Fotobiomodulação e terapia fotodinâmica em endodontia: relato de caso clínico

O objetivo do tratamento endodôntico consiste na desinfecção dos canais radiculares através do preparo químico-mecânico a fim de prevenir ou tratar a periodontite apical. Entretanto, em muitos casos, esses microrganismos não são completamente erradicados do interior dos canais infectados, sendo necessário lançar mão de medicações intracanal. As medicações intracanais são agentes antibacterianos que buscam conter os microrganismos presentes no interior do canal, dissolver tecidos, atuar como uma barreira física e controlar exsudato persistente. Seu uso tem sido uma alternativa na tentativa de eliminar o máximo de bactérias remanescentes. Porém, mesmo com o preparo químico-mecânico e a medicação intracanal algumas bactérias podem se apresentar resistentes e a desinfecção ser insuficiente para o sucesso do tratamento endodôntico. Diante disso, a terapia fotodinâmica (aPDT – Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy) surge como terapia alternativa, coadjuvante ao tratamento endodôntico. A aPDT e têm se mostrado bastante eficiente nesta etapa de desinfecção, além disso é de fácil e rápida aplicação clínica, não desenvolve resistência microbiana, podendo ser indicada em tratamentos endodônticos em sessão única ou em múltiplas sessões. Dessa forma, o presente estudo tem como objetivo apresentar um caso clínico sobre a utilização da terapia fotodinâmica na endodontia.&nbsp

Iodine status and supplementation in pregnancy: an overview of the evidence provided by meta-analyses

Iodine supplementation during pregnancy in areas with mild-moderate defciency is still a matter of debate. The present study aimed at systematically reviewing currently available evidences provided by meta-analyses with the aim to further clarify controversial aspects regarding the need of iodine supplementation in pregnancy as well as to provide guidance on clinical decision-making, even in areas with mild-moderate defciency. Medline, Embase and Cochrane search from 1969 to 2022 were performed. For the purpose of this review, only studies containing meta-analytic data were selected. A total of 7 meta-analyses were retrieved. Four meta-analyses evaluated the relationship between iodine status during pregnancy and neonatal and maternal outcomes suggesting the existence of a U-shaped correlation between iodine status and several maternal and neonatal consequences, especially if iodine status is evaluated at the beginning of pregnancy. Three meta-analyses evaluating the results of intervention trials failed to provide straightforward conclusions on the benefts of iodine supplementation in pregnant women in areas with mild-moderate iodine defciency. Although evidence coming from meta-analyses suggests a role of iodine status during pregnancy in determining maternal and child outcomes, results of meta-analyses of intervention trials are still controversial. Several factors including, degree of iodine defciency, and pooling studies conducted in areas with diferent iodine intake, may account for the lack of benefts reported by metaanalyses of intervention trials. More high-quality, randomized, controlled trials including information on timing, dose and regimen of iodine supplementation are needed to further elucidate this issue

Proficiency in performing radiofrequency ablation procedure for non-functioning benign thyroid nodules: a qualitative rather than quantitative matter

ObjectiveRadiofrequency ablation (RFA) is an emerging non-surgical treatment for benign thyroid nodules (BTN). Despite its proven safety profile, data on the learning curve (LC) required to achieve proficiency are still lacking.Materials and methodsThe first 179 RFA procedures performed by a single operator in patients with non-functioning BTN were retrospectively analyzed. Six-month nodule volume reduction rate (VRR) ≥ 50% was regarded as reflection of proficiency. Multiple linear regression analysis has been performed to determine the relationship between the VRR and clinical variables. Cumulative sum (CUSUM) charts were plotted to assess LCs for all consecutive procedures and in relation to basal nodule size. In details, Group 1 (G1): 57 patients with small nodules (<10 ml); Group 2 (G2): 87 patients with intermediate nodules (10 – 25 ml); Group 3 (G3): 35 patients with large size (> 25 ml).ResultsLC of all 179 procedures showed 3 phases: initial learning (1–39 procedures); consolidation (40–145 procedures); and experienced period (146–179 procedures). For G1 and G2 proficiency is achieved starting from the 10th procedure within the group (or 37th considering consecutively all procedures) and from the 59th procedure within the group (or 116th considering consecutively all procedures), respectively. LC of G3 did not detect operator proficiency.ConclusionSpecific LCs exist concerning the basal size of the nodule treated with RFA. In nodules with baseline volume > 25 ml suboptimal VRR has to be expected. Previously achieved experience on small-intermediate nodules does not seem to provide advantages in terms of higher VRR in the treatment of large nodules. Other potential and non-modifiable factors likely play a key role in the final volume reduction independently from the increased skill of the operator

