Impressão 3D de alimentos: utilização de farinha de insetos como fonte alternativa de proteínas em produtos de cereais

TCC (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos.A impressão 3D de materiais, também conhecida como fabricação aditiva ou digital, é um campo bastante conhecido na fabricação de protótipos pela versatilidade e facilidade na criação de formas complexas. Este trabalho de revisão abordará as técnicas conhecidas na impressão 3D de alimentos e apresentará o uso de farinha de insetos comestíveis em formulações de produtos cereais para fins nutricionais e tecnológicos como fonte alternativa de nutrientes. Serão abordadas também as propriedades físicas destas massas durante a produção e no pós-processamento. Além disso, serão discutidas as tecnologias inovadoras de impressão 3D desses produtos e seus benefícios aos consumidores. Os benefícios relatados com o uso da tecnologia de impressão 3D de alimentos incluem aumento do shelf life, diversidade de formas e formulações específicas. Neste sentido, a impressão 3D pode ser uma aliada na solução de alimentos voltados para necessidades específicas como para celíacos e diabéticos. Outro fator que influencia na escolha deste processo está relacionado à segurança de alimentos e menor custo de produção. Os produtos à base de cereais enriquecidos com farinhas de insetos, principalmente a farinha de larvas de Tenebrio molitor, são exemplos de formulação que melhoram a textura da matéria-prima a ser impressa e também melhoram a qualidade nutricional do produto final. Isso pode ser produzido utilizando uma quantidade menor de recursos ambientais e menor área de produção, pois as larvas de Tenebrio molitor possuem uma melhor relação de conversão de proteínas que outras fontes de proteína animal. Além disso, um protótipo de aplicativo destinado às impressoras 3D que auxiliam na construção de formulações específicas e tem potencial de popularizar a impressão 3D de alimentos foi apresentado. Por fim, a impressão 3D é uma tecnologia que está em fase de testes com vários tipos de produtos, incluindo formulações de cereais que incluem farinha de inseto ou não, demonstrando potencial para produção em escala industrial.3D printing of materials, also known as additive or digital manufacturing, is a well-known field in prototype manufacturing for its versatility and ease in creating complex shapes. This review work will address the techniques known in 3D printing of food and will present the use of edible insect flour in formulations of cereal products for nutritional and technological purposes as an alternative source of nutrients. The physical properties of these masses during production and post-processing will also be addressed. In addition, the innovative 3D printing technologies of these products and their benefits to consumers will be discussed. The benefits reported with the use of 3D food printing technology include increased shelf life, diversity of forms and specific formulations. In this sense, 3D printing can be an ally in the solution of foods aimed at specific needs such as celiac and diabetics. Another factor that influences the choice of this process is related to food safety and lower production costs. Cereal-based products enriched with insect flours, mainly Tenebrio molitor larva flour, are examples of formulations that improve the texture of the raw material to be printed and also improve the nutritional quality of the final product. This can be produced using a smaller amount of environmental resources and a smaller production area, as the larvae of Tenebrio molitor have a better protein conversion ratio than other sources of animal protein. In addition, a prototype of an application for 3D printers that helps in the construction of specific formulations and has the potential to popularize 3D food printing was presented. Finally, 3D printing is a technology that is being tested with several types of products, including cereal formulations that include insect flour or not, demonstrating potential for industrial scale production

A GEP-ISFG collaborative study on the optimization of an X-STR decaplex: data on 15 Iberian and Latin American populations

