Struktur Sastra Lisan Bugis

viii+223hlm.;21c

Generalized Radial Transport Model for Interpreting Convergent Flow Tracer Tests in Fractured Rock

The double-porosity Generalized Radial Transport (GRT) model is an extension of the generalized radial flow approach developed for hydraulic test interpretation. In both approaches, a flow dimension characterizes the change in flow area versus radial distance from the borehole. The GRT model collapses to a 1D, radial, and spherical advection dispersion equation (ADE) for integer flow dimensions of 1, 2, and 3, respectively. And, the model also transforms to sub-linear, sub-radial, sub-spherical and eventually transform to super-spherical transport model for non-integer flow dimension, n of 0 \u3c n \u3c 1, 1 \u3c n \u3c 2, 2 \u3c n \u3c 3 and n \u3e3 respectively. Non-integer flow dimensions, especially sub-radial, are commonly reported from pumping tests in fractured rock systems and can be linked with aquifer geometry and heterogeneity. We consider the impact of sub-radial flow dimensions on convergent flow tracer tests in fractured rock. In comparison to radial transport, sub-radial transport leads to higher velocities, much earlier arrival times, and higher peak concentrations in breakthrough curves. Faster advective transport leads to less diffusion into fracture-bounded matrix blocks and steeper slopes of late time concentrations. Larger blocks, corresponding to slower diffusion rates, are undersampled. Transport and diffusion parameters estimated from sub-radial tracer tests using a radial ADE will lead to underestimates of dispersivity and diffusive capacity and overestimates of diffusion rate. Then, we compare the results of double porosity, radial transport and GRT interpretations of convergent flow tests conducted in a fractured dolomite in southeastern New Mexico

Issue of Dalit Identity and the Partition of Bengal

This paper attempts to present the history of partition of Bengal and the issues of Dalit communities that they faced during and aftermath of partition of India in 1947. It presents the experiences of the ‘Chhotolok’ or Dalits and the sufferings they encountered because of the bifurcation of the Bengal province. The paper deals with the migration process in Bengal side and the treatment of government and higher-class societies towards lower class/caste people in their ‘new homeland’. The paper presents an account of representation of Dalits in Bengali partition narratives and the literature written by Dalit writers. The paper also presents their struggles in Dandyakaranya forest and the incident of Marichjhapi Massacre in post-partition Bengal as depicted in several Bengali partition novels written in Bengali and English language

Standard Heterosis of Maize (Zea Mays L.) Genotypes for Grain Yield and Yield Related Traits in Mid-Altitude Agro-Ecology of Ethiopia

A line x tester analysis involving sixty four test-crosses generated by crossing 32 elite maize inbred lines with two testers and two standard checks was evaluated for yield and yield related traits in 6x11 alpha lattice design replicated twice during 2017 cropping season at Bako National Maize Research Center. The study was designed to estimate the amount of standard heterosis of the hybrids for grain yield and yield related traits. From this study, considerable standard heterosis for all traits over both commercial checks was manifested. For grain yield, the highest standard heterosis was recorded for L17xT1 (61.75 %) and (41.46%) over BH546 and BH547, respectively, indicating the presence of substantial heterotic potential that could be exploited in maize breeding program and possibility of developing desirable  cross  combinations  through  crossing  of inbred lines with desirable traits of interest. Cross L3xT2 manifested negative standard heterosis over BH546 and BH547 for days to anthesis, silking and maturity that indicate earliness of the crosses in maturity as compared to both standard checks. Similarly, most of the crosses showed positive standard heterosis for biomass yield, harvest index, ear per plant, ear length, ear diameter, rows per ear, kernel per rows and thousand kernel weights over both commercial checks. In general, information from this study could be valuable for researchers who intend to develop high yielding maize varieties. Keywords: Maize, Standard Heterosis, Grain Yield. DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/11-4-03 Publication date: February 28th 202

