Global Heuristic Search on Encrypted Data (GHSED)

Important document are being kept encrypted in remote servers. In order to retrieve these encrypted data, efficient search methods needed to enable the retrieval of the document without knowing the content of the documents In this paper a technique called a global heuristic search on encrypted data (GHSED) technique will be described for search in an encrypted files using public key encryption stored on an untrusted server and retrieve the files that satisfy a certain search pattern without revealing any information about the original files. GHSED technique would satisfy the following: (1) Provably secure, the untrusted server cannot learn anything about the plaintext given only the cipher text. (2) Provide controlled searching, so that the untrusted server cannot search for a word without the user's authorization. (3) Support hidden queries, so that the user may ask the untrusted server to search for a secret word without revealing the word to the server. (4) Support query isolation, so the untrusted server learns nothing more than the search result about the plaintext

The Analysis of Translation Technique of Children Story: “Lila, the Clumsy Witch”

Regarding to Douglas Robinson, in his famous book entitled Becoming a translator, 1998; 49, define translation is an intelligent activity involving complex processes of conscious and unconscious learning.In the other book of Peter Newmark\u27s, a textbook of translation, stated that translation is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended the text. Newmark describe translation techniques into two catagories. First, translation which focuses on the source language and target language. The SL translation techniques consists of four such as word fo word, literal, faithfull and semantic translation. While the techniques which focuses on Target Language (TL). The techniques are adaptation, free translation, idiomatic translation and communicative translation.In this paper, the writer would like to analyze the children text entitled Lila, the clumsy witch or Lila, penyihir yang ceroboh. “ what kind of translation techniques does the writer use in translating the text ? The story is written by Amelia Kurniawati and translated by P. Francis Rhien. The result is that the writer of the book uses more techniques of translation which focuses on Source language using word for word translation 19,3%, Literal translation 61,5% and Free translation 19,3%. This result indicates that the writer of the book focuses on the source language. Keywords: translation, translator, source language, target language,etc

Pre-Service Teachers’ Voices: The Challenges in Dealing Classroom Management Problems During Teaching Practice

This study focuses on the classroom management problems of pre-service teachers during teaching practice and how they apply teaching strategies to overcome those problems. The method used is a qualitative narrative inquiry with data sources that have been collected through a questionnaire, documents evidence and interviews. Data analysis for this study used thematic analysis. The results of the analysis found that classroom management problems are one of the difficulties and challenges for pre-service teachers. The setting of strategies in lesson planning and managing in the classroom is really needs to be considered by pre-service teachers to achieve the learning goals. Efforts that can be made with the help of using pre-service teachers when facing classroom management problems are designing the teaching strategies and pre-service teachers need to provide motivation, instruction and pay attention to student behavior

EXPLORING IMPLICIT CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK PREFERENCES ON STUDENTS’ SPEAKING PERFORMANCE

The purpose of this study is to explore the students’ preferences and perceptions toward implicit corrective feedback on their speaking performance. This research is qualitative case study research with data collection techniques using observation, questionnaires, and interviews. The participants of this study were 12th-grade, high school students. The author found the most preferred types and timing in the corrective feedback implementation such as: Recast CF, and Immediate CF as the method to correct the errors in their speaking performance given by the teacher. Researchers also found that students have positive perceptions toward implicit corrective feedback. Most participants prefer to be corrected by their teacher when they make an error in their speaking performance

PENERAPAN STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS SAINTIFIK PADA MATA DIKLAT DASAR POLA

: Upaya meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan terus-menerus dilakukan baik secara konvensional maupun inovatif, salah satunya dengan penggunaan kurikulum 2013 atau strategi pembelajaran saintifik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh data mengenai Penerapan Strategi Pembelajaran Berbasis Saintifik pada Mata Diklat Dasar Pola. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dengan sampel purposive mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Tata Busana angkatan 2011 dan 2012 yang telah mengikuti Praktik Pengenalan Lapangan (PPL) pada mata diklat dasar pola berbasis saintifik. Alat pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah angket untuk memperoleh data dari penerapan strategi pembelajaran berbasis saintifik pada mata diklat dasar pola ditinjau dari kegiatan inti kemampuan pengetahuan proporsi tubuh, pengetahuan menentukan posisi bagian-bagian tubuh, dan keterampilan pembuatan pola dasar badan bagian atas dengan teknik draping. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lebih dari setengahnya responden telah menerapkan strategi pembelajaran berbasis saintifik pada mata diklat dasar pola meliputi kegiatan mengamati, menanya, mengumpulkan informasi, mengolah informasi, dan mengkomunikasikan pembelajaran mata diklat dasar pola. Kata kunci : Tata Busana, Dasar pola, dan saintifik Exertion to increase education quality continous did according to konventional in spite in innovative, one of method with use the curriculum 2013 or scientific learning strategy. This research purpose for get information about Application Scientific Base Learning Strategy To Training And Education Program For Basic Pattern Subject. Method that use in this research is descriptive method with purposive sample as may as 31 university student that already follow Practice Identification Sphere or it’s usually call by PPL to training and education program for basic pattern subject scientific base. Instrumen information aggregate use in this research is questionnaire for get information from application scientific base learning strategy to training and education program for basic pattern subject that’s observation core ability and knowledge about body proportion, determine position parts of body knowledge, and construction basic pattern top portion knowledge with drapping technique. The result of research indicate that more than half respondent already apply scientific base learning strategy to training and aducation program for basic pattern subject is cover observe activity, ask, collecting information, processing information, and extending information for basic pattern subject. Ker word : basic pattern, scientifi

