¿Está la alfabetización en salud mental relacionada con diferentes tipos de afrontamiento? Comparando las correlaciones entre adolescentes, jóvenes-adultos y adultos.

Introduction: Mental health literacy is associated with better mental health outcomes and believed to improve the way people cope with life challenges and manage mental health issues. Nevertheless, no study has yet empirically examined the relationships between mental health literacy and the use of coping strategies. Aims: This study aims to describe the levels of mental health literacy (literacy about mental illness and literacy about positive mental health) and the use of coping (coping styles) in adolescents, young-adults and adults; To explore the relationship between coping and mental health literacy in each age group; To compare if patterns of significant correlations vary across groups. Methods: This is a cross-sectional / exploratory design study. We have collected online and through paper-pencil method three developmental samples: adolescents aged between 15-18 years old (N=240), young-adults aged between 19-36 (74) and adults aged between 37-75 (N=105). Measures used were: Positive Mental Health Questionnaire PosMHLitq (Maia de Carvalho et al., in preparation) to evaluate literacy about positive mental health; the Mental Health Literacy Questionnaire MHLq (Campos et al., 2016; Dias et al., 2018) and the Portuguese adaptation of the Brief Cope by Pais Ribeiro and Tavares (2004) to control coping styles. Results: Across the three developmental groups, most coping styles are associated with both literacy about mental illness and literacy about mental well-being, but with different patterns of correlation between coping/literacy about mental well-being/coping/literacy about mental illness and between groups. The Use of Emotional Support is the only coping style significantly associated with both mental health literacy about mental illness and literacy about mental well-being in adolescents, young-adults and adults. Conclusions: Future research should examine this findings with longitudinal design.Introducción: La alfabetización en salud mental se asocia con mejores resultados en salud mental y se cree que mejora la forma en que las personas afrontan los retos de la vida y gestionan los problemas de salud mental. Sin embargo, ningún estudio ha examinado empíricamente las relaciones entre la alfabetización en salud mental y el uso de estrategias de afrontamiento. Objetivos: Este estudio pretende describir los niveles de alfabetización en salud mental (alfabetización sobre la enfermedad mental y alfabetización sobre la salud mental positiva) y el uso del afrontamiento (estilos de afrontamiento) en adolescentes, jóvenes-adultos y adultos; explorar la relación entre el afrontamiento y la alfabetización en salud mental en cada grupo de edad; comparar si los patrones de las correlaciones significativas varían entre los grupos. Métodos: Este es un estudio de diseño transversal/exploratorio. Hemos recogido online y mediante el método de lápiz-papel tres muestras evolutivas: adolescentes de entre 15-18 años (N=240), jóvenes-adultos de entre 19-36 años (74) y adultos de entre 37-75 años (N=105). Las medidas utilizadas fueron: Cuestionario de Salud Mental Positiva PosMHLitq (Maia de Carvalho et al., en preparación) para evaluar la alfabetización sobre salud mental positiva; el Cuestionario de Alfabetización en Salud Mental MHLq (Campos et al., 2016; Dias et al., 2018) y la adaptación portuguesa del Brief Cope de Pais Ribeiro y Tavares (2004) para controlar los estilos de afrontamiento. Resultados: En los tres grupos de desarrollo, la mayoría de los estilos de afrontamiento se asocian tanto con la alfabetización sobre la enfermedad mental como con la alfabetización sobre el bienestar mental, pero con diferentes patrones de correlación entre afrontamiento/alfabetización sobre el bienestar mental/alfabetización sobre la enfermedad mental y entre los grupos. El uso de apoyo emocional es el único estilo de afrontamiento que se asocia significativamente tanto con la alfabetización sobre la enfermedad mental como con la alfabetización sobre el bienestar mental en adolescentes, jóvenes-adultos y adultos. Conclusiones: Las investigaciones futuras deberían examinar estos hallazgos con un diseño longitudinal

Niveles de miedo de COVID en una muestra de adolescentes: ¿Ayuda la alfabetización en salud mental?