Using Muslims Mannerism and Habits (UMMAH): An Early Warning Strategy for Countering Violent Extremism

The fight against terrorism has long relied on military intervention and hard power strategy to curb terror threats. Current reality and the spade at which youths who are radicalized under the banner of religion to carry out terrorist activities has called for more attention paid on alternative counterterrorism (CT) measures and policies. CT initiatives should be broadened to accommodate soft power approach that interrupts the radicalization and recruitment of civilians into violent extremism and terrorism. It is revealed that more terrorist actions and violent extremism had been undertaking by youths that professed the Islamic faith more than any in the 21st century. The worrisome trend has called the development of UMMAH as a CT strategy to understand the narratives and messaging exploited by recruiters and facilitators of violent extremism as a religious obligation. The strategy demands a counter narrative and messages that would replace the message of hate, violence and bigotry, with love, peace, tolerance and coexistence

Community acquired pneumonia in adults admitted to general hospital in Sumare-SP

Orientador: Maria Rita de Camargo Donalisio CordeiroDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias MedicasResumo: Pneumonia Adquirida na Comunidade (PAC) é aquela que acomete o paciente fora do ambiente hospitalar ou que surge nas primeiras 48 horas da internação. A pneumonia é uma doença grave associada a significativa morbidade e mortalidade em adultos e sua taxa de mortalidade hospitalar vem crescendo, apesar dos avanços dos meios diagnósticos e terapêuticos. Neste contexto, o estabelecimento das características clínicas e microbiológicas da PAC, numa determinada região, pode trazer melhorias no seu manejo com impacto econômico e social. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os fatores de risco relacionados com o óbito e a evolução clínica da PAC, considerando-se o seu perfil microbiológico, sua relação com antecedentes epidemiológicos, vacinais e variáveis clínicas. Foi realizado um estudo descritivo prospectivo dos casos de PAC (61) em indivíduos maiores de 14 anos admitidos no Hospital Estadual Sumaré (HES), referência para atendimento hospitalar da microrregião de Sumaré, SP, no período de outubro de 2005 a setembro de 2007. Foi ajustado modelo de regressão logística múltipla, tendo-se como variável dependente evolução desfavorável, isto é, aqueles com internação maior que 10 dias, necessidade de internação em UTI ou óbitos. Não houve associação entre sexo, tabagismo, etilismo, passado vacinal ou presença de comorbidades com a evolução desfavorável do caso. Mudança de antibioticoterapia (RR = 2,22; IC 95%: 1,32 - 3,72), necessidade de fisioterapia respiratória (RR = 2,42; IC 95%: 1,21 - 4,87) e utilização de oxigenioterapia (RR = 2,40; IC 95%: 1,45 - 3,99) apresentaram associação com caso grave. Valores alterados de creatinina (p=0,05) e albumina (p=0,01) séricas foram identificados como fatores de risco relacionados com evolução desfavorável. A etiologia foi definida em 57,4% dos casos. O Streptococcus pneumoniae (19,7%) foi o agente de maior expressividade seguido da Chlamydophila pneumoniae (16,4%). Receberam alta hospitalar por cura, 80,3% dos pacientes e foram registrados três óbitos (4,9%). Embora a casuística deste estudo seja limitada, os achados demonstraram que o perfil microbiológico local reflete os apontados na literatura, e permitiram identificar a creatinina sérica e a albumina sérica como fatores de risco, possivelmente relacionados com evolução desfavorável da PAC na população estudadaAbstract: Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) is the one which is contracted by the patient outside hospital environment or manifests itself in the first 48 hours after first being admitted in the facility. Pneumonia is a severe disease associated with high mortality and morbidity ratings in adults and these ratings have been increasing despite advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic techniques. In this context, establishing the clinic and microbiologic characteristics of CAP, in a certain region, may result in advancements in the handling of its economical and social impact. The objective of this study was to analyze the risk factors related to death in CAP¿s clinical evolution, to study its microbiologic factors, its epidemiologic and vaccination background and clinical variables, besides the cases evolution. A descriptive prospective study of CAP¿s cases (61) was conducted in individuals with more than 14 years of age, admitted in the Hospital Estadual de Sumaré (HES), a reference in hospital treatment in Sumaré¿s micro region, SP, from October 2005 to September 2007. A multiple logistic regression model was adjusted, having as dependent variable unfavorable evolution (cases in which the hospitalization period was greater than 10 days or resulted in death). There was no association between gender, smoking, drinking, vaccination background or presence of comorbities in the unfavorable outcome of the cases. Changes in the antibiotic therapy (RR = 2.22; IC 95%: 1.32 ¿ 3.72), necessity of respiratory physiotherapy (RR = 2.42; IC 95%: 1.21 ¿ 4.87) and oxygen therapy (RR = 2.40; IC 95%: 1.45 ¿ 3.99) presented association with severe cases. The etiology was defined in 57.4% of the cases. Streptococcus pneumoniae (19.7%) was the agent with the highest expressiveness, followed by Chlamydophila pneumoniae (16.4%). The percentage of patients discharged after being cured was 80.3 % and three deaths were registered (4.9%). Although this study¿s casuistry was limited, the findings demonstrated that the local microbiologic profile reflects those in medical literature, and allowed the identification of blood creatinine (p=0.05) and albumin (p=0.01) as risk factors related to unfavorable evolution in CAP concerning the studied populationMestradoEpidemiologiaMestre em Saude Coletiv

