Eco-social integration of mobility policies in the EU: how Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans merge different policy dimensions in two Italian cities

openQuesto studio esamina l’integrazione eco-sociale delle politiche per la mobilità dell’Unione europea, con un focus sulla mobilità urbana. La Commissione europea ha riconosciuto la centralità dei trasporti nella realizzazione della libera circolazione degli individui, dei servizi e dei beni, e il loro ruolo essenziale a livello economico. Tuttavia, in quanto custodi di tali opportunità, i sistemi di trasporto sono associati a numerose sfide di natura sociale e ambientale. Infatti, oltre a contribuire all’inasprimento di diversi danni ecologici, questo settore è associato anche a significativi problemi sociali e di disuguaglianza, come l’accesso iniquo ai servizi, problemi sanitari legati alle emissioni di gas serra, le conseguenze dell’inquinamento acustico e il rischio di perdita di posti di lavoro dovuto alla transizione verde e digitale del sistema. Questa analisi sottolinea la necessità di bilanciare gli aspetti economici, sociali ed ambientali all’interno delle politiche per la mobilità sostenibile ed enfatizza l’importanza di integrare tali dimensioni. Inoltre, la ricerca esplora l’evoluzione delle politiche per la mobilità promosse dall’UE e la crescente identificazione dei Piani Urbani della Mobilità Sostenibile (PUMS) come soluzioni per un’efficace fusione delle prospettive ambientali e sociali. In particolare, viene proposta un’analisi dei PUMS elaborati all’interno delle città di Padova e Roma, al fine di esaminare l’influenza della scala sull’integrazione eco-sociale.This study examines the eco-social integration of mobility policies within the European Union, with a specific focus on urban mobility. The European Commission recognizes that transportation is essential for fulfilling the free movement of individuals, services, and goods, and it plays a significant role in the EU’s economy. However, as crucial gatekeepers, transportation systems are associated with various social and environmental challenges that policymakers should consider. While the transport sector contributes to significant environmental damages, it also creates social inequalities and challenges such as equal access to services, health issues, noise pollution, and job loss risk. The study highlights the need to balance economic, social, and environmental aspects in mobility policies and emphasizes the importance of integrating these dimensions. Moreover, this research explores the evolution of EU mobility policies and the increasing focus on Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (SUMPs) as a solution for addressing environmental and social concerns in the EU. In particular, SUMPs are investigated at the micro level through the analysis of the case studies of Padova and Rome, to assess the influence of scale on the integration of eco-social dimensions

Reconstructing the disappeared ‘heart’ of Madrid: the convent of San Felipe El Real as urban setting for political, commercial and cultural life during Modern Age

San Felipe El Real convent was one of the most important epicenters of the political and cultural life in Madrid from its founding in 1544 until its demolition in 1841. Located at the ‘heart’ of the city, San Felipe had not only the church and convent, but also adjacent spaces such as the bleachers and the so-called ‘covachuelas’ (small shops attached to the church walls) that turned this architectural complex into an open space for the city. This paper aims to reconstruct this disappeared ‘heart’ of Madrid through documentary, textual and iconographic sources from 1598 until 171

Storehouses and storage practices in Old Nisa (Turkmenistan)

The article analyses the body of evidence related to the storage and administration of food in Parthian Nisa, according to the results of the recent excavations of the Italian Archaeological Expedition in Turkmenistan. A new corpus of clay sealings, khums (big jars) and ostraka came to light in the so-called SW Building, which, together with the previously known findings from the other buildings of Nisa, gave way to some speculations about the storage and administration practice within the Arsacid citadel. The spatial distribution of the khums gives information on the function of each building and their single rooms; the texts on the ostraka inform us on the nature and quantities of the food stored in the khums; the various ways the sealings were impressed on clay suggest some ideas on the number and roles of the officers involved in the administration of the storehouses, and perhaps on the nature of the goods stored as well. In general, the findings from the latest excavations provide fundamental information on the economic life of the citadel and of the Parthian society as well. Despite the lack of scholarly debate on such issues as related to the Parthian and Central Asian world, the authors try to interpret the evidence from the Nisa excavations, and give a preliminary reading of the data from the new and old excavations in the Arsacid citadel

Relevance of Chemico-Osmotic and Electro-Osmotic Phenomena in Bentonite-Based Barriers

