The role of food and nutrition in the prevention and pathogenesis of hypertension

INTRODUCTION Arterial hypertension belongs to lifestyle diseases that are largely associated with abnormal lifestyle. Based on the results of the population research factors have been identified that increase the risk of hypertension, including: obesity, low physical activity, excessive alkohol consumption, use of diet rich in sodium and low in potassium, too low magnesium and calcium content in food and chronic stres. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article is to present the role of food and nutrition in the prevention and pathogenesis of hypertension. THE WEIGHT OF THE BODCIES The influence of dietary intervention on blood pressure in patients with normal and high blood pressure was the subject of clinical tests [6,7]. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) study involved a diet that promoted the intake of vegetables, fruits and small amounts of dairy products, contained whole grain cereals, fish, poultry and nuts, while limiting the amount of red meat in the diet, sweetness and sweetened beverages. SUMMARY The DASH diet more effectively reduced the systolic and diastolic blood pressure both in hypertensive patients and those with normal pressure values. Following the low-sodium DASH diet is important in the strategy of prophylaxis and treatment of hypertension and related to that coronary heart disease, both at the population level and in dealing with individual patients

Sensory Integration - the weight of stimuli. The role of parents

INTRODUCTION Sensory integration is a kind of integration or organization of stimuli, the ability to feel and respond properly to news from the world. The organization of stimuli takes place in the brain so that later can use them to create appropriate reactions and behaviors. If the flow of stimuli is disturbed then some reactions, the body's response may be incorrect. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article is to present in a understandable way the sensory integration process and the impact of various stimuli on its condition. It also shows how important parents play in the development and therapy of children with sensory integration disorders. THE WEIGHT OF THE BODCIES The stimuli is food that absorbs our brain through every organ of our body. We are what we eat, that is why, it is so important what we feed our children's brain. Impulses reach the body thanks to the senses: sight, hearing, taste, smell, touch and proprioceptive, atrial and interoceptive. SUMMARY Sensory integration is the whole of reactions that take place between the outside world and our body. The most important and the most intense time of physical and mental development is childhood during which we provide our body with the most stimuli. For children with sensory integration disorders and without these disorders, the best therapists are parents

Ocena przydatności hepatotropowego środka kontrastowego Teslascan (Mn-DPDP) w wykrywaniu zmian ogniskowych w wątrobie

Background: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the usefulness of the hepatotropic contrast agent Teslascan (Mn-DPDP) in the detection of focal hepatic lesions. Material/Methods: A prospective study was performed in 24 patients (12 men, 12 women) with 82 confirmed focal hepatic lesions, in whom the hepatotropic contrast agent Mn-DPDP (Teslascan) was administered. The examinations were performed on a 1.5T unit (Philips Gyroscan). The sensitivity of hepatic lesions detection were compared in T2W, TSE, T2W STIR, T1W GRE, and T1W GRE sequences, 15-30 minutes after intravenous administration of Mn-DPDP. Results: In T2W TSE sequences 64 focal lesions were detected (sensitivity 78%); in T2W STIR sequences, 70 lesions (sensitivity 85%); in T1W GRE sequences, 65 lesions (sensitivity 79%); in T1W GRE sequences after Mn-DPDP administration, 77 lesions (sensitivity 94%). The combined sensitivity of evaluation using all the sequences obtained before Mn-DPDP administration (T2W TSE, T2W STIR, T1W GRE) was 88%. Conclusions: MR examination with the use of MN-DPDP yielded higher sensitivity in hepatic lesion detection compared to unenhanced T2W TSE, T2W STIR and T1W GRE sequences

Exploring the Potential of Sulfonamide-Dihydropyridine Hybrids as Multitargeted Ligands for Alzheimer’s Disease Treatment

