Minocycline, levodopa and MnTMPyP induced changes in the mitochondrial proteome profile of MPTP and maneb and paraquat mice models of Parkinson's disease

AbstractMitochondrial dysfunction is the foremost perpetrator of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration leading to Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the roles played by majority of the mitochondrial proteins in PD pathogenesis have not yet been deciphered. The present study investigated the effects of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and combined maneb and paraquat on the mitochondrial proteome of the nigrostriatal tissues in the presence or absence of minocycline, levodopa and manganese (III) tetrakis (1-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphyrin (MnTMPyP). The differentially expressed proteins were identified and proteome profiles were correlated with the pathological and biochemical anomalies induced by MPTP and maneb and paraquat. MPTP altered the expression of twelve while combined maneb and paraquat altered the expression of fourteen proteins. Minocycline, levodopa and MnTMPyP, respectively, restored the expression of three, seven and eight proteins in MPTP and seven, eight and eight proteins in maneb- and paraquat-treated groups. Although levodopa and MnTMPyP rescued from MPTP- and maneb- and paraquat-mediated increase in the microglial activation and decrease in manganese-superoxide dismutase expression and complex I activity, dopamine content and number of dopaminergic neurons, minocycline defended mainly against maneb- and paraquat-mediated alterations. The results demonstrate that MPTP and combined maneb and paraquat induce mitochondrial dysfunction and microglial activation and alter the expression of a bunch of mitochondrial proteins leading to the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration and minocycline, levodopa or MnTMPyP variably offset scores of such changes

Risk of secondhand smoke exposure and severity of COVID-19 infection: multicenter case–control study

IntroductionExposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) is an established causal risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic lung disease. Numerous studies have evaluated the role of tobacco in COVID-19 infection, severity, and mortality but missed the opportunity to assess the role of SHS. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine whether SHS is an independent risk factor for COVID-19 infection, severity, mortality, and other co-morbidities.MethodologyMulticentric case–control study was conducted across six states in India. Severe COVID-19 patients were chosen as our study cases, and mild and moderate COVID-19 as control were evaluated for exposure to SHS. The sample size was calculated using Epi-info version 7. A neighborhood-matching technique was utilized to address ecological variability and enhance comparability between cases and controls, considering age and sex as additional matching criteria. The binary logistic regression model was used to measure the association, and the results were presented using an adjusted odds ratio. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 24 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).ResultsA total of 672 cases of severe COVID-19 and 681 controls of mild and moderate COVID-19 were recruited in this study. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for SHS exposure at home was 3.03 (CI 95%: 2.29–4.02) compared to mild/moderate COVID-19, while SHS exposure at the workplace had odds of 2.19 (CI 95%: 1.43–3.35). Other factors significantly related to the severity of COVID-19 were a history of COVID-19 vaccination before illness, body mass index (BMI), and attached kitchen at home.DiscussionThe results of this study suggest that cumulative exposure to secondhand cigarette smoke is an independent risk factor for severe COVID-19 illness. More studies with the use of biomarkers and quantification of SHS exposure in the future are needed

Risk of diabetes among patients with osteoarthritis

Research Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) and osteoarthritis (OA) are common diseases that are predicted to increase in prevalence in the US and worldwide. Although a higher prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA) has been reported among diabetes mellitus (DM) patients, discrepancy and limitations of observational studies have precluded a decisive association. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between osteoarthritis (OA) and the incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM).  Methods: Study were conducted on Osteoarthritis subjects from both sex’s male and female from different age group during January 2020 to January 2022, at NIMS Super specialty Hospital Shobha Nagar,Jaipur (Rajasthan) India. OA of areas were finding out using the American College of Rheumatology classification criteria. Sociodemographic characteristics, health-related behaviors, comorbidities and DM clinical manifestations and laboratory parameters were determined. Result:  We were included 90 osteoarthritis patients in this study from both sex’s males (53.33%) and females (46.66%).&nbsp

The Industrial drying of green peas with PV strength assistance

A photovoltaic power-helped mechanical dryer has been dissected. The dryer has been analyzed in various atmosphere and working conditions with 3 kg of unpractised peas from 75.6% preparatory dampness substance to 39% last dampness content (w.b.). The effect of differing drying air temperatures at 3 territories (40, 50, and 60°C) and particular air speeds (2 m/s and 4 m/s) was inspected. Drying overall performance was assessed with regard to criteria which include drying kinetics, precise and total energy consumption, and colour and rehydration ratio.

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Not AvailableTwelve lactating Sahiwal cows were divided into three equal groups on the basis of milk yield (mean 8.39 L/day), parity and body weight. All the animals were fed concentrate mixture along with wheat straw and green oats (Concentrate mixture and roughages as 50:50; green oat and wheat straw as 60:40) as total mixed ration for 126 days. While group T1 was fed ration consisting of concentrate mixture without any additional mineral mixture and common salt, group T2 had 2 % mineral mixture and 1 % salt in their concentrate mixture and group T3 had 20 % seaweed (Sargassum wightii) in their concentrate mixture without additional mineral mixture and salt. A metabolism trial of 7 days collection period was conducted on all the experimental animals after 56 days of experiment. The results showed that there were no significant changes in nutrient intake and digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, crude fibre and ether extract. Similarly, there were no significant changes in milk composition (protein, fat, lactose, solid-not-fat) in different treatment groups. However, seaweed supplemented group had significantly (P < 0.05) higher milk yield and 4 % fat corrected milk yield than the other groups. Thus, incorporation of brown seaweed in the diet of lactating Sahiwal cows to the extent of 20 % in concentrate mixture increased their milk yieldNot Availabl

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Not AvailableSeaweeds are rich in minerals. The present experiment was designed to see the effect of replacing minerals and a part of concentrate mixture (CM) by seaweed in cows. Sahiwal cows (n = 12) were randomly blocked into three equal groups on the basis of milk yield (mean 8.39 L/day) and parity. Animals were offered concentrate mixtures along with wheat straw and green oat as total mixed ration (CM and roughages as 50:50; green oat and wheat straw as 60:40) for 126 days. Control animals (T1) were offered CM without mineral and salt premix; group T2 animals had 2 % mineral premix and 1 % salt in their CM while seaweed group (T3) had 20 % seaweed in their CM without additional mineral and salt. The results revealed no significant changes in plasma mineral profile and mineral metabolism except that of copper and zinc (P < 0.01) in the groups without mineral and salt (T1, T3). Milk mineral profile remained similar in all treatment groups except milk phosphorus, copper and zinc which were highest in T2 followed by T1 and T3. A clear trend was reflected in mineral metabolism and its status in blood and milk corresponding to that of dietary mineral composition. Thus, incorporation of brown seaweed in the diet of lactating Sahiwal cows (20 % in concentrate mixture) did not affect mineral metabolism and blood–milk mineral profiles, except copper and zinc; which need to be additionally supplemented in the diet.Not Availabl