Evaluation of heavy metals contamination in the sediments of some selected water of South Senatorial District of Niger State, Nigeria

The present study was conducted to evaluate the level of contamination of heavy metals in the sediment samples of some water of south senatorial district of Niger State, Nigeria. Composite surface sediment samples (54) were collected from the fore, middle, and rear parts of the six (6) selected water bodies; digested and analysed for heavy metal concentration following the standard methods. The results obtained illustrated the decreasing concentrations of the heavy metals in the order of Fe (197.9±47.6) > Mn (77.32±15.83) > Zn (15.37±2.65) > Cr (13.04±1.43) > Pb (2.50±0.56) > Cd (0.72±0.1) mg Kg-1. The overall concentrations of the studied metals were below the continental crust values as well as the sediment quality guidelines utilized in this study. Enrichment Factor (0.51 to 24.97) indicated a no to moderate enrichment for the heavy metals. The contamination factor ranged from 0.22 to 2.61 for the heavy metals. The degree of contamination of the sediment samples revealed a low degree of contamination in the sediment samples for all the sites. The geo-accumulation index illustrated none to moderate pollution (Class 0,3,4) of the sediment samples by the heavy metals. However, a negative moderate relationship existed between redox potential and pH; and between conductivity and chromium showing their dependence on each other. Thus, this study presents an indication of heavy metal contamination process in the selected water bodies and may serves a guide to other studies of metropolitan water bodies in order to determine for suitable remediation procedure

Shea (Vitellaria paradoxa) Pulp Juice Production and Quality Evaluation via Proximate and Mineral Composition Analyses

Shea trees (Vitellaria paradoxa) are common in African countries such as Nigeria, Ghana, Uganda, Sudan, and others. When fully ripe, the Shea tree's green fruit turns yellow. The tree is well-known and valued for its versatility. Its entire composition is useful in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Among its applications is the production of butter from the nuts, while the rest of the fruit is left to rot or discarded. This study focuses on using other parts of the fruit to create a new product, reduce waste, and expand the Shea value chain. Three formulations of Shea fruit juice were created. The juice were evaluated for nutritional, physicochemical, and mineral compositions. The nutritional composition revealed a high moisture content that ranged from 84.39 to 93.01%, high carbohydrate and caloric values, ranging from 5.84 to 8.96% and 33.51 to 67.31%, respectively. It also had a high concentration of vitamin C (16.45 - 38.99 percent). The mineral composition was observed to increase as the Shea pulp percentage increased. Magnesium was observed to be higher in sample C (36.71±0.24) while sample A recorded a lower magnesium content (18.04±0.06). Calcium was also found to be present in high concentrations (30.07 - 50.64 %). The juice's potassium content ranged from 58.6 - 50.54% in sample C to 24.6 - 60.16% in sample A. The physicochemical analysis revealed a close range of p H values (5.37 - 6.06 %) between the samples and the control, making the juice less susceptible to spoilage. Overall, the results presented a high-quality juice that could compete favorably in the market with other fruit juices