Apolipoprotein E mediates evasion from hepatitis C virus−neutralizing antibodies

Background & Aims Efforts to develop an effective vaccine against hepatitis C virus (HCV) have been hindered by the propensity of the virus to evade host immune responses. HCV particles in serum and in cell culture associate with lipoproteins, which contribute to viral entry. Lipoprotein association has also been proposed to mediate viral evasion of the humoral immune response, though the mechanisms are poorly defined. Methods We used small interfering RNAs to reduce levels of apolipoprotein E (apoE) in cell culture−derived HCV−producing Huh7.5-derived hepatoma cells and confirmed its depletion by immunoblot analyses of purified viral particles. Before infection of naïve hepatoma cells, we exposed cell culture−derived HCV strains of different genotypes, subtypes, and variants to serum and polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies isolated from patients with chronic HCV infection. We analyzed the interaction of apoE with viral envelope glycoprotein E2 and HCV virions by immunoprecipitation. Results Through loss-of-function studies on patient-derived HCV variants of several genotypes and subtypes, we found that the HCV particle apoE allows the virus to avoid neutralization by patient-derived antibodies. Functional studies with human monoclonal antiviral antibodies showed that conformational epitopes of envelope glycoprotein E2 domains B and C were exposed after depletion of apoE. The level and conformation of virion-associated apoE affected the ability of the virus to escape neutralization by antibodies. Conclusions In cell-infection studies, we found that HCV-associated apoE helps the virus avoid neutralization by antibodies against HCV isolated from chronically infected patients. This method of immune evasion poses a challenge for the development of HCV vaccines

Relevamiento de la actividad avícola en el territorio norte del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires

La actividad avícola de la región Norte del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires está constituida principalmente por la producción de pollo parrillero y huevo fresco. Esta actividad agropecuaria resulta, después de la horticultura, segunda en importancia de producción en el ámbito cercano a la gran metrópolis. El avance urbano de los últimos años ha condicionado a la avicultura debido al surgimiento de nuevas disputas por la ocupación del suelo y de crecientes tensiones productivo-ambientales. La presencia de olores, moscas, la generación de grandes cantidades de residuos, y la cercanía a nuevos espacios urbanizados afectó negativamente el crecimiento y estabilidad de esta actividad productiva. Contar con un relevamiento de la avicultura en la zona, considerando la disposición y uso de desechos, permitirá intervenir tecnológicamente para minimizar los factores condicionantes de dicha actividad. El objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar un diagnóstico de la situación actual en el sector avícola del territorio norte del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, que constituya información de base para poder evaluar posibles intervenciones que contribuyan a la convivencia entre el sector residencial y productivo. Se realizaron encuestas personales a campo para evaluar variables como tamaño de granja, nivel tecnológico y manejo de residuos. Este trabajo permitió visualizar una gran diversidad tecnológica en las granjas del territorio y su incidencia sobre la logística de los residuos. Se observó que el actual manejo de los desechos puede acarrear riesgos sanitarios y ambientales, existiendo mayores limitaciones para la gestión del guano en las granjas dedicadas a la producción de huevos. Asimismo, a través de estos contactos se logró identificar productores interesados en agregar valor al residuo y transformar un problema en una oportunidad.The main poultry activities in the North Region of Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires province are broiler and egg production. This activity is ranked as second leading peri−urban agricultural production. Urban progress has conditioned the poultry activity because of new quarrels about land use and increasing environmental and productive pressure. The presence of unpleasant smells, flies, huge quantities of manure and proximity to new urbanized sites adversely affected the productive growth and stability. A survey of the poultry in the zone, considering the manure management could help to join in with appropriate technologies that minimize the conditioning factors of this activity. The aim of this work was to carry out a diagnostic of the current state of the poultry in the North region of Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires province that brings baseline information to evaluate possible interventions that allow the coexistence between residential and productive poles. We did personal inquiries at field. Variables as farm size, technological level and manure management were asked. This work allowed visualizing a great technological diversity among the interviewed farms. It was observed that the current poultry litter management could introduce sanitarian and environmental risk. The egg producers have more limitations for manure logistics than broiler farms. Also, we could identify producers that are interested in adding value to the litter and turn a problem in an opportunityEEA Area Metropolitana de Buenos AiresFil: Sepulcri, Maria Gabriela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires. Agencia de Extensión Rural Luján; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Cátedra de Alimentos y Alimentación Animal; ArgentinaFil: Palacios, Diego. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Magri, Laura Ines. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Barbano, Pablo Martin. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires. Agencia de Extensión Rural Luján; Argentina

