Features of application of methods of evaluation of physical development of young athletes in order to maintain health

This article examines the importance of the physical development of children to determine the level of health, known methods of estimation of physical development of children at the stage of admission in school sports and the value of these methods to preserve the physical health of young sportsmen at the stage of elementary education in sports schoolsВ статье исследуется значение физического развития детей для определения уровня здоровья, популярные методики оценки физического развития детей на этапе поступления в спортивную школу и значение данных методик для сохранения физического здоровья юных спортсменов на этапе начального обучения в спортивных школа

Неотложная травматология в НИИ скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского: история и современность

The purpose of this work was to study the history of the development of traumatology-orthopedics at the N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine.Traumatology as an independent discipline began to form at the N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine during the reign of Professor S.S. Yudin (chief surgeon since 1928), who invited the famous Argentinean traumatologist-orthopedist Professor Lelio Zeno to work at the institute.In 1932, the trauma department of the N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine was headed by Professor V.V. Gorinevskaya. She organized a 100-bed trauma clinic for the treatment of injuries to the head, spine, limbs, chest and abdominal cavity. She is rightfully considered one of the founders of trauma science in the USSR.With the development of traumatology and orthopedics as an independent specialty in 1961, two clinics were formed at the institute. The first trauma clinic was run by Dr. med. sciences professor I.I. Sokolov. The second clinic was headed by Dr. med. Sci. P.N. Petrov.In 1971, Dr. med. Professor, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical and Technical Sciences of the Russian Federation V.P. Okhotsky was appointed the head of the traumatological service of the institute and the chief traumatologist of Moscow (from 1971 to 2001). With his active participation in Moscow, the reorganization of outpatient care was completed, work was widely launched on the medical aspects of the prevention of road traffic injuries and the introduction into practice of the most rational methods of diagnosis and treatment of patients with injuries of the musculoskeletal system. In the N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine A.G. Suvalyan introduced the method of intramedullary osteosynthesis of long tubular bones (humerus, femur and tibia). Under the guidance of prof. V.P. Okhotsky the dissertation researches of A.G. Suvalyan, M.A. Suvalyan and S.S. Myakota were carried out. The expediency of early surgical intervention on the extremities in case of combined traumatic brain injury and multiple trauma of the extremities has also been proven, new functional methods of treatment of diaphyseal fractures of the shoulder, lower leg, spine and intra-articular injuries have been developed.In close scientific cooperation with scientists from other clinics of the institute, a comprehensive method of treating open injuries of the limbs has been developed (dissertation researches of I.F. Byalik, I.Yu. Klyukvin, O.P. Filippov, M.V. Zvezdina, R.S. Titov). Much scientific work has been carried out to improve the diagnosis and treatment of intra-articular injuries of the knee joint (dissertation researches by M.A. Malygina, O.P. Filippov, A.Yu. Vasa).From 2001 to 2016 the head of the department of emergency traumatology of the musculoskeletal system was a student of prof. V.P. Okhotsky – Dr. med. sciences, Professor, Academician of the Academy of Medical and Technical Sciences of the Russian Federation I.Yu. Klyukvin. Since 2016 the department is headed by Dr. med. sciences Alexey M. Fine.The scientific developments of the employees of the Department of Emergency Traumatology have a practical orientation. Every year, the department’s employees successfully perform more than 2500 surgical interventions using advanced low-traumatic techniques, making extensive use of the achievements of biotechnology.Целью данной работы явилось изучение истории развития травматологии-ортопедии в институте скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского.Травматология как самостоятельная дисциплина начала формироваться в институте им. Н.В. Склифосовского еще при профессоре С.С. Юдине (главный хирург с 1928 г.), пригласившем на работу известного аргентинского травматолога-ортопеда профессора Лелио Зено.В 1932 году травматологическое отделение института им. Н.В. Склифосовского возглавила профессор В.В. Гориневская. Ею была организована травматологическая клиника на 100 коек для лечения повреждений головы, позвоночника, конечностей, грудной и брюшной полостей. Она по праву считается одним из основоположников травматологической науки в СССР.По мере развития травматологии и ортопедии как самостоятельной специальности в 1961 году в институте были сформированы две клиники. Первой травматологической клиникой много лет руководил доктор мед. наук профессор И.И. Соколов. Вторую клинику возглавлял доктор мед. наук П.Н. Петров.В 1971 году руководителем травматологической службы института и главным травматологом Москвы (с 1971 по 2001 г.) был назначен доктор мед. наук, профессор, заслуженный деятель науки РФ, академик Российской Академии медико-технических наук РФ В.П. Охотский. При его активном участии в Москве была завершена реорганизация амбулаторной помощи, широко развернута работа по медицинским аспектам профилактики дорожно-транспортного травматизма и внедрению в практику наиболее рациональных способов диагностики и лечения больных с повреждениями опорно-двигательного аппарата. В НИИ СП им. Н.В. Склифосовского А.Г. Суваляном был внедрен метод интрамедуллярного остеосинтеза длинных трубчатых костей (плечевой, бедренной и большеберцовой). Под руководством проф. В.П. Охотского проведены посвященные данному методу диссертационные исследования А.Г. Суваляна, М.А. Суваляна и С.С. Мякоты. Также доказана целесообразность раннего оперативного вмешательства на конечностях при сочетанной черепно-мозговой травме и множественной травме конечностей, созданы новые функциональные методы лечения диафизарных переломов плеча, голени, позвоночника и внутрисуставных повреждений.В тесном научном сотрудничестве с учеными других клиник института разработан комплексный метод лечения открытых повреждений конечностей (диссертационные исследования И.Ф. Бялика, И.Ю. Клюквина, О.П. Филиппова, М.В. Звездиной, Р.С. Титова). Большая научная работа проведена по совершенствованию диагностики и лечения внутрисуставных повреждений коленного сустава (диссертационные исследования М.А. Малыгиной, О.П. Филиппова, А.Ю. Ваза).С 2001 по 2016 г. руководителем отделения неотложной травматологии опорно-двигательного аппарата являлся ученик проф. В.П. Охотского — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, академик Академии медико-технических наук РФ И.Ю. Клюквин. С 2016 г. отделением руководит доктор мед. наук Алексей Максимович Файн.Научные разработки сотрудников отделения неотложной травматологии имеют практическую направленность. Ежегодно в отделении успешно выполняются более 2500 оперативных вмешательств с применением передовых малотравматичных методик и широким использованием достижений биотехнологии