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease that has a heavy social and economic impact on all societies and for which there is still no cure. Multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) seem to be a promising therapeutic strategy for finding an effective treatment for this disease. For this purpose, new MTDLs were designed and synthesized in three steps by simple and cost-efficient procedures targeting calcium channel blockade, cholinesterase inhibition, and antioxidant activity. The biological and physicochemical results collected in this study allowed us the identification two sulfonamide-dihydropyridine hybrids showing simultaneous cholinesterase inhibition, calcium channel blockade, antioxidant capacity and Nrf2-ARE activating effect, that deserve to be further investigated for AD therapy.This work was supported by the Regional Council of Franche-Comté (2022Y-13659 and 13660 Accurate Project).Peer reviewe

Metastatic tumors of pancreas — whether and when surgical intervention is gainful for diseased people. Retrospective analysis of data from three surgery centers

Introduction. Metastatic tumors in the pancreas constitute a small (2–5%), but steadily growing percentage of all neoplasms of this organ. The aim of the study was to analyze the surgical treatment of metastases in the pancreas, in particular its effectiveness and the risk of surgical complications. Material and methods. The retrospective analysis was performed on 21 patients treated surgically in three surgical centers. This group included 16 women (76%) and 5 men (24%). The median age at the time of diagnosis of the underlying disease was 55.5 years (41–71). We analyzed the location of secondary lesions, their size, number, type and radicality of surgical intervention, histopathological diagnosis of the disease, as well as the occurrence of postoperative complications. Results. The starting point for metastatic lesions in 16 patients (76%) was renal cell carcinoma (RCC), in other cases — skin melanoma, eyeball melanoma, adenocarcinoma of the rectum, non-small-cell bronchi carcinoma. R0 radical surgery was performed in 15 patients (74%) and perioperative mortality was 5% (1 patient died). The median total survival time was 151 months (10–342), with 168 months for RCC (25–344) and 62 months for the remaining cancers (10–241). Conclusions. The main factor that determines the patient’s future fate is the type of primary neoplasm and surgical treatment of metastatic tumors in the pancreas is the best solution for selected RCC cases

The cardiovascular mechanisms in simple obesity with and without concomitant systemic hypertension - a preliminary study

