Development and Evaluation of Gastro-retentive Floating Tablet of Rilpivirine Hydrochloride for the Treatment of HIV

Besides enormous improvements in drug delivery, oral route has been highly and effectively utilized route of administration. Floating drug delivery that is also known to be low density system is advancement in the class of gastro-retentive drug delivery system. In the present research work, floating drug delivery of Rilpivirine hydrochloride was developed by overcoming various limitations and troubles associated with the drug including poor absorption in intestinal pH and degradation when comes in contact with higher pH environment. [2] Prepared formulations were evaluated for various parameters like friability, hardness, thickness, drug content analysis, floating properties and in-vitro drug release study. Based on the evaluation, concluded that floating drug delivery system is a non-toxic as well as cost-effective technique for the rationale of enhancing bioavailability and absorption of poorly water soluble drugs. The improvement in gastric residence time is a clear sign. It can be able to use in the future for more acidic soluble drugs to enhance solubility and absorption. Keywords: Floating drug delivery, gastric residence time, Rilpivirine, effervescent, NNRTI

MUCOADHESIVE CHITOSAN MICROSPHERES OF GEFITINIB

Objective: Gefitinib, Epidermal Growth Factor-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (EGFR-TKI); has promisingly shown activity against Non-Small-Scale Lung Cancer. Currently, the formulations of this drug available are in Tablets, Capsules and liposomal suspensions taken by the oral route. These have certain disadvantages in gastrointestinal disorders like irritation of GI mucosal layer, bleeding, non-patient compliance and low bioavailability due to low aqueous solubility and thus low bioavailability. The purpose of this study was to formulate and evaluate Chitosan-based Microparticles of Gefitinib for maintaining the therapeutic index and limits its side effects.Methods: Chitosan microspheres cross-linked with glutaraldehyde were prepared by solvent evaporation technique which is then analyzed for its particle size, encapsulation efficiency, swelling index.Results: The release rate of the drug can be increased by using chitosan-based carrier system which will enhance its bioavailability. By this work, the anticancer activity of Gefitinib in non-small-scale lung cancer will be successfully determined.Conclusion: It has been concluded that microspheres can be prepared by solvent evaporation technique by varying the concentration of chitosan and tween-20. Chitosan used in this work is of 85 % degree of deacetylation, 25 % solution of Gluteraldehyde suitable for the formulation of these microspheres. Optimized temperature was selected as 65 °C, and the rotation speed was taken as 1200 rpm. Finally, the objectives planned for this research work was performed and evaluated and shown promising results as the dosing frequency is reduced and maximize for 3 d rather than once in a day as per the current formulation available in the market now with a low dosage regimen of 100 mg of dosage strength, administer by pulmonary route. Microparticulate drug delivery system from microspheres is able to deliver the drug in a sustained release manner for the long period of time successfully

OPTIMIZATION OF ADSORPTION PROCESS FOR REMOVAL OF SULPHONATED DI AZO TEXTILE DYE

Treatment of textile waste water has emerged as a great matter of concern amongst scientific community because of essentiality and scarcity of this valuable natural resource. Various techniques have been employed for waste water treatment, amongst which use of natural materials have made a significant contribution in the area of sustainable environment.This paper focuses on the use of the seeds of Argemone Mexicana, a weed for removal of a textile dye from its synthetic solution. Optimisation of several parameters has been carried out for elimination of dye from water resource at neutral conditions. Variation in different parameters affecting decolorization of the dye from aqueous solution, have been studied at length. Maximum decolorization (About 60%) has been observed after four hours with 0.1 g of the elected natural adsorbent obtained after passing through sieve size of 300 µm.

Amino acids as catalysts for the enolisation study of m-Methylacetophenone

AbstractAmino acids have been used as catalysts for the study of kinetic of enolisation of m-Methylacetophenone, in which iodination has been the chosen method. Several parameters like effect of ketone concentration, effect of dielectric constant, effect of catalysts etc. have been investigated for their effect on enolisation kinetics. The study is focused on β-alanine, dl-alanine, l-alanine and Glycine for their effects on the rate. The order of the rate constants obtained has been found to be in the order of increasing dipole moments of the amino acids i.e. l-alanine<Glycine<dl-alanine<β-alanine. With an increase in the temperature from 323K to 338K, an increase in the rate was from 1.3 to 2.12mol−1min−1. The ongoing reaction was found to be bimolecular in nature. The values of different thermodynamic parameters like Entropy (ΔS≠), Enthalpy (ΔH≠), Energy of activation (ΔEa) and Gibbs free energy (ΔF≠) were found to be 6.20e.u., 24.74calmol−1, 25.20kcalmol−1 and 24.54calmol−1 respectively

Analytical Review on Membrane Water Filter using Different Materials to Prevent Microbial Activities