Osmosis is known to play a key role in reducing the transport rate of contaminants through the natural and engineered clay barriers that are used for a number of geoenvironmental applications, such as the lining of landfills and the deep geological disposal of radioactive wastes. Although a significant body of experimental research has focused on the quantification of osmotic phenomena in smectite clays permeated with single-electrolyte solutions, no evidence has been provided about the membrane behaviour of clays in solute mixtures and, specifically, about the so-called osmotic anomalies (i.e. membrane efficiency coefficient outside the 0 to 1 range) that have been documented in the biological and chemical literature for fine-porous charged diaphragms in the presence of two or more electrolytes. In view of the similarities between such fine-porous media and smectite clays, the aim of the paper is to discuss the conditions under which bentonite-based barriers are expected to exhibit the aforementioned osmotic anomalies, which are shown to be caused by the different diffusivities and electrochemical valences of the migrating cations

Strain-controlled oedometer test for the measurement of the chemico-osmotic properties of bentonites

The possibility of relating the macroscopic transport properties and the swelling behaviour of bentonites to a limited number of physico-chemical and fabric parameters has been investigated by means of a new laboratory apparatus, which allows the reflection coefficient, which is also known as the membrane efficiency coefficient, and the swell coefficient to be simultaneously determined on the same clay specimen. The results of two multi-stage tests, which were performed on a natural sodium bentonite under fully saturated conditions, while varying both the specimen porosity and the salt concentration of the equilibrium solutions, have been interpreted through a physically-based model in which the pore-scale electro-chemical interactions be-tween the solid skeleton, the aqueous phase and the ion species are explicitly taken into account. The efficiency of the tested bentonite in acting as a semi-permeable membrane and its swelling behaviour have been found to be accurately simulated when a single fabric parameter, referred to as the solid charge coefficient, is calibrated on the available experimental dataset, thus suggesting that the containment performance of bentonite-based barriers, used for a number of geoenvironmental applications, may be predicted on the basis of the results of a strain-controlled oedometer test

Actitudes relacionadas con la ciencia : una revisión conceptual

This study starts from some previous reports about science related attitudes and the main achievements and contributions to this area along the last decades. The core of these reflections is reviewed here: to define more accurately the attitude objects in science, to obtain more valid and reliable instruments of assessment, the factors and variables correlated with attitudes, the contributions of the Science-Technology-Society movement, and, as a theoretical framework, the attention to the models of attitudes suggested by the Social Psychology. As a synthesis aimed to help science researchers and teachers, a taxonomy of science related attitudes is suggested here to enhance the education of attitudes as a tool to achieve a humanistic scientific literacy in students

La relevancia de la educación científica : actitudes y valores de los estudiantes relacionados con la ciencia y la tecnología

La relevancia de la educación científica (ROSE) es un programa internacional de investigación comparativa basado en un cuestionario que explora los factores afectivos de la educación científica desde la perspectiva de los que aprenden. El proyecto pretende conocer las opiniones y percepciones que constituyan condiciones relevantes y necesarias para un aprendizaje eficaz de las ciencias. Los datos expuestos proceden de cuatro escalas ROSE: mis opiniones sobre la ciencia y tecnología, mis clases de ciencias, los desafíos medioambientales y mi trabajo futuro. Los resultados en estos temas afectivos muestran una actitud positiva general hacia la ciencia y el medio ambiente, un rechazo claro de los trabajos de ciencia y de tecnología, una orientación principal hacia un trabajo futuro que ofrezca la autoactualización y diferencias de género significativas, así como otros detalles.The Relevance of Science Education project (ROSE) is an international comparative questionnaire-based programme of research that explores a range of affective factors of school science education from the perspective of learners. The project is aimed to know the learners' views and perceptions which are relevant and necessary conditions for effective science education. The data reported here derive from the application of four ROSE questionnaires: My opinions about science and technology, My science classes, Me and the environmental challenges, and My future job. The results on these affective topics display a general positive attitude on science and environment, a clear reject of science and technology jobs, a prevalent self-actualization orientation on a future job, and some significant gender differences, as well as many other details. Keywords. Attitude evaluation, scientific and technological education, gender differences, image of science, attitudes toward the school science, environmental attitudes, job expectations