WSTĘP. Celem badania było porównanie reakcji sercowo-naczyniowych, zależnych między innymi od funkcji układu autonomicznego i funkcji śródbłonka u normotensyjnych chorych z otyłością prostą oraz u chorych z otyłością prostą i samoistnym nadciśnieniem tętniczym. MATERIAŁ I METODY. W badaniu uczestniczyło 82 chorych z otyłością prostą, w tym: 59 chorych z prawidłowymi wartościami ciśnienia tętniczego (wskaźnik masy ciała [BMI, body mass index]: 36,9 ± 3,9 kg/m2), oraz 23 chorych z łagodnym samoistnym nadciśnieniem tętniczym (BMI: 36,5 ± 3,0 kg/m2). Grupę kontrolną stanowiło 19 zdrowych osób (BMI: 24,7 ± 4,3 kg/m2). Oceniano wyniki testu pochyleniowego (TT, tilt test) oraz częstotliwość rytmu serca (HR, heart rate), wartość skurczowego (SBP, systolic blood pressure) i rozkurczowego (DBP, diastolic blood pressure) ciśnienia tętniczego podczas badania. W podgrupie u 19 otyłych chorych oceniano zdolność rozkurczową naczyń będącą doplerowskim wykładnikiem funkcji śródbłonka. Oceniano przepływ i wymiar naczynia w warunkach podstawowych, po 3 minutach okluzji (FMD, flow mediated dilation) oraz po podaniu nitrogliceryny (NTG-MD, nitrogliceryn mediated dilation), wyznaczając procentową zmianę średnicy naczynia (odpowiednio: FMD% i NTG-MD%). Ponadto porównano endogenną (FMD%) i egzogenną (NTG-MD%) zdolność rozkurczową tętnicy ramiennej, uwzględniając wyniki TT u badanych chorych. WYNIKI. Dodatni wynik TT stwierdzono u 10 chorych (17%) z otyłością prostą oraz u 2 (9%) otyłych chorych z nadciśnieniem tętniczym. Wyniki TT w grupie osób zdrowych były ujemne. Podczas TT jedynie u chorych z nadciśnieniem tętniczym wykazano niewydolność chronotropową. Równocześnie w tej grupie obserwowano nieprawidłową reakcję SBP na pochylenie - wartości SBP stopniowo zmniejszały się podczas TT u 13 (57%) badanych. Wartości FMD% były istotnie niższe u chorych z dodatnim wynikiem TP (5,5 ± 3,8%, n = 6, w tym 2 chorych z nadciśnieniem tętniczym) w porównaniu z chorymi, u których stwierdzano prawidłową reakcję na pochylenie (11,1 ± 6,9%, n = 13, w tym 9 chorych z nadciśnieniem tętniczym). WNIOSKI. U chorych z otyłością prostą stwierdza się nieprawidłową reakcję na pochylenie. Zanotowano odmienną reakcję u chorych normotensyjnych w porównaniu z chorymi z samoistnym nadciśnieniem tętniczym - jedynie u otyłych chorych z nadciśnieniem tętniczym wykazano niewydolność chronotropową. Wyniki obserwacji autorów artykułu sugerują, że dodatni wynik testu pochyleniowego może wiązać się z dysfunkcją śródbłonka.BACKGROUND. The aim of the study was to compare the cardiovascular reactions related to e.g. the autonomic function and the endothelial function in obese patients with systemic primary hypertension and in those without it. MATERIAL AND METHODS. 59 patients with simple obesity (BMI: 36.9 ± 3.9 kg/m2), and 23 obese patients with mild systemic hypertension (BMI: 36.5 ± 3.0 kg/m2), and 19 healthy subjects (BMI: 24.7 ± 4.3 kg/m2) were included in the study. We evaluated the tilt table test (TT) results and heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) during TT. A vascular dilatation reflecting endothelial dysfunction, measuring by blood flow and arterial diameter changes before, and 3-minute after occlusion (FMD, flow mediated dilation) and after sublingual nitroglycerin intake (NTGMD, nitroglycerin mediated dilation) were evaluated in the subgroup of 19 obese individuals - percentage changes in a vessel diameter (FMD% and NTG-MD%). Both endogenous (FMD%) and exogenous (NTG-MD%) mediated dilatation of the brachial artery and the tilt table test were compared in all individuals. RESULTS. A positive TT response was observed in 10 (17%) patients with simplex obesity, in 2 (9%) patients with systemic hypertension, and non positive TT was found in controls. However, 5 (22%) hypertonic patients revealed a chronotropic incompetence during TT, and no form of this kind of response was noted in the rest of the examined group. Moreover, the hypertonic obese patients presented abnormal SBP reaction to tilting - SBP systematically decreased during TT in 13 (57%) patients. Positive TT patients (5.5 ± 3.8%, n = 6 including 2 individuals with arterial hypertension) revealed significantly decreased FMD% values when compared to negative TT patients (11.1 ± 6.9%, n = 13, including 9 patients with arterial hypertension). CONCLUSIONS. Both patients with simple obesity and with or without systemic hypertension present a different abnormal response to tilting - a chronotropic incompetence was observed in obese hypertensive patients only. Our results suggest that positive response for tilting may be associated with endothelial dysfunction

Guzy przerzutowe trzustki — czy i kiedy leczenie operacyjne jest korzystne dla chorego. Analiza retrospektywna materiału trzech ośrodków chirurgicznych