Background: The Covid-19 pandemic generated great fear and anxiety across the world. Debates concerning mental health promotion and mental illness prevention have reinforced the importance of promoting mental health literacy and providing psychological help to the population. Nonetheless, no study has examined the effect of mental health literacy and psychological help in levels of fear of covid. Aims: This study aims to explore the relationship between literacy about mental illness, literacy about mental well-being, having consulted a psychologist / psychiatrist in the past and levels of fear of covid, in a sample of Portuguese adolescents. Methods: Using cross-sectional design we collected a sample of 345 adolescents (53.2% of the participants are female) aged between 15-18 years old, that filled during the months of May-June 2021 an online survey composed of a sociodemographic questionnaire, two mental health literacy scales – one measuring literacy about mental illness (Mental Health Literacy Questionnaire - MHLq), one measuring literacy about mental well-being (Positive Mental Health Literacy Questionnaire - PosMHLit) - and two questionnaires measuring coronavirus anxiety and fear of Covid (CAS and FCV-19S). In order to assess professional psychological help,subjects werealso asked if they had consulted a psychologist or psychiatrist in the past. Results: Fear of covid is related to mental health literacy and having psychological support in the past. Results from multiple regression analysis, on the other hand, suggest that variance in fear of covid is better explained by sociodemographic variables, such as gender, than by mental health literacy. Conclusions: Exploring the main findings and the relationships between variables, the implications of the results will be addressed.Introducción: La pandemia de Covid-19 ha generado gran temor y ansiedad en todo el mundo. Los debates sobre la promoción de la salud mental y la prevención de las enfermedades mentales han reforzado la importancia de promover la alfabetización en salud mental y proporcionar ayuda psicológica a la población. Sin embargo, ningún estudio ha examinado el efecto de los conocimientos sobre salud mental y la ayuda psicológica en los niveles de miedo de Covid. Objetivos: Este estudio tiene como objetivo explorar la relación entre la alfabetización en enfermedades mentales, la alfabetización en bienestar mental, el haber consultado a un psicólogo/psiquiatra en el pasado y los niveles de miedo a Covid, en una muestra de adolescentes portugueses. Metodología: Utilizando un diseño transversal, recogimos una muestra de 345 adolescentes (el 53,2% de los participantes son mujeres), de entre 15 y 18 años, que rellenaron durante mayo-junio de 2021 una encuesta online compuesta por un cuestionario sociodemográfico dos escalas de alfabetización en salud mental una que mide la alfabetización en enfermedad mental (Cuestionario de Alfabetización en Salud Mental - MHLq), la otra que mide la alfabetización en bienestar mental (Cuestionario de Alfabetización en Salud Mental Positiva -PosMHLit)- y dos cuestionarios que miden la ansiedad por coronavirus y el miedo a Covid (CAS y FCV-19S). Para evaluar la ayuda psicológica profesional, también se preguntó a los individuos si habían consultado a un psicólogo o psiquiatra en el pasado. Resultados: El miedo a la covid se relaciona con la alfabetización en salud mental y el apoyo psicológico en el pasado. Los resultados de los análisis de regresión múltiple, por otro lado, sugieren que la variación en el miedo a la covida se explica mejor por variables sociodemográficas, como el género, que por los conocimientos de salud mental. Conclusiones: se exploran las principales conclusiones y las relaciones entre las variables, y se abordan las implicaciones de los resultados