Clinical, epidemiological, and etiological profile of inpatients with community-acquired pneumonia at a general hospital in the Sumaré microregion of Brazil

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical, etiological, and epidemiological aspects of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in hospitalized individuals. METHODS: We prospectively studied 66 patients (&gt; 14 years of age) with CAP admitted to the Hospital Estadual Sumaré, located in the Sumaré microregion of Brazil, between October of 2005 and September of 2007. We collected data related to clinical history, physical examination, pneumonia severity index (PSI) scores, and laboratory tests (blood culture; sputum smear microscopy and culture; serology for Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Legionella pneumophila; and detection of Legionella sp. and Streptococcus pneumoniae antigens in urine). RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 53 years. Most had a low level of education, and 55.7% presented with at least one comorbidity at the time of hospitalization. The proportion of elderly people vaccinated against influenza was significantly lower among the inpatients than in the general population of the Sumaré microregion (52.6% vs. &gt; 70%). Fever was less common among the elderly patients (p < 0.05). The clinical evolution was associated with the PSI scores but not with age. The etiology was confirmed in 31 cases (50.8%) and was attributed to S. pneumoniae, principally detected by the urinary antigen test, in 21 (34.4%), followed by C. pneumoniae, in 5 (8.2%). The mortality rate was 4.9%, and 80.3% of the patients were classified as cured at discharge. CONCLUSIONS: The knowledge of the etiologic profile of CAP at the regional level favors the appropriate choice of empirical treatment, which is particularly relevant in elderly patients and in those with comorbidities. The lack of influenza vaccination in elderly patients is a risk factor for hospitalization due to CAP.OBJETIVO: Analisar aspectos clínicos, etiológicos e epidemiológicos das pneumonias adquiridas na comunidade (PAC) em indivíduos internados. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados prospectivamente 66 pacientes com PAC maiores de 14 anos no Hospital Estadual Sumaré, localizado na cidade de Sumaré (SP), entre outubro de 2005 e setembro de 2007. Coletamos dados sobre história clínica, exame clínico, escore pneumonia severity index (PSI) e exames laboratoriais (hemocultura, bacterioscopia/cultura de escarro, sorologias para Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae e Legionella pneumophila, além de antígenos urinários de Legionella sp. e Streptococcus pneumoniae). RESULTADOS: A idade média dos pacientes foi de 53 anos, a maioria tinha baixa escolaridade, e 55,7% apresentavam pelo menos uma comorbidade no momento da internação. O percentual de idosos vacinados contra influenza entre os internados foi significativamente menor que os da comunidade dos municípios da microrregião de Sumaré (52,6% vs. &gt; 70%). A febre foi menos frequente entre os idosos (p < 0,05). A evolução clínica se associou com o escore PSI, mas não com a idade. A etiologia foi confirmada em 31 (50,8%) dos casos, sendo 21 (34,4%) devido a S. pneumoniae, detectado principalmente pelo antígeno urinário; seguido de C. pneumoniae, em 5 (8,2%). Receberam alta hospitalar por cura 80,3% dos pacientes. A taxa de letalidade foi de 4,9%. CONCLUSÕES: O conhecimento do perfil etiológico de PAC no âmbito regional favorece a escolha adequada da terapia empírica, que é particularmente relevante em pacientes idosos e naqueles com comorbidades. A falta da vacinação contra influenza em idosos é um fator de risco de internação por PAC.20020

