Anorexias-bulimias : una propuesta de poliedro de inteligibilidad

Treball Final de Màster Universitari en Investigació Aplicada en Estudis Feministes, de Gènere i Ciutadania (Pla de 2013). Codi: SBH023. Curs: 2013/2014Este Trabajo de Fin de Máster abarca diferentes análisis y estudios feministas provenientes de diversas disciplinas acerca de lo que conocemos como «trastornos alimentarios», con el fin de ofrecer una explicación holística de un malestar que va en aumento en las sociedades industriales. El motivo de la elección de este tema es mi profundo interés -como afectada y superviviente de la psiquiatría- en comprender el fenómeno y acercarnos a la superación y dinamitación del mismo. Se hace necesario aumentar el número y la calidad de las investigaciones con enfoque interseccional, además de apostar por estudios menos asediados por la medicina, la psiquiatría y la psicología cognitivo-conductual. Actualmente, los sujetos de las «patologías oral corporal alimentarias» (Aguado, 2010) son cada vez menos homogéneos. Aunque las ciencias sociales han aportado mucho a la cuestión, los tratamientos suelen estar medicalizados y excesivamente centrados en la psicología de la persona. Es indiscutible que la familia y el self son importantes tanto para la comprensión como para la recuperación, pero no son lo único. Aunque no acudo demasiado a cifras o estadísticas ni soy adalid del Manual de diagnóstico de enfermedades mentales (DSM), resulta orientativo especificar que solo en Catalunya encontramos en el grupo de afectados 26.000 biomujeres1 de entre 11 y 29 años (6% de la población femenina) y 2.000 biohombres (datos de la Fundación ACAB y el Consejo Nacional de la Juventud de Cataluña, 2013). Y estos son solamente los casos documentados. Pese a que la mayoría de las estadísticas discriminan por sexos, el género y la sexualidad siguen siendo las variables pendientes. Este ha sido el principal inconveniente a lo largo de mi trabajo, además del dilema en torno a cómo nombrar los malestares de los que me ocupo y, por qué no decirlo, mi situación económica, también estructural. Para no perdernos en los términos he optado por conservar «anorexia» y «bulimia», aunque resignificados. Este trabajo lleva como título Anorexias-bulimias: una propuesta de poliedro de inteligibilidad, en primer lugar porque recojo el concepto des-binomizador «anorexia-bulimia», del psicoanalista lacaniano Massimo Recalcati (La última cena, 2004). Como él y otras autoras (Aguado, 2010; Moreno Pestaña, 2010), no creo que sean malestares con una clara línea divisoria ni quisiera contribuir a la jerarquización implícita al plantearlos tan diferenciados. He decidido ponerlo en plural porque de ese modo puedo apelar a la multitud de circunstancias, diferencias y subjetividades, huyendo de entidades monolíticas y unitarias. Así mismo, aunque hago referencia a lo que el DSM llama «trastorno por atracón», no analizo en profundidad este malestar, principalmente porque no me siento con criterio para ello puesto que no lo he padecido -aunque creo de manera ferviente que brota de la misma raíz-. El término foucaltiano poliedro de inteligibilidad se refiere a la multicausalidad, la complejidad y las posibilidades de ciertos acontecimientos teniendo en cuenta su historicidad. A lo largo del trabajo trato de exponer las moléculas que forman un sistema estable perpetuado por el heteropatriarcado y el capitalismo, que muta cuando las revoluciones feministas avanzan. La metodología empleada ha consistido en la lectura y selección del material teórico, el visionado de anuncios, documentales, mi experiencia personal problematizada a través del embodiment, tal como ideó Elisabeth Grosz2 en los años 90 (Venegas Medina, 2006), y mi observación y reflexiones desde hace años. El trabajo está dividido en dos partes. En la primera recojo aspectos históricos, sociológicos, filosóficos y antropológicos que pueden contribuir a la explicación, tanto de los trastornos alimenticios como de la normalidad de las restricciones alimentarias en las mujeres. La segunda parte trata elementos más específicos de las anorexias-bulimias, como el dilema de identidad en torno a la «enfermedad» y la crítica a los diagnósticos y los tratamientos hegemónicos

Saggio di sacra inquisizione medievale in Tovo S. Giacomo dal 9 al 14 novembre 1881 e difesa del rev. arciprete Mandillo Giovanni Napoleone pubblicamente ed ingiustamente punito dall'eccellentissimo e reverendissimo monsignore Filippo Allegro