Abstract In a collaborative work carried out by the Spanish and Portuguese ISFG Working Group (GEPISFG), a polymerase chain reaction multiplex was optimized in order to type ten X-chromosome short tandem repeats (STRs) in a single reaction, including: DXS8378, DXS9902, DXS7132, DXS9898, DXS6809, DXS6789 DXS7133, GATA172D05, GATA31E08, and DXS7423. Using this X-decaplex, each 17 of the participating laboratories typed a population sample of approximately 200 unrelated individuals (100 males and 100 females). In this work, we report the allele frequencies for the ten XSTRs in 15 samples from Argentina (Buenos Aires, Córdoba, Río Negro, Entre Ríos, and Misiones), Brazil (São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná, and Mato Grosso do Sul), Colombia (Antioquia), Costa Rica, Portugal (Northern and Central regions), and Spain (Galicia and Cantabria). Gene diversities were calculated for the ten markers in each population and all values were above 56%. The average diversity per locus varied between 66%, for DXS7133, and 82%, for DXS6809. For this set of STRs, a high discrimination power was obtained in all populations, both in males (≥1 in 5×105) and females (≥1 in 3×109), as well as high mean exclusion chance in father/daughter duos (≥99.953%) and in father/mother/daughter trios (≥99.999%). Genetic distance analysis showed no significant differences between northern and central Portugal or between the two Spanish samples from Galicia and Cantabria. Inside Brazil, significant differences were found between Rio de Janeiro and the other three populations, as well as between São Paulo and Paraná. For the five Argentinean samples, significant distances were only observed when comparing Misiones with Entre Ríos and with Río Negro, the only two samples that do not differ significantly from Costa Rica. Antioquia differed from all other samples, except the one from Río Negro.Fil: Gusmão, Leonor. Universidad de Porto; PortugalFil: Sánchez Diz, Paula. Universidad de Santiago de Compostela; EspañaFil: Alves, Cíntia. Universidad de Porto; PortugalFil: Gomes, Iva. Universidad de Porto; PortugalFil: Zarrabeitia, María Teresa. Universidad de Cantabria; EspañaFil: Abovich, Mariel. Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Productiva. Banco Nacional de Datos Genéticos; ArgentinaFil: Atmetlla, Ivannia. Laboratorio de Análisis Clínicos y Moleculares; Costa RicaFil: Bobillo, Maria Cecilia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Servicio de Huellas Digitales Genéticas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Bravo, Luisa. Laboratorio Genes; ColombiaFil: Builes, Juan. Laboratorio Genes; ColombiaFil: Cainé, Laura. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal; PortugalFil: Calvo, Raquel. Universidad de Santiago de Compostela; EspañaFil: Carvalho, Elizeu. Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Carvalho, Mónica. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal; PortugalFil: Cicarelli, Regina. Universidade Estadual Paulista; BrasilFil: Catelli, Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Corach, Daniel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Servicio de Huellas Digitales Genéticas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Espinoza, Marta. Unidad de Genética Forense; Costa RicaFil: García Monasterio, Óscar. Area de Laboratorio Ertzaintza; EspañaFil: Malaghini, Marcelo. Laboratorio Frischmann Aisengart ; BrasilFil: Martins, Joyce. Universidade Estadual Paulista; BrasilFil: Pinheiro, Fátima. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal; PortugalFil: Porto, Maria João. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal; PortugalFil: Raimondi, Eduardo Humberto. Fundación Favaloro; ArgentinaFil: Riancho, Jose Antonio. Universidad de Cantabria; EspañaFil: Rodríguez, Amelia. Universidad de Santiago de Compostela; EspañaFil: Rodríguez, Anayanci. Universidad de Santiago de Compostela; EspañaFil: Rodríguez Cardozo, Belén. Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Productiva. Banco Nacional de Datos Genéticos; ArgentinaFil: Schneider, Vicente. Laboratorio Frischmann Aisengart; BrasilFil: Silva, Sandra. Laboratorio de Análisis Clínicos y Moleculares; Costa RicaFil: Tavares, Celso. Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Toscanini, Ulises Faustino. Fundación Favaloro; ArgentinaFil: Vullo, Carlos. No especifíca;Fil: Whittle, Martin. Genomic Engenharia Molecular; BrasilFil: Yurrebaso, Iñaki. Laboratorio Ertzaintza; EspañaFil: Carracedo, Ángel. Universidad de Santiago de Compostela; EspañaFil: Amorim, António. Universidad de Porto; Portuga

PROJETO DE COLETA DE AMOSTRA DE CONDENADOS: Incremento do Auxílio a Investigações e a Justiça