USO DO FÓRCEPS: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

Introduction The Chamberlen family invented obstetric forceps in the 1600s, and since then there have been several hundred versions. Currently, the two most commonly used types in the UK are Neville Barnes' (NBF) and Wrigley Forceps (WF). Methodology A search was made at the bases Science Direct, Pub Med and Google Scholar for recent publications on the use of forceps using the keyword: forceps use. The selection of potential studies to be included was done by reviewing the titles, abstracts and date of publication, selecting only articles in English. Finally, 21 articles were included for the review. There was no selection based on the study methodology, so several types of articles were included. Results The rate of instrumental deliveries is declining, particularly the use of forceps, which is more or less out of practice in some European countries such as Romania. Rates of instrumental vaginal delivery vary widely, from 0.5% in Romania to 16.4% in Ireland, with a median value of 7.5% in Europe. Conclusion There are more vacuum deliveries being performed in Europe and in other countries by obstetricians. However, many obstetricians prefer to use vacuum extraction devices than forceps, or perform cesarean deliveries instead of operative vaginal delivery in general, with fear of litigation, and the belief that these are safer options.RESUMO Introdução A família Chamberlen inventou o fórceps obstétrico nos anos 1600 e, desde então, tem havido várias centenas de versões. Atualmente, os dois tipos mais usados no Reino Unido são Neville Barnes '(NBF) e o fórceps de Wrigley (WF). Metodologia Foi realizada uma pesquisa nas bases Science Direct, Pub Med e Google Scholar para publicações recentes sobre o uso do fórceps utilizando a palavra chave: forceps use. A seleção de estudos potenciais a serem incluídos foi feita revisando os títulos, resumos e data de publicação, sendo selecionados apenas artigos em inglês. Finalmente, foram incluídos para a revisão 21 artigos. Não houve seleção com base na metodologia do estudo, de modo que foram incluídos vários tipos de artigos. Resultados A taxa de partos instrumentais está diminuindo, particularmente o uso de fórceps, que está mais ou menos fora de prática em alguns países europeus como a Romênia. As taxas de parto vaginal instrumental variam amplamente, de 0,5% na Romênia a 16,4% na Irlanda, com um valor mediano de 7,5% na Europa. Conclusão Há mais partos a vácuo sendo realizadas na Europa e em outros países pelos obstetras. No entanto, muitos obstetras preferem usar dispositivos de extração a vácuo do que fórceps, ou realizar cesarianas em vez de partos vaginais operatórios em geral, com medo de litígio, e a crença de que essas são opções mais seguras.&nbsp;&nbsp; Palavras-chave: fórceps obstétrico, partos instrumentais, uso de fórceps. ABSTRACT Introduction The Chamberlen family invented obstetric forceps in the 1600s, and since then there have been several hundred versions. Currently, the two most commonly used types in the UK are Neville Barnes' (NBF) and Wrigley Forceps (WF). Methodology A search was made at the bases Science Direct, Pub Med and Google Scholar for recent publications on the use of forceps using the keyword: forceps use. The selection of potential studies to be included was done by reviewing the titles, abstracts and date of publication, selecting only articles in English. Finally, 21 articles were included for the review. There was no selection based on the study methodology, so several types of articles were included. Results The rate of instrumental deliveries is declining, particularly the use of forceps, which is more or less out of practice in some European countries such as Romania. Rates of instrumental vaginal delivery vary widely, from 0.5% in Romania to 16.4% in Ireland, with a median value of 7.5% in Europe. Conclusion There are more vacuum deliveries being performed in Europe and in other countries by obstetricians. However, many obstetricians prefer to use vacuum extraction devices than forceps, or perform cesarean deliveries instead of operative vaginal delivery in general, with fear of litigation, and the belief that these are safer options. Keywords: obstetric forceps, instrumental deliveries, forceps use