Células T específicas de lípidos em doente com Mucopolissacaridose VI

Mestrado em Biologia Molecular e CelularDoenças de sobrecarga lisossomal (DSL) são um grupo de doenças metabólicas hereditárias causadas pela acumulação de moléculas não degradadas nos lisossomas, devido sobretudo a defeitos em enzimas lisossomais. Mucopolissacaridoses são DSL caracterizadas pela acumulação de glicosaminoglicanos anteriormente designados mucopolissacarídeos. O foco deste trabalho é a Mucopolissacaridose tipo VI (MPS VI), que resulta da defeciência de uma hidrolase lisossomal (Arylsulfatase B) responsável pela degradação do sulfato de dermatan, o que leva á acumulação desta macromolécula nos doentes. O lisossoma é um organelo importante na apresentação de antigénios lipídicos ás células T. A apresentação de antigénios lipídicos é mediada por moléculas CD1 existentes nas células apresentadoras de antigénios. A ligação do antigénio lipídico ás moléculas CD1 das células apresentadoras leva á activação das células T restritas a CD1 (NKT). Existem cinco isoformas de moléculas CD1 (a, b, c, d, e), mas apenas quatro são capazes de apresentar antigénios (a, b, c, d). Um dos locais na célula onde a associação das moléculas CD1 com os antigénios lipídicos ocorre é o lisossoma, portanto a apresentação de antigénios lipídicos pode estar afectada em doentes com DSL. Células NKT são um grupo heterogéneo de células T que partilham propriedades das células T e das células natural killer . Em humanos existem três subpopulações de células iNKT dependendo da expressão de CD4 e CD8: CD4+ (apenas expressam CD4), CD8+ (apenas expressam CD8) e duplas negativas (DN) que não expressam nenhumas das duas moléculas. Em estudos prévios foi observado em modelos animais de várias DSL uma diminuição na percentagem de células iNKT. Em doentes de Fabry e Gaucher não foram encontradas alteraçoes. O objectivo deste trabalho é estudar os linfócitos incluindo as células iNKT, as células dendríticas (como células apresentadoras de antigénios) e apresentação de antigénios lipídicos em doentes com MPS VI. Não foram encontradas alterações na percentagem de células iNKT assim como nas suas subpopulações entre doentes com MPS VI e indivíduos controlos. Curiosamente encontramos um aumento na percentagem de linfócitos B em doentes com MPS VI quando comparados com indivíduos controlo. Para determinar o fenótipo das células dendríticas três doentes foram analisados, encontramos para alguns destes doentes uma diminuição na expressão das moléculas CD1a, CD11c e HLA-DR (MHC-class II), mas para tirar mas conclusões mais doentes precisam ser analisados. Três doentes com MPS VI foram analisados para testar a capacidade das suas células dendríticas apresentarem antigénios lipídicos pela molécula CD1b. Não foram encontradas alterações na capacidade destes doentes apresentarem o antigénio lipídico GM1 pela molécula CD1b. Pela primeira vez foram realizados ensaios de apresentação de antigénios lipídicos em doentes com MPS.Lysosomal storage diseases (LSD) are a group of hereditary metabolic disorders caused by accumulation of undegraded molecules in the lysosome, mainly due to the impairment of the function of lysosomal enzymes. Mucopolysaccharidoses are LSDs characterized by the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans previously designated Mucopolysaccharides. The focus of this work is the Mucopolysaccharidosis type VI (MPS VI), which is a disorder caused by a deficiency in a lysosomal hydrolase (Arylsulfatase B) responsible for the dermatan sulfate degradation, that leads to an accumulation of this macromolecule in the patients. Lysosome is an important organelle in the presentation of lipid antigen to T cells. Lipid antigen presentation is mediated by CD1 molecules existent in the antigen presenting cells. The binding of lipid antigens and the presenting cells containing CD1 molecules lead to activation of T cells that respond to those molecules. There are five isoforms of CD1 molecules (a, b, c, d, e), but only four are antigen presenting (a, b, c, d). One of the cell locations where the association of the CD1 molecules and lipid antigens occurs is the lysosome, so that means that antigen presentation could be affected in LSDs patients. NKT cells are a heterogeneous group of T cells that share properties with T cells and natural killer cells. In humans there are three subpopulations depending on the expression of CD4 and CD8 molecules: CD4+ (only express CD4), CD8+ (only express CD8) and double negative (DN) that do not express any of them. In previous studies a decrease in the percentage of iNKT cells were observed in mouse models of several LSDs. However in patients with Fabry and Gaucher diseases no alterations were found. The aim of this work is to study the lymphocytes including the iNKT cells, the dendritic cells (as antigen presenting cells) and the lipid antigen presentation in MPS VI patients. We found no alterations in the percentage of the iNKT cells and in their subsets between MPS VI patients and control subjects. Interestingly we found an increase in the percentage of the B lymphocyte population in MPS VI patients when compared with control subjects. For dendritic cells phenotype three patients were analyzed, we found for some of them a decrease of the expression of CD1a, CD11c and HLA-DR (MHC-class II) however, more patients need to be study before conclusions can be drawn. In lipid antigen presenting assays, three patients were tested for the capacity of their dendritic cells to present lipid antigens by CD1b molecule. We found no alterations in patients’ capacity to present the lipid antigen GM1 by CD1b molecule. Studies regarding the lipid antigen presentation were for the first time performed in MPS