RESUMO A legislação brasileira determina que os indivíduos devem ser obrigatoriamente incluídos nos Bancos de Perfis Genéticos nos casos de condenações por crimes hediondos ou de violência de natureza grave contra a pessoa. Em 2017, pouco mais de 2.000 indivíduos tiveram seus perfis genéticos inseridos nos bancos de dados de DNA. No entanto, estima-se que 137.600 indivíduos sejam identificados por perfis genéticos. No início de 2018, o Projeto de Coleta de Amostra de Condenados foi iniciado. O objetivo foi o cumprimento legal, atingir o objetivo estratégico de inserir perfis de condenados em bancos de dados de DNA em 50% (N = 68.670) e promover a integração entre os Laboratórios Forenses de DNA do Brasil. Houve um crescimento de mais de 2621% no perfil genético de criminosos condenados no RIBPG (2.008 em 29 de novembro de 2017, comparado a 54.657 em 29 de novembro de 2019). Esse crescimento expressivo também resultou em um aumento notável no número de coincidências e investigações auxiliadas pelo uso de bancos de dados de perfis genéticos. Cita-se, por exemplo, a resolução do crime sexual e assassinato da garota Rachel Genofre, onze anos após a ocorrência do delito. Palavra-chave: RIBPG, Banco Nacional de Perfil Genético, condenado, perfil genético, DNA, perícia criminal   ABSTRACT  Brazilian legislation determines that individuals must obligatorily be included in DNA databases in cases of convictions for heinous or wilful violent crimes. In 2017, just over 2,000 individuals had their genetic profiles inserted into DNA databases. However, it is estimated that 137,600 individuals should be identified by genetic profiles. In early 2018, the Convict Genetic Profile Identification Project was started. It aimed to obey the law, to reach the strategic goal of insert convicts' profiles in DNA databases to 50% (N = 68,670) and to promote the integration between Brazilian Forensic DNA Laboratories. There has been a growth of over 2621% in convicted offender genetic profile in RIBPG (2,008 on November 29, 2017, compared to 54,657 on November 29, 2019). This expressive growth has also resulted in a notable increase in the number of coincidences and investigations aided through the use of Genetic Profile Databases. For example, the resolution of the sexual crime and murder of the girl Rachel Genofre is cited, eleven years after the crime occurred.       Keywords: RIBPG, Brazilian National DNA Database, convicted offender, genetic profile, DNA, criminal expertis

Genetic divergence among pumpkin landraces

Estimating the genetic variability in germplasm collections is important not only for conserving genetic resources, but also for plant breeding purposes. However, generating a large number of different categories data (qualitative and quantitative) often complicate the analysis and results interpretation, resulting in an incomplete distinction of accessions. This study reports the characterization and evaluation of 14 pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) accessions collected from farms in the northern region of Rio de Janeiro state. Genetic diversity among accessions was also estimated using qualitative and quantitative variables considering joint analysis. The plants were grown under field conditions in a randomized block design with three replications and six plants per plot. Eight qualitative traits (leaf size; seed shape; seed color; color of the fruit pulp; hollow; fruit shape; skin color, and fruit skin texture) and eight quantitative traits (fruit weight; fruit length; fruit diameter; soluble solids, 100 seed weight, and wall thickness measured in the middle and in the lower stem) were evaluated. The data were analyzed considering the Gower distance, and cluster analysis was performed using unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA). Variability among accessions was observed considering morphoagronomic data. The Gower distance together with UPGMA cluster allowed for good discrimination between accessions in the groups, demonstrating that the simultaneous analysis of qualitative and quantitative data is feasible and may increase the understanding of the variation among accessions

Genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from alow-endemic setting in northwestern state of Paraná in Southern Brazil

The purpose of this study was to provide information about the genetic diversity and prevalent genotype of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a low-endemic setting in northwestern state of Paraná in Southern Brazil. We employed spoligotyping and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units-variable number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) techniques to genotype M. tuberculosisisolates from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). The 93 isolates analyzed by spoligotyping were divided into 36 different patterns, 30 of which were described in the SITVIT database. Latin American and Mediterranean, Haarlem and T families were responsible for 26.9%, 17.2% and 11.8% of TB cases, respectively. From the 84 isolates analyzed by MIRU-VNTR, 58 shared a unique pattern and the remaining 26 belonged to nine clusters. The MIRU loci 40, 23, 10 and 16 were the most discriminatory. A combination of MIRU-VNTR and spoligotyping resulted in 85.7% discriminatory power (Hunter-Gaston index = 0.995). Thus, combining spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR typing proved to be most useful for epidemiological study in this low-endemic setting in Southern Brazil. The current study demonstrated that there is significant diversity in circulating strains in the city of Maringá and the surrounding regions, with no single genotype of M. tuberculosispredominating