EFFECT OF COOLING DURING HIGH-TEMPERATURE PROCESSING ON THE STRUCTURE AND WEAR RESISTANCE OF THE NiCrBSiCO ATING OBTAINED BY LASER CLADDING

The influence of the processes of dissolution and precipitation of strengthening phases during high.temperature processing of the NiCrBSi laser clad coating on the microhardness and abrasive wear resistance during sliding over the fixed abrasive is considered.Рассмотрено влияние процессов растворения и выделения упрочняющих фаз при высокотемпературной обработке NiCrBSi.покрытия, сформированного лазерной наплавкой, на микротвердость и абразивную износостойкость при скольжении по закрепленному абразиву.Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда (проект № 19-79-00031). Экспериментальные исследования выполнены на оборудовании ЦКП «Пластометрия» ИМАШ УрО РАН

NICKEL BASED WEAR-RESISTANT COATING FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE APPLICATIONS IN METALLURGY

The predominant role of strengthening phases in the abrasive wear resistance of NiCrBSi coatings and the highest efficiency of composite coatings application is established. The formation of thermally stable structures after high-temperature annealing is substantiated. The proposed approaches are used for the production of mold walls of continuous casting machines.Установлена превалирующая роль упрочняющих фаз в сопротивлении NiCrBSi.покрытий абразивному изнашиванию и наибольшая эффективность применения композиционных покрытий. Обоснован эффект формирования термически стабильных структур в результате высокотемпературного отжига. Предложенные подходы использованы в технологии производства стенок кристаллизаторов машин непрерывного литья заготовок.Работа выполнена в рамках государственных заданий ИФМ УрО РАН по темам «Структура» (№ АААА-А18-118020190116-6), «Лазер» и ИМАШ УрО РАН по теме № АААА-А18-118020790147-4

Challenges in QCD matter physics - The Compressed Baryonic Matter experiment at FAIR

