ON THE FORMS AND THORNS OF LINGUISTIC INDETERMINACY IN CHINESE LAW

This study addresses the different types and implications of linguistic indeterminacy in Chinese law. It firstly draws on the studies of scholars of different disciplines, such as linguistics and philosophy of language, to provide a taxonomy of indeterminacy in language. It then provides examples of each type, highlighting the implications in law and legal interpretation. It uses linguistic data from various texts, such as statutory laws and judgements, and analyse them with various methods, including discourse analysis and corpus linguistics. This study argues that when the language of the law is indeterminate, the legal outcomes may be particularly uncertain. It suggests that although it is difficult to ascertain whether the degree of indeterminacy is higher in some languages more than in others, some linguistic mechanisms at the word-formation level in Chinese are remarkably ambiguous. When uncertain terms are in key parts of the law, the consequences may be more serious. The study of linguistic indeterminacy in Chinese has implications for the study of forensic linguistics, and Chinese studies in general

Protecting antiquities in early modern Rome: the papal edicts as paradigms for the heritage safeguard in Europe

The edicts issued in Rome between the fifteenth and the eighteenth centuries are the earliest legislation conceived for the preservation and supervision of heritage in Europe. Not only did such regulations aim to protect monuments, antiquities, and – at a later stage – paintings from the risks of damage and deterioration, but also established a legal framework against their illegal exportation and excavation. In this study the gradual development of this vast corpus of legislation is considered within the variations of artistic scholarship, legal knowledge, artistic taste, and the art market in Europe between 1400s and 1700s. The mutual implications of juridical constructs and practices of supervision are evaluated together with interdisciplinary factors – such as the rise of collections and museums – to shed light on the development of the concepts of ‘heritage protection’ in early modern Rome. Specific analysis will also involve the gradual expansion of the definition of ‘antiquity’ and ‘artefact’ in papal legislation, as well as the establishment of innovative instruments to prevent and circumvent misdemeanours. One final consideration is given to the launch of local procedures of heritage protection in other states in Europe. Considering the cultural and historical backgrounds of each individual place, this study will demonstrate that the idea of safeguarding what was thought of as ‘collective heritage’ emerged consistently in eighteenth-century Europe following the paradigms of the papal edicts

A Program for the Improvement of the Wallace High School Library, Wallace, Kansas

The problem was to organize and improve the library in the small high school located at Wallace, Kansas. This study is based upon the assumption: (1) that the secondary school library has increased in importance with changing methods of instruction for high school pupils; (2) that the textbook is now generally used as an outline and reference, and should be supplemented with reference books, magazines pamphlets and a wide range of printed matter; and (3) that the secondary school that offers its pupils an enriched curriculum must also have a well equipped library organized to give efficient service. This manuscript is a report of the actual program carried out during the school year 1938- 1939. The program is described in full in chapter iv, Reorganization of the Library and Chapter v, Increase in Holdings and Equipment. The writer attempts to show what can be done to bring a library into systematic order and usefulness by one with a minimum of library experience. The result of the improvement program in part in Chapter vi, Evaluation and Summaries. However, the wisdom of the organization program can best be determined by the increased use of the library during the years that follow

Channel estimation strategy for LPWA transmission at low SNR: application to Turbo-FSK

International audienceTurbo Frequency Shift Keying has been considered as a promising physical layer for low power wide-area network connectivity. Because of its constant envelope amplitude and the efficiency of its iterative receiver performance close to Shannon's limit can be achieved. However, results published so far in the literature for the waveform have assumed perfect channel estimation or Signal-to-noise (SNR) levels that are higher than the SNR levels considered for these applications. This paper analyzes a channel estimation strategy based on a specifically adapted pilot sequence. Simulations have been performed to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach. Performance loss induced by imperfect channel estimation algorithms is estimated

Atti del processo penale italiano. Traduzione in cinese e commento traduttologico.

Il secondo volume della collana dei Quaderni del Master GMC si focalizza sulla traduzione in cinese, e sullo studio traduttologico degli atti del processo penale italiano, ponendosi così in continuità con lo studio intrapreso nel precedente volume (Quaderno 1) per gli atti del processo civile italiano. Nello specifico, la redazione del presente volume nasce dall’esigenza di porre al servizio del traduttore uno strumento per affrontare i testi che, in base all’articolo 143 del Codice di procedura penale italiano, devono essere tradotti nel caso in cui l’imputato non conosca la lingua italiana, in modo da garantire allo stesso l’esercizio del diritto di difesa. Gli atti processuali vengono dapprima introdotti e illustrati in riferimento alla prassi d’uso, e successivamente riportati in modelli standard con la loro versione in cinese. Gli atti sono affiancati da concise spiegazioni utili per una comprensione del testo anche ai non addetti e sono seguiti da una succinta analisi terminologica e traduttologica che permett

Musées du cinéma et expositions temporaires, valorisation des collections d’appareils : une histoire déjà ancienne

La Cinémathèque française possède l’une des plus belles collections d’appareils au monde : plus de 3 000 pièces (caméras, projecteurs, matériel de studio, de laboratoire, d’éclairage, etc.), un fonds de quelque 7 000 plaques de verre pour lanterne magique, un ensemble de 6 000 plaques de verre photographiques (photos de plateau des années 1910 à 1950), des archives (brevets d’invention, dossiers sur les inventeurs et fabricants, etc.). La constitution de cet ensemble a commencé en 1936, lorsq..

Voters, issues, and party loyalty: the 2022 Italian election under the magnifying glass

The 2022 Italian election marked a historic victory for the centre-right coalition. This camp was spearheaded by Giorgia Meloni’s Brothers of Italy (FDI), with a solid performance of this radical right party across the country. However, considerable nuance emerges by looking at different aspects of the vote, which we do by leveraging original data from the pre-electoral wave of the 2022 CISE/ICCP survey. After recapping both the build-up to and results of the election, we employ this data on these specific fronts. First, we analyse vote flows between the 2018 and 2022 elections in three big cities in Northern, Central, and Southern Italy: Turin, Florence, and Naples. This analysis shows that FDI becomes more competitive in these traditionally unfavourable contexts, although less so in Naples. Second, we analyse data on the configuration of Italian voters’ preferences, which reveals an increasingly progressive electorate in an apparent contradiction with the election results. Third and final, we go deeper into the demand-side picture by assessing the role of sociodemographic characteristics over vote choice, presenting the voter profile of the five largest parties: the three main centre-right parties, the Democratic Party, and the Five Star Movement. Overall, the findings that emerge from our article enhance a more fine-grained understanding of this crucial election in Italy