tert-Butylcarbamate-Containing Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors: Apoptosis Induction, Cytodifferentiation, and Antiproliferative Activities in Cancer Cells

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Lithium carbonate accelerates the healing of apical periodontitis

Apical periodontitis is a disease caused by bacterial invasions through the root canals. Our previous study reported that lithium chloride (LiCl) had a healing effect on apical periodontitis. The aim of this report is to investigate the healing properties and mechanism of lithium ion (Li+) for apical periodontitis using rat root canal treatment model. 10-week-old male Wistar rat’s mandibular first molars with experimentally induced apical periodontitis underwent root canal treatment and were applied lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) containing intracanal medicament. Base material of the medicament was used as a control. Subject teeth were scanned by micro-CT every week and the periapical lesion volume was evaluated. The lesion volume of Li2CO3 group was significantly smaller than that of the control group. Histological analysis showed that in Li2CO3 group, M2 macrophages and regulatory T cells were induced in the periapical lesion. In situ hybridization experiments revealed a greater expression of Col1a1 in Li2CO3 group compared with the control group. At 24 h after application of intracanal medicament, Axin2-positive cells were distributed in Li2CO3 group. In conclusion, Li2CO3 stimulates Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and accelerate the healing process of apical periodontitis, modulating the immune system and the bone metabolism.Kagioka T., Itoh S., Hue M.T., et al. Lithium carbonate accelerates the healing of apical periodontitis. Scientific Reports 13, 7886 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-34700-z

NOTCH activation promotes glycosyltransferase expression in human myeloid leukemia cells

NOTCH signaling diversely regulates the growth of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. It is known that glycosylation of NOTCH receptors modulates NOTCH activation. However, little is known about glycosylation of NOTCH in AML cells. We examined the effects of ligand-induced NOTCH activation on the expression of NOTCHmodifying glycosyltransferases in two AML cell lines, THP-1 and TMD7. The cells were stimulated with recombinant NOTCH ligands JAGGED1 and DELTA1, and subjected to immunoblot analysis to evaluate the expression levels of glycosyltransferases. Ligand stimulation promoted the expression of POFUT1, LFNG, MFNG, RFNG, GXYLT1, GXYLT2, and XXYLT1 in THP-1 cells, and that of RFNG and GXYLT1 in TMD7 cells. We found that NOTCH activation promoted the expression of several glycosyltransferases in AML cells. This suggests that NOTCH activation modulates its sensitivity to NOTCH ligands by increased glycosylation of NOTCH receptors in AML cells. Further investigation is needed to elucidate its biological significance

Pyrrole-Based Hydroxamates and 2-Aminoanilides: Histone Deacetylase Inhibition and Cellular Activities

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Coherent electrical control of a single high-spin nucleus in silicon

Nuclear spins are highly coherent quantum objects. In large ensembles, their control and detection via magnetic resonance is widely exploited, for example, in chemistry, medicine, materials science and mining. Nuclear spins also featured in early proposals for solid-state quantum computers1 and demonstrations of quantum search2 and factoring3 algorithms. Scaling up such concepts requires controlling individual nuclei, which can be detected when coupled to an electron4–6. However, the need to address the nuclei via oscillating magnetic fields complicates their integration in multi-spin nanoscale devices, because the field cannot be localized or screened. Control via electric fields would resolve this problem, but previous methods7–9 relied on transducing electric signals into magnetic fields via the electron–nuclear hyperfine interaction, which severely affects nuclear coherence. Here we demonstrate the coherent quantum control of a single 123Sb (spin-7/2) nucleus using localized electric fields produced within a silicon nanoelectronic device. The method exploits an idea proposed in 196110 but not previously realized experimentally with a single nucleus. Our results are quantitatively supported by a microscopic theoretical model that reveals how the purely electrical modulation of the nuclear electric quadrupole interaction results in coherent nuclear spin transitions that are uniquely addressable owing to lattice strain. The spin dephasing time, 0.1 seconds, is orders of magnitude longer than those obtained by methods that require a coupled electron spin to achieve electrical driving. These results show that high-spin quadrupolar nuclei could be deployed as chaotic models, strain sensors and hybrid spin-mechanical quantum systems using all-electrical controls. Integrating electrically controllable nuclei with quantum dots11,12 could pave the way to scalable, nuclear- and electron-spin-based quantum computers in silicon that operate without the need for oscillating magnetic fields

The Impact of PNPLA3 rs738409 Genetic Polymorphism and Weight Gain ≥10 kg after Age 20 on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Non-Obese Japanese Individuals.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in non-obese individuals is inadequately elucidated. We aim to investigate the impact of known genetic polymorphisms on NAFLD and the interaction between genetic risks and weight gain on NAFLD in obese and non-obese Japanese individuals. A total of 1164 participants who received health checkups were included. Participants with excessive alcohol consumption, with viral hepatitis or other inappropriate cases were excluded. Fatty liver was diagnosed by ultrasonography. Participants with a body mass index (BMI) of <18.5 kg/m2, 18.5-22.9 kg/m2, 23.0-24.9 kg/m2 and ≥25 kg/m2 were classified underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese, respectively. Self-administered questionnaire for lifestyle was assessed and a total of 8 previously reported genetic polymorphisms were chosen and examined. In all, 824 subjects were enrolled. The overall prevalence of NAFLD was 33.0%: 0% in underweight, 15.3% in normal weight, 41.1% in overweight and 71.7% in obese individuals. The prevalence of NAFLD is more affected by the G allele of patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) rs738409 in normal weight (odds ratio (OR) 3.52; 95%-CI: 1.42-8.71; P = 0.0063) and in overweight individuals (OR 2.60; 95%-CI: 1.14-5.91; P = 0.0225) than in obese individuals (not significant). Moreover, the G allele of PNPLA3 rs738409 and weight gain ≥10 kg after age 20 had a joint effect on the risk of NAFLD in the normal weight (OR 12.00; 95% CI: 3.71-38.79; P = 3.3×10-5) and the overweight individuals (OR 13.40; 95% CI: 2.92-61.36; P = 0.0008). The G allele of PNPLA3 rs738409 is a prominent risk factor for NAFLD and the interaction between the PNPLA3 rs738409 and weight gain ≥10 kg after age 20 plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, especially in non-obese Japanese individuals

Bounds to electron spin qubit variability for scalable CMOS architectures

Spins of electrons in CMOS quantum dots combine exquisite quantum properties and scalable fabrication. In the age of quantum technology, however, the metrics that crowned Si/SiO2 as the microelectronics standard need to be reassessed with respect to their impact upon qubit performance. We chart the spin qubit variability due to the unavoidable atomic-scale roughness of the Si/SiO$_2$ interface, compiling experiments in 12 devices, and developing theoretical tools to analyse these results. Atomistic tight binding and path integral Monte Carlo methods are adapted for describing fluctuations in devices with millions of atoms by directly analysing their wavefunctions and electron paths instead of their energy spectra. We correlate the effect of roughness with the variability in qubit position, deformation, valley splitting, valley phase, spin-orbit coupling and exchange coupling. These variabilities are found to be bounded and lie within the tolerances for scalable architectures for quantum computing as long as robust control methods are incorporated.Comment: 20 pages, 8 figure