Drinking water quality monitoring technologies have made significant progress in monitoring water resources and water treatment plants. This paper discusses the adverse effect of microbial contamination and also gives a brief description of the important parameters for drinking water and the technologies currently available used in this field. This paper is focused on studying the requirement for the development of low-cost filter materials that can be suitable as well as economical to be produced on a large-scale for real applications. There are several parameters such as porosity, contact angle, water flux, thickness, microbial activity needed to be focused on in the future to study the transformation of the hydrophilic property on the surface of the water

Adsorptive removal of hazardous anionic dye ‘‘Congo red” from wastewater using waste materials and recovery by desorption

The present investigation assesses the applicability of waste materials—bottom ash and deoiled soya—for the removal of the colorant Congo red from wastewaters. The adsorption characteristics and dye removal efficiency of adsorbents have been determined by investigating factors such as effect of pH, effect of concentration of the dye, amount of adsorbents, contact time, and temperature. Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin, and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm models have been used to evaluate the ongoing adsorption. With the help of adsorption isotherm data different thermodynamic parameters such as free energy; enthalpy, and entropy have been calculated. The estimated free energy has been obtained as 21.52 kJ mol1 for bottom ash and 16.88 kJ mol1 for deoiled soya. On the basis of pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic equations different kinetic parameters have been obtained. Column operations depicted good adsorptive tendencies for Congo red with 96.95% and 97.14% saturation of dye on bottom ash and deoiled soya, respectively. Regeneration of the saturated columns has been made by eluting NaOH solution and more than 90% dye has been recovered in both cases

Adsorptive removal of hazardous anionic dye ‘‘Congo red” from wastewater using waste materials and recovery by desorption

The present investigation assesses the applicability of waste materials—bottom ash and deoiled soya—for the removal of the colorant Congo red from wastewaters. The adsorption characteristics and dye removal efficiency of adsorbents have been determined by investigating factors such as effect of pH, effect of concentration of the dye, amount of adsorbents, contact time, and temperature. Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin, and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm models have been used to evaluate the ongoing adsorption. With the help of adsorption isotherm data different thermodynamic parameters such as free energy; enthalpy, and entropy have been calculated. The estimated free energy has been obtained as 21.52 kJ mol1 for bottom ash and 16.88 kJ mol1 for deoiled soya. On the basis of pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic equations different kinetic parameters have been obtained. Column operations depicted good adsorptive tendencies for Congo red with 96.95% and 97.14% saturation of dye on bottom ash and deoiled soya, respectively. Regeneration of the saturated columns has been made by eluting NaOH solution and more than 90% dye has been recovered in both cases

ORIENTAL JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY Removal of Toxic Azo Dyes from Wastewater using Bottom Ash -Equilibrium Isothermal Modeling

ABSTRACT This article describes the use of a power plant waste-Bottom Ash, as effective adsorbent for the removal of toxic Azo dyes Carmoisine and Chrysoidine Y from their aqueous solution. The paper incorporates comparative study and discussion of the adsorption characteristics of these dyes on the economically effective adsorbent with special emphasis on the effects of time and temperature. The characterizations of the adsorbent have been carried out by standard analytical techniques. The adsorption behavior of the dyes has been studied using some well-known Isotherms like Freundlich, Langmuir, Tempkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich adsorption isotherm models. The experimental results confirmed that both the dyes were potentially adsorbed by the power plant waste

NANOSTRUCTURE LIPID CARRIERS: A PROMISING TOOL FOR THE DRUG DELIVERY IN THE TREATMENT OF SKIN CANCERNANOSTRUCTURE LIPID CARRIERS: A PROMISING TOOL FOR THE DRUG DELIVERY IN THE TREATMENT OF SKIN CANCER

Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer having a very high rate of incidence, exceeding the sum of all other types of cancers. Current topical treatments for non-melanoma skin cancer and their precursor lesions, such as actinic keratosis includes conventional treatments using semisolid formulations of 5-fluorouracil, diclofenac, and imiquimod. Photodynamic therapy is another topical treatment which is used and approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. However, these conventional treatments present various side effects such as severe inflammation, pain, long duration of treatment, and unappealing scars leading to noncompliance of the patients. Hence, the main objective of this review is to highlight the advantages of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) as promising carriers for cytotoxic drugs due to their potential to increase the solubility and bioavailability (BA) of poorly water-soluble and lipophilic drugs. The topical administration of anticancer drugs through NLCs has many advantages such as reduced side effects, reduce degradation, and enhanced penetration of the drug through the stratum corneum (SC) and thus increased drug targeting and therapeutics and also cost benefits. NLCs are composed of mixture of solid lipids and liquid lipids, because of that they have adequate capacity to accommodate large amount of drug as compared to SLN. Being lipid-based drug delivery systems, NLCs have been proved as better drug delivery carriers for cytotoxic drugs due to their potential to increase the solubility and BA of poorly water-soluble and lipophilic drugs. This review includes the applications and recent developments in topical drug delivery using NLCs. The structures, preparation techniques, modulation of drug release, long-term stability of NLCs and their physicochemical characterization are systematically described in this review. The potential of NLCs in the drug therapy of skin cancer has been highlighted