The Relationship Between Increasing Teachers\u27 Language Knowledge and Students\u27 Decoding and Reading Comprehension Skills.

Abstract Teaching children how to read is not an easy task. Students with reading difficulties often continue to struggle even as intensive and individualized instruction and curriculum are implemented with fidelity. Educators need to be well prepared in the science of reading as well as the scope of sequence of reading skills in order to be more effective in designing reading instruction (Duke & Mesmera, 2018; Moats, 2020; Washburn et al., 2011). Language Essentials for Teachers of Reading and Spelling (LETRS) is one professional development course that helps address these concerns – it focuses on increasing teachers’ language knowledge based on most scientific research (Moats & Tolman, 2019). In addition to having a strong background in the teaching of reading, well-prepared educators analyze progress monitoring data accurately; they give appropriate feedback and then provide explicit instruction and opportunities to practice new concepts (Filderman & Toste, 2018). This study, through the self-reflection of the researcher, seeks to examine the relationship between increasing teachers’ knowledge of reading instruction and the reading outcomes of students with disabilities. The researcher of this study, an interventionist at an elementary school, participated in the Language Essentials for Teachers of Reading and Spelling (LETRS) professional development course with the hope to improve the reading outcomes for students with disabilities. As the researcher participated in the LETRS course, she also taught daily, specialized, and intensive early reading instruction for at least sixty minutes during small-group instruction within the general education classroom. During this time, she focused on integrating her newly learned LETRS instructional strategies to help increase students\u27 early literacy skills in letter names, letter sounds, phonemic awareness, and early writing. This capstone project was not structured in a scientific research design, so the findings are not meant to be interpreted in this manner

Towards a digital learning ecosystem within a community of inquiry : design-based research in ICT engineering education