Saggio di sacra inquisizione medievale in Tovo S. Giacomo dal 9 al 14 novembre 1881 e difesa del rev. arciprete Mandillo Giovanni Napoleone pubblicamente ed ingiustamente punito dall'eccellentissimo e reverendissimo monsignore Filippo Allegro Genova : tipografia dei Tribunali, 1882 88 p., [1! c. di tav. : ill. ; 24 cm Ritr. dell'A Precede il front. l'avvertenza dell'A. al lettore

Soft tissue thickness evaluation in screw-retained crowns by the biologically oriented preparation technique (BOPT)

Intraoral scanner evaluation (3Shape, TRIOS®) of soft tissue thickness around convergent collar implants and shoulderless abutments. Ambispective longitudinal analytical study with a sample size of 26 implants in 17 patients treated in a private denta

Evaluation of peri-implant soft and hard tissues behavior in screw-retained crowns by the biologically oriented preparation technique (BOPT) : ambispective longitudinal analytical study

Clinical and radiographic evaluation of soft and hard tissues around convergent collar implants and shoulderless abutments. Material and Methods: Ambispective longitudinal analytical study with a sample size of 32 implants in 21 patients t

Cross-centre replication of suppressed burrowing behaviour as an ethologically relevant pain outcome measure in the rat : a prospective multicentre study

Acknowledgements This Europain project has received support from the Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) Joint Undertaking (under grant agreement number 115007), resources of which are composed of financial contributions from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/20072013) and European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA) companies in-kind contribution (see http://www.imieuropain.org/ for details). Eli Lilly and Company United Kingdom: We would like to thank Dr Gary Gilmour for his assistance in bringing forward this publication. Karolinska Institute: A. Delaney also received funding from Ulla & Gustaf af Ugglas Foundation; EU Project FP7-Health-2013-Innovation-1602919-2. Boehringer Ingelheim: We would like to thank Stacey Gould for technical assistance.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Don Esteban Mandillo Alcalde Constitucional de esta capital y presidente de su M. I. Ayuntamiento hago saber : que habiendose recibido el parte de haberse desarrollado en la Ciudad de Las Palmas de la isla de Canaria el cólera-morbo epidémico ..

Se trata del bando especificando las medidas de higiene pública adoptadas por el Ayuntamiento de Santa Cruz de Tenerife para prevenir la epidemia de cólera-morboTexto firmado por el alcalde de Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Esteban MandilloTexto fechado en Santa Cruz de Tenerife a 7 de junio de 1851Hoja impresa por una sola car

Prolonged Voluntary Running Negatively Affects Survival and Disease Prognosis of Male SOD1G93A Low-Copy Transgenic Mice

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a disease in which physical activity plays a controversial role. Epidemiological studies indicate an association between intense exercise and risk of developing ALS. To study the impact of physical activity on ALS, mouse models rely mostly on forced exercise. In this study we hypothesized that voluntary wheel running could represent a better model of the influence of exercise in the pathogenesis of ALS. We used an automated home-cage running-wheel system that enables individual monitoring of performance. To verify the effect of voluntary running on disease progression, prognosis and survival as well as motor functions, we challenged SOD1G93A low-copy male and female mice on one (1 RW, at age 24 weeks) or multiple (3 RW) running sessions at age 13, 18, and 24 weeks. In parallel we measured performance on Rotarod and Grip strength tests at different ages. Several parameters were analyzed through Principal Component Analysis in order to detect what indices correlate and may be useful for deeper understanding of the relation between exercise and disease development. We found mutant male mice more negatively affected than females by prolonged and repeated exercise. SOD1G93A low-copy male mice showed shorter survival, increased body weight loss and poorer disease prognosis when exposed to multiple running sessions. These findings could encourage the investigation of the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the supposedly increased risk to develop ALS in humans engaged in specific and intense exercise activities

CXCR2 increases in ALS cortical neurons and its inhibition prevents motor neuron degeneration in vitro and improves neuromuscular function in SOD1G93A mice

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by depletion of motor neurons (MNs), for which effective medical treatments are still required. Previous transcriptomic analysis revealed the up-regulation of C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2)-mRNA in a subset of sporadic ALS patients and SOD1G93A mice. Here, we confirmed the increase of CXCR2 in human ALS cortex, and showed that CXCR2 is mainly localized in cell bodies and axons of cortical neurons. We also investigated the effects of reparixin, an allosteric inhibitor of CXCR2, in degenerating human iPSC-derived MNs and SOD1G93A mice. In vitro, reparixin rescued MNs from apoptotic cell death, preserving neuronal morphology, mitochondrial membrane potential and cytoplasmic membrane integrity, whereas in vivo it improved neuromuscular function of SOD1G93A mice. Altogether, these data suggest a role for CXCR2 in ALS pathology and support its pharmacological inhibition as a candidate therapeutic strategy against ALS at least in a specific subgroup of patients