Wstęp. Guzy przerzutowe trzustki stanowią niewielki (2–5%), ale stale rosnący, odsetek wszystkich nowotworów tego narządu. Celem pracy była analiza leczenia operacyjnego przerzutów nowotworowych do trzustki, w szczególności jego skuteczności i ryzyka powikłań chirurgicznych. Materiał i metody. Analizie retrospektywnej poddano 21 chorych leczonych operacyjnie w trzech ośrodkach chirurgicznych. W tej grupie znajdowało się 16 kobiet (76%) i 5 mężczyzn (24%). Mediana wieku chorych w chwili rozpoznania choroby podstawowej wyniosła 55,5 roku (41–71). Przeanalizowano lokalizację zmian wtórnych, ich wielkość, liczbę, typ oraz radykalność interwencji chirurgicznej, rozpoznanie histopatologiczne choroby, a także wystąpienie powikłań pooperacyjnych. Wyniki. Punktem wyjścia zmian przerzutowych u 16 chorych (76%) był rak nerkowokomórkowy nerki (renal cel carcinoma, RCC), w pozostałych przypadkach — czerniak skóry, czerniak gałki ocznej, rak gruczołowy odbytnicy, rak niedrobnokomórkowy oskrzela. Operację o radykalności R0 udało się wykonać u 15 chorych (74%), a śmiertelność okołooperacyjna wynosiła 5% (zmarł 1 chory). Mediana całkowitego czasu przeżycia wynosiła 151 miesięcy (10–342), przy czym dla RCC było to 168 miesięcy (25–344), a dla pozostałych nowotworów 62 miesiące (10–241). Wnioski. Głównym czynnikiem, który determinuje dalszy los chorego, jest rodzaj nowotworu pierwotnego, a leczenie operacyjne guzów przerzutowych trzustki jest najlepszym rozwiązaniem dla wyselekcjonowanych przypadków RCC

Dissecting the Shared Genetic Architecture of Suicide Attempt, Psychiatric Disorders, and Known Risk Factors

Background Suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide, and nonfatal suicide attempts, which occur far more frequently, are a major source of disability and social and economic burden. Both have substantial genetic etiology, which is partially shared and partially distinct from that of related psychiatric disorders. Methods We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 29,782 suicide attempt (SA) cases and 519,961 controls in the International Suicide Genetics Consortium (ISGC). The GWAS of SA was conditioned on psychiatric disorders using GWAS summary statistics via multitrait-based conditional and joint analysis, to remove genetic effects on SA mediated by psychiatric disorders. We investigated the shared and divergent genetic architectures of SA, psychiatric disorders, and other known risk factors. Results Two loci reached genome-wide significance for SA: the major histocompatibility complex and an intergenic locus on chromosome 7, the latter of which remained associated with SA after conditioning on psychiatric disorders and replicated in an independent cohort from the Million Veteran Program. This locus has been implicated in risk-taking behavior, smoking, and insomnia. SA showed strong genetic correlation with psychiatric disorders, particularly major depression, and also with smoking, pain, risk-taking behavior, sleep disturbances, lower educational attainment, reproductive traits, lower socioeconomic status, and poorer general health. After conditioning on psychiatric disorders, the genetic correlations between SA and psychiatric disorders decreased, whereas those with nonpsychiatric traits remained largely unchanged. Conclusions Our results identify a risk locus that contributes more strongly to SA than other phenotypes and suggest a shared underlying biology between SA and known risk factors that is not mediated by psychiatric disorders.Peer reviewe

Gene Expression Data Mining Reveals the Involvement of GPR55 and Its Endogenous Ligands in Immune Response, Cancer, and Differentiation

G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) is a recently deorphanized lipid- and peptide-sensing receptor. Its lipidic endogenous agonists belong to lysoglycerophospholipids, with lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) being the most studied. Peptide agonists derive from fragmentation of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP). Although GPR55 and its ligands were implicated in several physiological and pathological conditions, their biological function remains unclear. Thus, the aim of the study was to conduct a large-scale re-analysis of publicly available gene expression datasets to identify physiological and pathological conditions affecting the expression of GPR55 and the production of its ligands. The study revealed that regulation of GPR55 occurs predominantly in the context of immune activation pointing towards the role of the receptor in response to pathogens and in immune cell lineage determination. Additionally, it was revealed that there is almost no overlap between the experimental conditions affecting the expression of GPR55 and those modulating agonist production. The capacity to synthesize LPI was enhanced in various types of tumors, indicating that cancer cells can hijack the motility-related activity of GPR55 to increase aggressiveness. Conditions favoring accumulation of PACAP-derived peptides were different than those for LPI and were mainly related to differentiation. This indicates a different function of the two agonist classes and possibly the existence of a signaling bias