetida (Savigny, 1826) é uma boa fonte de proteínapara utilizar na alimentação animal.No entanto, obaixo teor em matéria seca (19,03%) e os elevados teores em fibra bruta (5,83%) e em cinzas (10,70%),principalmente terra, poderão ser um fator limitante à sua utilização como alimento para peixescarnívoros. Com o objetivo de avaliar o interesse da utilização de E. fetidana alimentação de peixes, em setembro foram capturados 22 juvenis de achigã (0+ anos) numa pequena barragem de rega (N 39º49’27,89’’; O 07º26’57,92’’). Os achigãs foram colocados em três tanquespara habituação a um alimento composto comercial. Como em Portugal não se produzem alimentos compostos específicos para achigãs foi utilizado um alimento composto comercial formulado para douradas (Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758) e robalos (Dicentrarchus labrax Linnaeus,1758) (proteína bruta 49,74%MS e gordura bruta 18,07%MS). Ao fim de trêssemanas,86,4% dos peixes já ingeriam o alimentosólido. Não foi necessária habituação à E. fetidauma vez que faz parte da alimentação natural do achigã. Em 13 outubro, dos 22 achigãs iniciaisforam selecionadosaleatoriamente 16 que foramcolocados em dois tanques(8 peixes/tanquecom0,048m3de água). No tanqueG1 (E. fetida) e tanqueG2 (alimento granulado) o peso, o comprimento, o fator K e a densidade iniciais foram, respetivamente, 13,62g e 13,40g (p>0,05); 10,49cm e 10,39cm (p>0,05); 1,160 e 1,179 (p>0,05); 2,27kg/m3e 2,23kg/m3. Durante o ensaio,com duração de 179 dias, a temperatura média da água variou entre 17,1ºC e 24,5ºCe a taxa de sobrevivência foi de 100%.No dia 179 do ensaio,os valores médios de peso, comprimento, fator K e produtividade nos tanques G1 e G2 foram, respetivamente, 31,54 g e 40,87 g (p0,05); 5,25 kg/m3e 6,80 kg/m3. Os resultados obtidos parecem indicar que a E. fetidapode ser utilizada na alimentação de achigãs.Abstract: The largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoidesLacépède,1802) is an inland fish species that is of great gastronomic interest in Portugal mainland. Eisenia fetida (Savigny, 1826) is a very good source of proteinto be used in animal feed. However, the low content of dry matter (19.03%) and the high content of crude fiber (5.83%) and ash (10.70%), mainly soil, could be a limiting factor to its use as a feed for carnivorous fish. On September, twenty-twojuveniles (0+ years) largemouth bass were caught from a small irrigation dam (N 39º49’27,89’’; W 07º26’57,92’’). Juveniles largemouth basswere stocked in three small tanksfor commercial compound feed training. Because in Portugal there are no specific commercial feed for largemouth bass were used a commercial compound for seabream (Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758) and European seabass(Dicentrarchus labrax Linnaeus, 1758)(crude protein 49.74% DM and crude fat 18.07% DM). After 3 weeks 86.4% are well trained. On October 13th, sixteen feed-trained individuals were randomly selected and stocked in two tanks(8 largemouth bassper tankwith 0,048m3of water). In tankG1 (feed E. fetida)and tankG2 (feed commercial compound) largemouth bassweight, length, K condition factor and productivitywere, respectively, 13.62g and 13.40g (p>0.05); 10.49cm and 10.39cm (p>0.05); 1.160 and 1.179 (p>0.05); 2,27kg/m3and 2.23kg/m3). In our experiment, water tankaverage temperature range between 17,1ºC and 24,5ºC and the survival rate was 100%.On day 179 of this study average weight, length, K condition factor and productivityin tankG1 and tankG2 were, respectively, 31.54 g e 40.87 g (p0.05); 5.25 kg/m3e 6.80 kg/m3). The results seem to indicate that E. fetidacan be used as feed for largemouth bass.Os autores agradecem o apoio financeiro à publicação concedido pelo CERNAS-IPCB [projeto UIDB/00681/2020] financiado pela Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

El reconocimiento de los aprendizajes adquiridos por la experiencia previa: un nuevo reto para el sistema universitario

El propósito del Reconocimiento de los Aprendizajes derivados de la Experiencia Previa (RAEP) es hacer visible el abanico de competencias que posee una persona, independientemente del contexto donde la adquisición de éstas tuvo lugar. En este artículo se analiza el papel del reconocimiento del aprendizaje experiencial dentro de una visión amplia de la educación y se presentan sus elementos clave. Se comenta el rol del RAEP en la educación superior, señalando asimismo las oportunidades y desafíos que este tipo de procesos impone a los protagonistas de la enseñanza universitaria