Substantial experimental and theoretical efforts worldwide are devoted to explore the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter. At LHC and top RHIC energies, QCD matter is studied at very high temperatures and nearly vanishing net-baryon densities. There is evidence that a Quark-Gluon-Plasma (QGP) was created at experiments at RHIC and LHC. The transition from the QGP back to the hadron gas is found to be a smooth cross over. For larger net-baryon densities and lower temperatures, it is expected that the QCD phase diagram exhibits a rich structure, such as a first-order phase transition between hadronic and partonic matter which terminates in a critical point, or exotic phases like quarkyonic matter. The discovery of these landmarks would be a breakthrough in our understanding of the strong interaction and is therefore in the focus of various high-energy heavy-ion research programs. The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment at FAIR will play a unique role in the exploration of the QCD phase diagram in the region of high net-baryon densities, because it is designed to run at unprecedented interaction rates. High-rate operation is the key prerequisite for high-precision measurements of multi-differential observables and of rare diagnostic probes which are sensitive to the dense phase of the nuclear fireball. The goal of the CBM experiment at SIS100 (sqrt(s_NN) = 2.7 - 4.9 GeV) is to discover fundamental properties of QCD matter: the phase structure at large baryon-chemical potentials (mu_B > 500 MeV), effects of chiral symmetry, and the equation-of-state at high density as it is expected to occur in the core of neutron stars. In this article, we review the motivation for and the physics programme of CBM, including activities before the start of data taking in 2022, in the context of the worldwide efforts to explore high-density QCD matter.Comment: 15 pages, 11 figures. Published in European Physical Journal

PHENOTYPIC AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MICROVESICLES PRODUCED BY NATURAL KILLER CELLS

Natural killer (NK) cells are of special interest among a multitude of microvesicle (MV) source cells. NK cells are a lymphocyte subpopulation performing contact cytolysis of virus-infected cells and tumor cells. Each of the NK cell populations has a unique receptor repertoire on its surface and, thus, unique functions. During their contact with a target cell, the most common mechanism of cytolysis is an exocytosis of lytic granules. However, some indirect evidence suggests that MV with CD56 phenotype and leukocyte-derived MV with various phenotypes are present in the peripheral blood plasma.This research is aimed to study the phenotype, composition and cytotoxic activity of microvesicles produced by NK cells. The analysis of receptor expression showed that MV, as well as source cells of the NK-92 cell line, had a similar CD56 molecule expression profile. The expression profile in MV differs from the same in source cells by higher CD119 and CD11b expression and by lower CD18 expression. Culturing of NK-92 cells in the presence of PMA, IL-1β, TNFα, IFNγ resulted in alterations of cell phenotypes and MV. Immunoblots revealed a change of perforin and granzyme B (GrB) in MV. The analysis of the cytotoxic activity of NK-92 cells in a natural killer in vitro assay employing K562 target cells demonstrated that MV obtained from TNFα-activated cells of the NK-92 cell line increased the cytotoxicity of the same TNFα-activated NK-92 cells regarding cytotoxicity levels. This coincides with the previously revealed increased content of GrB in MV obtained from TNFα-activated cells of the NK-92 cell line. To sum up depending on the cytokine NK-92 cells produce MV that differ in their phenotype, composition and activity. Any changes in MV composition can result in changes in their functional activity: in particular, changes can increase the cytotoxic activity of NK cells of the NK-92 cell line. Thus, besides a well-known and proved way for GrB delivery to a target cell, we can suggest an additional way – the transportation of GrB within MV

Observation of an Excited Bc+ State

Using pp collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 8.5 fb-1 recorded by the LHCb experiment at center-of-mass energies of s=7, 8, and 13 TeV, the observation of an excited Bc+ state in the Bc+π+π- invariant-mass spectrum is reported. The observed peak has a mass of 6841.2±0.6(stat)±0.1(syst)±0.8(Bc+) MeV/c2, where the last uncertainty is due to the limited knowledge of the Bc+ mass. It is consistent with expectations of the Bc∗(2S31)+ state reconstructed without the low-energy photon from the Bc∗(1S31)+→Bc+γ decay following Bc∗(2S31)+→Bc∗(1S31)+π+π-. A second state is seen with a global (local) statistical significance of 2.2σ (3.2σ) and a mass of 6872.1±1.3(stat)±0.1(syst)±0.8(Bc+) MeV/c2, and is consistent with the Bc(2S10)+ state. These mass measurements are the most precise to date

Observation of the doubly charmed baryon decay Ξcc++→Ξc′+π+

The Ξcc++→Ξc′+π+ decay is observed using proton-proton collisions collected by the LHCb experiment at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.4 fb−1. The Ξcc++→Ξc′+π+ decay is reconstructed partially, where the photon from the Ξc′+→Ξc+γ decay is not reconstructed and the pK−π+ final state of the Ξc+ baryon is employed. The Ξcc++→Ξc′+π+branching fraction relative to that of the Ξcc++→Ξc+π+ decay is measured to be 1.41 ± 0.17 ± 0.10, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. [Figure not available: see fulltext.