A High Order Solution of Three Dimensional TIME Dependent Nonlinear Convective-diffusive Problem Using Modified Variational Iteration Method

In this paper, we have achieved high order solution of a three dimensional nonlinear diffusive-convective problem using modified variational iteration method. The efficiency of this approach has been shown by solving two examples. All computational work has been performed in MATHEMATICA

Development of fabric smoothness tester

An instrument has been designed and developed to measure the smoothness behavior of finished cotton fabrics. The instrument is based on pendulum principle. The weight (hang on string) comprises a frictionless wheel movable along arc shaped platform. The platform acts as a sample holder. When the weight is subjected to push, it swings back and forth in the platform. The amplitude of the swing reduces due to friction of the fabric. The amplitude is inversely proportional to the friction or roughness of the fabric. Various types of finished cotton fabrics are tested on the developed instrument. The results are compared with Kawabata system to verify the working of instrument. These results are also compared with the bending length and crease recovery behavior of the particular fabric sample. It is found that the lesser the bending length the more will be the smoothness. If the crease recovery angle is high, the fabric will be smoother. One way analysis of variance has been applied to find out effect of different processes on fabric surface smoothness property

An apparatus for quantification of light and temperature cutting ability of curtains

An apparatus has been designed and developed to measure the light cutting/absorbing ability of curtains and to provide useful information on their temperature cutting ability. The apparatus is provided with various light sources with light, temperature and humidity detectors. The reproducibility of results, and effect of intensity of light (MBTL light source) on light and temperature cutting ability of six different fabric samples have been studied. The light and temperature cutting ability of the knitted fabric is found to be lower than that of woven and black out curtain fabric samples

One Ion to Rule Them All: Combined Antibacterial, Osteoinductive and Anticancer Properties of Selenite-Incorporated Hydroxyapatite

Although hydroxyapatite (HAp) has been doped with dozens of different ions, the quest for an ion imparting a combination of properties conducive to bone healing is still ongoing. Because of its protean potency and the similarity in size and shape to the phosphate tetrahedron, the selenite ion presents a natural ionic substitute in HAp. The incorporation of selenite into synthetic HAp using two different methods – co-precipitation and ion-exchange sorption – was studied for its effect on crystal properties and on a triad of biological responses: antibacterial, anticancer and osteoinductive. Co-precipitation yielded HAp with a higher selenite content than sorption and the stoichiometry of HAp richest in selenite was represented as Ca9.75(PO4)5.75(SeO3)0.25(OH)1.75. The crystallinity of HAp decreased in direct proportion to the amount of selenite incorporated. Because of their lower selenite content, HAp powders prepared by ion-exchange exhibited a consistently higher crystallinity compared to the co-precipitated ones. Annealing partially recovered the crystallinity, yet the difference in crystallinity between powders prepared by co-precipitation and by ion-exchange remained, suggesting that the amorphization is mainly due to structural incorporation of selenite, not its effect on the crystal growth kinetics. The addition of selenite changed the morphology of the HAp nanoparticles from acicular to rounded and affected the crystal lattice parameters in different ways depending on whether the powders were annealed or not. As for the annealed powders, the incorporation of selenite contracted the lattice in both the a and c crystallographic directions. In the agar diffusion assay, the effectiveness of HAp was more dependent on the presence or absence of selenite in it than on its concentration and was the highest against E. coli and S. aureus, moderately high against S. enteritidis and ineffective against P. aeruginosa. In liquid inoculation tests, on the other hand, the antibacterial activity of HAp was directly proportional to the amount of selenite contained in it. The viability of K7M2 osteosarcoma cells decreased in direct proportion to the amount of selenite in HAp and was significantly different from the untreated control and from pure HAp at a content equal to or higher than 1.9 wt%. In contrast, no reduction was observed in the viability of primary fibroblasts treated with HAp incorporating different amounts of selenite ions, suggesting their potentially selective anticancer activity: lethal for cancer cells and harmless for healthy cells. Finally, mRNA expression of the bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein (BGLAP3) was higher in differentiated MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells treated with selenite-incorporated HAp particles than in cells treated with pure HAp. The osteoinductive effect was due to an overall higher metabolic activity of cells treated with the particles and not due to increased proliferation. In such a way, a triad of antibacterial, osteoinductive and anticancer activities was attributed to selenite-incorporated HAp