Validation and evaluation of selected organic pollutants in shrimp and seawater samples from the nw portuguese coast

Funding Information: Funding: This work was supported by UIDB/50006/2020 by the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)/Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior (MCTES) through national funds. The authors also thank FCT and the European Union’s H2020 Research and Innovation Program for funding through the project Systemic—An integrated approach to the challenge of sustainable food systems: adaptive and mitigatory strategies to address climate change and malnutrition. Maria Luz Maia is grateful to FCT) and ESF (European Social Fund) through POCH (Programa Operacional Capital Humano) for the PhD grant SFRH/BD/128817/2017. Funding Information: This work was supported by UIDB/50006/2020 by the Funda??o para a Ci?ncia e a Tecnologia (FCT)/Minist?rio da Ci?ncia, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior (MCTES) through national funds. The authors also thank FCT and the European Union?s H2020 Research and Innovation Program for funding through the project Systemic?An integrated approach to the challenge of sustainable food systems: adaptive and mitigatory strategies to address climate change and malnutrition. Maria Luz Maia is grateful to FCT) and ESF (European Social Fund) through POCH (Programa Operacional Capital Humano) for the PhD grant SFRH/BD/128817/2017. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.The development of coastal regions has contributed to the intensification of environmental contamination, which can accumulate in aquatic biota, such as shrimps. These crustaceans, besides being delicious and being a good source of nutrients, can also accumulate environmental pollutants. Amongst others, these include organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs), brominated flame retardants (BFRs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and synthetic musks (SMs). These pollutants, classified as endocrine disruptors, are related to adverse effects in humans and since one of the major routes of exposition is ingestion, this is a cause for concern regarding their presence in food. The aim of the present study was to quantify the presence of environmental pollutants in shrimp samples and in the water from their habitat along the northwest Portuguese coast. In seawater samples, only two OCPs (lindane and DDD) and one BFR (BTBPE) were detected, and in shrimp samples, one OCP (DDD) and three SMs (HHCB, AHTN and ketone) were found. Bioaccumulation and the risk assessment of dietary exposure of SMs in shrimp samples were investigated. It was observed that all shrimp samples analyzed significantly presented bioaccumulation of the three SMs found. Concentrations of SMs detected in shrimp samples do not present a health risk for the adult Portuguese population.publishersversionpublishe

Saúde mental e desenvolvimento pessoal positivo

En este artículo se discute un nuevo enfoque a la salud mental, abordada desde su autodesarrollo positivo. Para comenzar, las perspectivas patogénicas y salutogénicas de la salud mental son presentadas con relación a sus raíces históricas y culturales. Reconociendo el papel que ha venido desempeñando la psicología positiva en el estudio de la salud positiva, los dos modelos continuos de salud y enfermedad mental explorados por Corey Keyes (Keyes, 2002, 2005; Westerhof &Amp; Keyes, 2010) son resaltados. Para comprender los criterios dentro del modelo de salud mental que presentamos, clarificamos la importancia del bienestar (sentimiento de bienestar, bienestar psicológico y bienestar social) para lograr una completa salud mental. Un enfoque para prevenir y tratar las enfermedades mentales, así como para proteger y promover la salud mental, es considerado el punto clave para abordar el potencial del desarrollo humano.In this article a new approach to mental health, which addresses positive self development, is discussed. To start, pathogenic and salutogenic perspectives of mental health are presented in respect to its historical and cultural roots. Recognizing the role that Positive Psychology has been playing on the study of positive health, the two continua model of mental health and mental illness explored by Corey Keyes (Keyes, 2002, 2005; Westerhof & Keyes, 2010) is highlighted. To understand the criteria within the mental health model, the importance of well-being (emotion well-being, psychological well-being and social well-being) and flourishing for attaining complete mental health are clarified. An approach to prevent and treat mental illness, so as to protect and promote mental health, is considered the key-point for addressing human potential development.Neste artigo é discutida uma nova abordagem à saúde mental que contempla o desenvolvimento pessoal positivo. Começamos por apresentar as perspetivas patogénica e salutogénica de saúde mental, enquadrando-as em termos históricos e culturais. Conferindo à área da Psicologia Positiva um papel fundamental no estudo da saúde positiva, destacamos o modelo dos dois contínuos de saúde mental e de doença mental explorado por Corey Keyes (Keyes, 2002, 2005; Westerhof & Keyes, 2010). Para compreender os critérios do modelo de saúde mental apresentado clarificamos a importância do bem-estar (bem-estar emocional, bem-estar psicológico, bem-estar social) e do florescimento no alcance de um estado de saúde mental completo. Para concluir, consideramos como fator chave para o desenvolvimento do potencial humano uma abordagem que se ocupe da prevenção e tratamento da doença mental e da proteção e promoção da saúde mental.peerReviewe