Yhteiskunnan lisääntyvä digitalisaatio on muuttanut oppimistapojamme ja työskentelyämme merkittävästi. Tieto- ja viestintätekniikan insinöörikoulutuksen alalla uusien digitaalisten teknologioiden ilmaantuminen ja teollisuuden vallankumous ovat synnyttäneet tarpeen kehittää uusia pedagogisia lähestymistapoja, jotka integroituvat saumattomasti alan menetelmiin ja käytäntöihin. Tämä väitöskirja keskittyy digitaalisen oppimisen ekosysteemin suunnittelukehyksen sekä sitä tukevien suunnitteluperiaatteiden luomiseen, missä verkko-oppiminen integroidaan insinöörikoulutukseen huomioiden sekä koulutuspoliittiset näkökulmat että yhteisön sidosryhmien kokemukset ja odotukset. Sidosryhmiksi tässä tutkimuksessa käsitetään opiskelijoiden lisäksi teollisuuden edustajat, sekä ohjaajina tieto- ja viestintätekniikan insinöörikoulutuksen opettajat ja yksikön tutkimus- ja kehityshanketoiminnan henkilöstö. Tutkimus sijoittuu Lapin ammattikorkeakoulun tieto- ja viestintätekniikan insinöörikoulutukseen. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on varmistaa opiskeluun sitouttavan ja mielenkiintoa ylläpitävän ekosysteemin toteutuminen, jotta opiskelijoille tarjoutuu mahdollisuus hankkia tarvittavat tiedot ja taidot todellisten ongelmien ratkaisemiseen sekä valmistautumiseen digitalisoituvaan elinkeinoelämään ja teollisuuteen. Design-tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on syventää tietämystä alan tekniikan koulutuksen suunnittelusta sekä toteutuksen vaatimuksista ja toimintaperiaatteista. Tavoitteiden saavuttamiseksi päätutkimusongelmaa: Mitkä ovat digitaalisen oppimisen ekosysteemin suunnitteluperiaatteet ja ominaisuudet, jotka vastaavat sidosryhmien tarpeisiin ja tieto- ja viestintätekniikan insinöörikoulutuksen linjauksiin sekä ohjaaviin asiakirjoihin? lähestytään tässä tutkimuksessa kaikkiaan kolmen osatutkimuksen avulla, joista kukin on raportoitu omana artikkelinaan. Ensimmäiset kaksi osatutkimusta kattavat design-tutkimuksen ensimmäisen syklin ja kolmas osatutkimus kattaa toisen syklin. Ensimmäisessä osatutkimuksessa tutkittiin tietoja viestintätekniikan insinöörikoulutuksen sen hetkisen oppimisen ekosysteemin sidosryhmien ajatuksia ja kokemuksia. Laadullisen tutkimuksen aineisto koostui opiskelijoiden haastatteluista sekä ohjaajilta että teollisuuden ja elinkeinoelämän edustajilta kerätyistä web-kyselyn vastauksista. Tulokset analysoitiin laadullisella sisällönanalyysilla. Toisessa osatutkimuksessa pilotoitiin tiimiyhteistyöalustaa hyödyntävää projektiperustaista oppimista integroidussa opetussuunnitelmassa, käyttäen sulautettua oppimista tutkivan yhteisön (Community of Inquiry, CoI) kontekstissa. Opiskelijoiden kokemuksia arvioitiin CoI-kyselytutkimuksella ja tiimityöalustan käyttöä analysoitiin palvelimen logitietojen perusteella. Kolmas osatutkimus keskittyi opiskelijoiden oppimiskokemuksiin verkossa hyödyntäen myös CoI-instrumenttia. Sekä toisen että kolmannen osatutkimuksen CoI-kyselyn vastausten analyysimenetelmänä oli Rasch Rating Scale Model -malli. Syvemmän ymmärryksen saavuttamiseksi kolmannessa osatutkimuksessa opiskelijoilta pyydettiin myös sanallisia kokemuksia ja ajatuksia. Kunkin osatutkimuksen tulokset muodostivat perustan seuraavien vaiheiden suunnittelulle ja interventioille, tukien design-tutkimuksen etenemistä ja syventäen ymmärrystä. Tämän väitöstutkimuksen tuloksena ehdotetaan digitaalisen oppimisen ekosysteemin suunnittelukehystä tieto- ja viestintätekniikan insinöörikoulutukselle. Kehystä tukevat seuraavat suunnitteluperiaatteet: 1) tiimiyhteistyöalustan käyttöönotto, 2) kaikkien sidosryhmien aktiivinen osallistuminen yhteistyöhön, 3) ekosysteemin kulttuurin luominen, 4) sulautetun oppimisen hyödyntäminen, 5) ohjaajatiimin perustaminen, 6) online-resurssipoolin luominen, 7) projektiperustaisen oppimisen soveltaminen ja 8) toimialakohtaisten menetelmien ja konseptien hyödyntäminen. Nämä suunnitteluperiaatteet voidaan edelleen tiivistää suunnittelukehyksen ominaisuuksiksi, joita ovat: 1) koheesio, 2) yhteistyö, 3) jakaminen, 4) virtuaalisuus, 5) integrointi, 6) työkalut, 7) ongelmanratkaisu ja 8) teknologia. Tämän insinööritieteitä ja kasvatustiedettä yhdistävän tutkimuksen tulokset ovat laajentaneet insinöörikoulutuksen tietämystä ja tuottaneet teoreettisesti ja empiirisesti perustellun uuden suunnittelukehyksen ICT-insinöörikoulutuksen digitaalisen oppimisen ekosysteemin suunnittelulle. Tämä tutkimus paikkaa aukon kansainvälisessä tutkimuskentässä ja luo vankan perustan jatkokeskusteluille, tutkimushankkeille ja edistysaskeleille globaalissa digitaalisessa muutoksessa. Lisäksi se edistää korkeakoulujen ja teollisuuden välistä yhteistyötä, mahdollistaen tiedon ja asiantuntemuksen vaihdon tällä nopeasti kehittyvällä alalla.The increasing digitalisation of society has significantly transformed our learning methods and work processes. In the field of information and communication technology (ICT) engineering education, the emergence of new digital technologies and the industrial revolution have created a need to develop new pedagogical approaches that seamlessly integrate with industry methods and practices. This dissertation focuses on creating a design framework for a digital learning ecosystem and supporting design principles that integrate online learning with engineering education, taking into account both educational policy perspectives and the experiences and expectations of community stakeholders. In this research, stakeholders include students, industry representatives, instructors in ICT engineering education and personnel involved in research and development projects in the ICT unit. The research is situated in the context of ICT engineering education at Lapland University of Applied Sciences. This study aims to ensure the realisation of an engaging and meaningful digital learning ecosystem, providing students with the opportunity to acquire the necessary skills and knowledge to solve real-world problems and prepare for the digitising industry. The purpose of this design-based research (DBR) is to deepen our understanding of the design and implementation requirements and principles of ICT engineering education. To achieve the research goals of this study, which addresses the main research question, ‘What are the design principles and characteristics of a digital learning ecosystem that align with the needs of stakeholders and the policies in ICT engineering education?’, three sub-studies were conducted, each reported as a separate article. The first two sub-studies covered the first cycle of the DBR, and the third sub-study covered the second cycle. In the first sub-study, the thoughts and experiences of stakeholders within the current learning ecosystem of ICT engineering education were investigated. The qualitative research data consisted of interviews with students and web survey responses collected from instructors and industry representatives. The results were analysed using content analysis. The second sub-study piloted project-based learning supported by a team collaboration platform in an integrated curriculum, utilising blended learning in the context of a community of inquiry (CoI). The students’ experiences were assessed through a CoI survey, and the usage of the team collaboration platform was analysed based on server log data. The focus of the third sub-study was on students’ experiences in a fully online environment, which were examined using the CoI instrument. The results of the CoI instrument in the second and third sub-studies were analysed using the Rasch rating scale analysis method. To gain a deeper understanding, the students were also asked to provide verbal accounts of their experiences and thoughts in the third sub-study. The results of each sub-study served as a basis for planning subsequent phases and interventions, supporting the progress of the DBR and enhancing the understanding of the topic. As a result of this doctoral research, a design framework for a digital learning ecosystem is proposed for ICT engineering education. The framework is supported by the following design principles: 1) adoption of a team collaboration platform, 2) active participation of all stakeholders in collaboration, 3) creation of an ecosystem culture, 4) utilisation of blended learning methods, 5) establishment of an instructor team, 6) creation of an online resource pool, 7) application of project-based learning methods, and 8) utilisation of industry-specific methods and concepts. These design principles can be further condensed into the characteristics of the design framework, which establishes a connection between the framework and the emerging ideologies of the present era. The characteristics of the framework include 1) cohesion, 2) collaboration, 3) sharing, 4) virtual, 5) integration, 6) tools, 7) problem-solving, and 8) technology. The results of this research, which combines the disciplines of engineering and educational sciences, have expanded the new knowledge of engineering education and generated a theoretically and empirically justified design framework for a digital learning ecosystem in ICT engineering education. This research is significant because it fills a gap in the international research landscape and provides a solid foundation for further discussions, research projects, and advancements in the global digital transformation. In addition, it promotes collaboration between higher education institutions and industry, enabling the exchange of knowledge and expertise in this rapidly evolving field