Valorización ambiental de distintos compost obtenidos a partir de residuos de la producción porcina

El sistema de producción porcina en cama profunda genera un residuo sólido (RCP), constituido por el estiércol y orina animal, y un material vegetal utilizado como cama. El compostaje es una tecnología factible para el tratamiento de estos residuos, generando un nuevo producto que puede sustituir funcionalmente a materiales como la turba. Cuando se reemplaza la turba por compost, se evita su uso y todos los impactos ambientales asociados a su extracción y transporte, los cuales pueden ser considerados como un crédito para las cargas del ciclo de vida del compost. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el impacto ambiental del tratamiento y valorización de distintos compost obtenidos a partir de los RCP.Instituto de Ingeniería RuralFil: Magri, Laura Ines. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires.Agencia de Extensión Rural Luján; ArgentinaFil: Schein, Leila. Universidad Nacional del Luján (UNLu). Departamento de Ciencias Básicas; ArgentinaFil: Manosalva, Jonatan. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Ingeniería Rural; ArgentinaFil: Olleac, Milagros. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires. Agencia de Extensión Rural Luján; ArgentinaFil: Castro, Diego. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires. Agencia de Extensión Rural Luján; Argentin

Transcriptional Profiling of Rat Prefrontal Cortex after Acute Inescapable Footshock Stress

Stress is a primary risk factor for psychiatric disorders such as Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The response to stress involves the regulation of transcriptional programs, which is supposed to play a role in coping with stress. To evaluate transcriptional processes implemented after exposure to unavoidable traumatic stress, we applied microarray expression analysis to the PFC of rats exposed to acute footshock (FS) stress that were sacrificed immediately after the 40 min session or 2 h or 24 h after. While no substantial changes were observed at the single gene level immediately after the stress session, gene set enrichment analysis showed alterations in neuronal pathways associated with glia development, glia-neuron networking, and synaptic function. Furthermore, we found alterations in the expression of gene sets regulated by specific transcription factors that could represent master regulators of the acute stress response. Of note, these pathways and transcriptional programs are activated during the early stress response (immediately after FS) and are already turned off after 2 h-while at 24 h, the transcriptional profile is largely unaffected. Overall, our analysis provided a transcriptional landscape of the early changes triggered by acute unavoidable FS stress in the PFC of rats, suggesting that the transcriptional wave is fast and mild, but probably enough to activate a cellular response to acute stress

Progressive myoclonus epilepsies due to SEMA6B mutations. New variants and appraisal of published phenotypes

Variants of SEMA6B have been identified in an increasing number of patients, often presenting with progressive myoclonus epilepsy (PME), and to lesser extent developmental encephalopathy, with or without epilepsy. The exon 17 is mainly involved, with truncating mutations causing the production of aberrant proteins with toxic gain of function. Herein, we describe three adjunctive patients carrying de novo truncating SEMA6B variants in this exon (c.1976delC and c.2086C > T novel; c.1978delC previously reported). These subjects presented with PME preceded by developmental delay, motor and cognitive impairment, worsening myoclonus, and epilepsy with polymorphic features, including focal to bilateral seizures in two, and non-convulsive status epilepticus in one. The evidence of developmental delay in these cases suggests their inclusion in the “PME plus developmental delay” nosological group. This work further expands our knowledge of SEMA6B variants causing PMEs. However, the data to date available confirms that phenotypic features do not correlate with the type or location of variants, aspects that need to be further clarified by future studie

Continuing evidence that COVID-19 has influenced syphilis epidemiology in Rome

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Orientação sobre saúde, segurança e primeiros socorros na cafeicultura: uma abordagem multiprofissional/ Guidance on health, safety and first aid in coffee culture: a multiprofessional approach

As questões de saúde, segurança e primeiros socorros devem ser tratadas de forma integrada e multidisciplinar nos diversos segmentos e atividades econômicas. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo apresentar relato de experiência sobre atividade educativa desenvolvida pelos estudantes do curso Técnico em Enfermagem e Agronomia em orientação de produtores rurais durante atividade de dia de campo. Os discentes foram capacitados sobre os temas: importância da prevenção de acidentes de trabalho na cafeicultura, medidas de proteção no uso de agrotóxicos, importância da proteção do eixo cardã, primeiros socorros em caso de ferimentos, intoxicações exógenas e acidentes com animais peçonhentos. Posteriormente, com auxílio dos docentes, elaboraram materiais didáticos e educativos, planejaram, organizaram e realizaram orientação diretamente aos cafeicultores. As atividades desenvolvidas contribuíram com a formação profissional dos discentes, favoreceu o processo ensino-aprendizagem e colaborou com a orientação dos cafeicultores presentes