Roads to positive self-development: styles of coping that predict well-being

La literatura científica viene registrando un creciente interés en el campo del bienestar. Aunque el consenso conceptual es que el afrontamiento es uno de los factores responsables de la preservación del bienestar a lo largo de la vida, pocas investigaciones empíricas abordan esta cuestión usando medidas apropiadas del bienestar. Así, este trabajo apuntaba esencialmente a explorar las relaciones entre bienestar y afrontamiento, examinando más específicamente la influencia de los estilos de afrontamiento en el bienestar psicológico. Para ello, se trabajó con una muestra de 293 individuos con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y los 84 años que completaron tres instrumentos: un Cuestionario Socio-Demográfico (Maia de Carvalho y Vale Dias, 2010), la versión en portugués de Brief Cope (Carver, 1997) de Pais- Ribeiro y Rodrigues (2004) y la versión portuguesa de las Escalas de Bienestar Psicológico de Carol Ryff (1989b) por Ferreira y Simões (1999). Se encontró que estilos particulares de afrontamiento predicen dimensiones específicas del bienestar psicológico y que los factores socio-demográficos explican una pequeña proporción de la varianza en el bienestar. La discusión abordó las implicaciones de los resultados con respecto a la comprensión del desarrollo del bienestar.Scientific literature has been registering an increasing interest in the field of well-being. Though the conceptual consensus is that coping is one of the factors responsible for well-being preservation through life span, few empirical researches address this issue using appropriate well-being measures. Thus, this work aimed essentially to explore the relations between well-being and coping, examining more specifically the influence of styles of coping in psychological well-being. In order to do so, we worked with a sample of 293 individuals with ages ranging from 18 to 84 years old, which completed three instruments: a Socio-Demographic Questionnaire (Maia de Carvalho & Vale Dias, 2010), the Portuguese version of Brief Cope (Carver, 1997) by Pais- Ribeiro and Rodrigues (2004) and the Portuguese version of the Psychological Well-Being Scales from Carol Ryff (1989b) by Ferreira and Simões (1999). It was found that particular styles of coping predict specific dimensions of psychological well-being and that socio-demographic factors explain a small proportion of the variance in well-being. The discussion addressed the results implications regarding the understanding of well-being development.peerReviewe

Relações entre perceção da parentalidade, resiliência e rendimento académico no ensino profissional

Nesta pesquisa pretendeu-se analisar as relações entre a perceção da qualidade da parentalidade, a resiliência e o rendimento escolar de adolescentes do ensino profissional. Investigaram-se ainda os contributos de variáveis sociodemográficas relevantes. A amostra utilizada incluiu cerca de três centenas de adolescentes a frequentar escolas profissionais no Centro de Portugal, os quais responderam a instrumentos de autorrelato. Para além da importância do papel desempenhado por certas variáveis sociodemográficas, os resultados obtidos sugerem que a perceção do amor parental (versus hostilidade) se relaciona positivamente com os recursos de resiliência, podendo assumir um papel positivo no desenvolvimento adaptativo do adolescente