A systematic review of the development and application of home cage monitoring in laboratory mice and rats

Funding Information: Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. VV is supported by Jane and Aatos Erkko Foundation. Funding Information: The Vienna BioCenter Core Facilities (VBCF) Preclinical Phenotyping Facility acknowledges funding from the Austrian Federal Ministry of Education, Science & Research; and the City of Vienna. Funding Information: This article is based upon work from COST Action “Improving biomedical research by automated behaviour monitoring in the animal home-cage” (TEATIME; CA20135; cost-teatime.org) supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). Funding Information: PK, PM, AJ, BL, CTR, LL, and KH were funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy—EXC 2002/1 “Science of Intelligence” —project number 390523135. Funding Information: This article is based upon work from COST Action “Improving biomedical research by automated behaviour monitoring in the animal home-cage” (TEATIME; CA20135; cost-teatime.org) supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). Publisher Copyright: © 2023, The Author(s).Background: Traditionally, in biomedical animal research, laboratory rodents are individually examined in test apparatuses outside of their home cages at selected time points. However, the outcome of such tests can be influenced by various factors and valuable information may be missed when the animals are only monitored for short periods. These issues can be overcome by longitudinally monitoring mice and rats in their home cages. To shed light on the development of home cage monitoring (HCM) and the current state-of-the-art, a systematic review was carried out on 521 publications retrieved through PubMed and Web of Science. Results: Both the absolute (~ × 26) and relative (~ × 7) number of HCM-related publications increased from 1974 to 2020. There was a clear bias towards males and individually housed animals, but during the past decade (2011–2020), an increasing number of studies used both sexes and group housing. In most studies, animals were kept for short (up to 4 weeks) time periods in the HCM systems; intermediate time periods (4–12 weeks) increased in frequency in the years between 2011 and 2020. Before the 2000s, HCM techniques were predominantly applied for less than 12 h, while 24-h measurements have been more frequent since the 2000s. The systematic review demonstrated that manual monitoring is decreasing in relation to automatic techniques but still relevant. Until (and including) the 1990s, most techniques were applied manually but have been progressively replaced by automation since the 2000s. Independent of the year of publication, the main behavioral parameters measured were locomotor activity, feeding, and social behaviors; the main physiological parameters were heart rate and electrocardiography. External appearance-related parameters were rarely examined in the home cages. Due to technological progress and application of artificial intelligence, more refined and detailed behavioral parameters have been investigated in the home cage more recently. Conclusions: Over the period covered in this study, techniques for HCM of mice and rats have improved considerably. This development is ongoing and further progress as well as validation of HCM systems will extend the applications to allow for continuous, longitudinal, non-invasive monitoring of an increasing range of parameters in group-housed small rodents in their home cages.publishersversionpublishe

Co-expression of prepulse inhibition and schizophrenia genes in the mouse and human brain

Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder with genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity. Accumulating rare and genome-wide association study (GWAS) common risk variant information has yet to yield robust mechanistic insight. Leveraging large-scale gene deletion mouse phenomic data thus has potential to functionally interrogate and prioritize human disease genes. To this end, we applied a cross-species network-based approach to parse an extensive mouse gene set (188 genes) associated with disrupted prepulse inhibition (PPI), a Schizophrenia endophenotype. Integrating PPI genes with high-resolution mouse and human brain transcriptomic data, we identified functional and disease coherent co-expression modules through hierarchical clustering and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). In two modules, Schizophrenia risk and mouse PPI genes converged based on telencephalic patterning. The associated neuronal genes were highly expressed in cingulate cortex and hippocampus; implicated in synaptic function and neurotransmission and overlapped with the greatest proportion of rare variants. Concordant neuroanatomical patterning revealed novel core Schizophrenia- relevant genes consistent with the Omnigenic hypothesis of complex traits. Among other genes discussed, the developmental and post-synaptic scaffold TANC2 (Tetratricopeptide repeat, ankyrin repeat and coiled-coil containing 2) emerged from both networks as a novel core genetic driver of Schizophrenia altering PPI. As- pects of psychiatric disease comorbidity and phenotypic heterogeneity are also explored. Overall, this study provides a framework and galvanizes the value of mouse preclinical genetics and PPI to prioritize both existing and novel human Schizophrenia candidate genes as druggable targets