Youth tourism in South Africa : the English language travel sector

Language travel has gone largely unnoticed as a key contributor of youth tourism. The global language travel market is dominated by the UK and the US, with Canada, Australia, Ireland, Malta, and New Zealand also recognizing the importance of language travel for tourism. Little attention has been paid to language travel in research, including in South Africa. This article reviews the organization and development of the language travel industry in South Africa as an important aspect of the country’s youth tourism economy. South Africa’s language travel industry is explored in terms of its global position, development, size, key role players, structure, operation, and significance for the broader tourism industry. It is shown significant differences exist in the operation and source markets between inland and coastal language schools

Data assimilation using the Ensemble Adjustment Kalman filter with application to soil organic carbon modelling

Data assimilaatio on estimointi menetelmä, jolla voidaan yhdistää informaatiota useista eri lähteistä. Data assimilaatio menetelmien hyödyllisyys näkyy erityisesti kun yhdistetään epäsuoria havaintoja mallin tilaan. Tässä tutkielmassa keskitytään sekventiaalisiin data assimilaatio menetelmiin, jotka pohjautuvat Kalman filter -menetelmään. Kalman filter -menetelmä johdetaan Bayesin kaavasta ja sen pohjalta esitellään ensemble-menetelmiä, jotka usein ovat laskennallisesti kevyempiä approksimaatiota Kalman filter -menetelmästä. Tutkielmassa sovelletaan Ensemble Adjustment Kalman filter -menetelmään orgaanisen maahiilen hajoamista kuvaavaan Yasso-malliin. Yasson avulla mallinnetaan pitkäaikaista maahiiltä kuudelta eri pellolta. Ennusteita parannetaan data assimilaation avulla yhdistämällä ennusteeseen mittauksista saatu informaatio