Mental health literacy, stigma, shame and self criticism: a study among young adults

Alfabetización en salud mental (MHL) y estigmatización de la enfermedad mental (SIG) representan los nuevos horizontes de estudio e intervención, especialmente importante en ambas comunidades y contextos clínicos (Comisión Europea y el portugués Ministerio de Salud, 2010). En este trabajo se pretende: a) describir una muestra clínica (CS) y no clínica (NCG) en los aspectos relacionados con los antecedentes familiares de psicopatología, contacto con la enfermedad mental y "aprendizaje acerca de la enfermedad mental"; b) diferenciar grupos en términos de MHL, vergüenza y autocrítica y, en la muestra clínica, d) probar la relación entre el propio autoestigma, la vergüenza y la autocrítica y la muestra clínica; e) explorar el papel predictor del apoyo de otros en la autoestigmatización. Para ello se recogieron los datos de una muestra de 187 adultos jóvenes, incluyendo CS y GNC, usando: un cuestionario sociobiográfico; opiniones acerca de la Enfermedad Mental (Cohen & Struening, 1962); otros como la Shamer Scale (Goss, Gilbert y Allan, 1994); Internalized Shame Scale (Cook, 1994); y Forms of Self Criticizing and Self Reassuring Scale (Gilbert, Clarke, Hempel, millas, y planchas, 2004). Nuestros resultados muestran que: la mayoría de los sujetos aprendieron en la escuela qué es la enfermedad mental; CS conoce más gente que tiene o ha tenido enfermedades mentales que NCG; no hay diferencias en MHL; la vergüenza y la autocrítica son mayores en el CS y se correlacionan con el auto estigma. Se presentan varias investigaciones e implicaciones clínicas.Mental health literacy (MHL) and mental illness stigma (MIS) represent new horizons of study and intervention, particularly important, for both communities and clinical settings (European Commission & Portuguese Ministry of Health, 2010). In this paper we aimed to: a) describe a clinical sample (CS) and non clinical group (NCG) in aspects related to family history of psychopathology, contact with mental illness and “learning about mental illness”; b) differentiate groups in terms of MHL, shame and self criticism; c) test associations between MHL with shame and self criticism; and, in the clinical sample, d) test the relationship between self stigma, shame and self criticism; e) explore the predictor role of other’s support in self stigma. To do so we collected data from a sample of 187 young adults, including CS and NCG, using: a Sociobiographic Questionnaire; Opinions about Mental Illness (Cohen & Struening, 1962); Other as Shamer Scale (Goss, Gilbert & Allan, 1994); Internalized Shame Scale (Cook, 1994); and Forms of Self Criticizing and Self Reassuring Scale (Gilbert, Clarke, Hempel, Miles, & Irons, 2004). Our results show that: most of the subjects learned what is mental illness at school; CS know more people that has or had mental illness than NCG; there are no differences on MHL within samples; shame and self criticism are higher in the CS and correlate with self stigma; others support predict self-stigma. Several research and clinical implications are presented.peerReviewe

Organochlorine pesticides, brominated flame retardants, synthetic musks and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in shrimps. An overview of occurrence and its implication on human exposure

Shrimps are widely distributed in coastal areas, estuaries and rivers. Although this shellfish is a good source of nutrients, it can also accumulate environmental contaminants, such as organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), brominated flame retardants (BFRs), synthetic musks (SMs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Due to their bioaccumulative properties, these pollutants are endocrine disruptors. In this review, an overview of the world's shrimp market, pollutants legislation and values found in shrimp samples will be discussed. Shrimps analysed from all continents showed the presence of contaminants, Asia being the continent with the highest values reported. The concentration values reached a maximum of 26100 ng/g wet weight (ww) for OCPs, of 226.45 ng/g ww for BFRs, of 12.1 ng/g ww for SMs and of 50650 ng/g ww for PAHs. Exposure data and risk, taken from different studies, are very variable and indicate that shrimp's consumption may represent a risk especially in certain geographic areas.publishersversionpublishe