Study on flame retardant properties of poly(lactic acid) fibre fabrics

Polylactic acid  and its blended yarns with various fibres have been converted in to woven fabrics. These fabric samples have been scoured and then tested for mechanical and flame retardant properties. The results indicate that the high alkaline scouring severely damages polylactic acid fibre. Therefore, mild alkaline scouring is done for further studies. The scoured fabric samples are tested for various flame retardant properties and compared with polyester blended fabrics. Results indicate that polylactic acid fibre is not suitable for upholstery, apparel and work wear in terms of flame retardant properties

Development of fabric smoothness tester

190-196An instrument has been designed and developed to measure the smoothness behavior of finished cotton fabrics. The instrument is based on pendulum principle. The weight (hang on string) comprises a frictionless wheel movable along arc shaped platform. The platform acts as a sample holder. When the weight is subjected to push, it swings back and forth in the platform. The amplitude of the swing reduces due to friction of the fabric. The amplitude is inversely proportional to the friction or roughness of the fabric. Various types of finished cotton fabrics are tested on the developed instrument. The results are compared with Kawabata system to verify the working of instrument. These results are also compared with the bending length and crease recovery behavior of the particular fabric sample. It is found that the lesser the bending length the more will be the smoothness. If the crease recovery angle is high, the fabric will be smoother. One way analysis of variance has been applied to find out effect of different processes on fabric surface smoothness property

abd-A Regulation by the iab-8 Noncoding RNA

The homeotic genes in Drosophila melanogaster are aligned on the chromosome in the order of the body segments that they affect. The genes affecting the more posterior segments repress the more anterior genes. This posterior dominance rule must be qualified in the case of abdominal-A (abd-A) repression by Abdominal-B (Abd-B). Animals lacking Abd-B show ectopic expression of abd-A in the epidermis of the eighth abdominal segment, but not in the central nervous system. Repression in these neuronal cells is accomplished by a 92 kb noncoding RNA. This “iab-8 RNA” produces a micro RNA to repress abd-A, but also has a second, redundant repression mechanism that acts only “in cis.” Transcriptional interference with the abd-A promoter is the most likely mechanism

Contemporary management of primary parapharyngeal space tumors

The parapharyngeal space is a complex anatomical area. Primary parapharyngeal tumors are rare tumors and 80% of them are benign. A variety of tumor types can develop in this location; most common are salivary gland neoplasm and neurogenic tumors. The management of these tumors has improved greatly owing to the developments in imaging techniques, surgery, and radiotherapy. Most tumors can be removed with a low rate of complications and recurrence. The transcervical approach is the most frequently used. In some cases, minimally invasive approaches may be used alone or in combination with a limited transcervical route, allowing large tumors to be removed by reducing morbidity of expanded approaches. An adequate knowledge of the anatomy and a careful surgical plan is essential to tailor management according to the patient and the tumor. The purpose of the present review was to update current aspects of knowledge related to this more challenging area of tumor occurrence.Peer reviewe

Colostrum is required for the postnatal ontogeny of small intestine innate lymphoid type 2 cells and successful anti‐helminth defences

No abstract available

Initiator Elements Function to Determine the Activity State of BX-C Enhancers

A >300 kb cis-regulatory region is required for the proper expression of the three bithorax complex (BX-C) homeotic genes. Based on genetic and transgenic analysis, a model has been proposed in which the numerous BX-C cis-regulatory elements are spatially restricted through the activation or repression of parasegment-specific chromatin domains. Particular early embryonic enhancers, called initiators, have been proposed to control this complex process. Here, in order to better understand the process of domain activation, we have undertaken a systematic in situ dissection of the iab-6 cis-regulatory domain using a new method, called InSIRT. Using this method, we create and genetically characterize mutations affecting iab-6 function, including mutations specifically modifying the iab-6 initiator. Through our mutagenesis of the iab-6 initiator, we provide strong evidence that initiators function not to directly control homeotic gene expression but rather as domain control centers to determine the activity state of the enhancers and silencers within a cis-regulatory domain