Projecto de depósitos rectangular e circular de betão armado apoiados no solo

Tese de mestrado integrado. Engenharia Civil (Especialização em Estruturas). Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 200

A fisiopatologia dos cornetos nasais

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2019Os componentes primários das paredes laterais da cavidade nasal são os cornetos nasais. Estas estruturas projetam-se na cavidade nasal e permitem a realização de várias funções como a regulação térmica, filtração, humidificação e a criação de resistência no ar inspirado. A posição e forma dos cornetos nasais orienta o ar inspirado posteriormente em direção à nasofaringe, ao mesmo tempo que cria resistência obstrutiva suficiente para alterar o fluxo de ar de um padrão laminar para um padrão de transição. O fluxo de transição não é nem completamente laminar nem completamente turbulento e a sua dinâmica é protetora, para além de permitir a manutenção de uma normal fisiologia nasal. Quando a execução destas mesmas funções por parte dos cornetos falha, podem ocorrer alguns processos fisiopatológicos que condicionam o aparecimento ou o agravamento de patologias muito prevalentes na prática clínica, como a enxaqueca ou a síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono. Tudo isto tem implicações clínicas que valem a pena compreender para uma melhor abordagem do doente.The primary components of the lateral walls of the nasal cavity are the nasal turbinates. These structures protrude into the nasal cavity and allow the performance of various functions such as thermal regulation, filtration, humidification and the creation of resistance in the inspired air. The position and shape of the nasal turbinates guides the inspired air posteriorly towards the nasopharynx, while creating enough obstructive resistance to alter the airflow from a laminar pattern to a transitional one. The transitional flow is neither completely laminar nor completely turbulent and its dynamics are protective, in addition to allowing the maintenance of a normal nasal physiology. When the execution of these functions by the turbinates fail, some pathophysiological processes may occur that can modulate the appearance or exacerbation of pathologies very prevalent in clinical practice, such as migraine or obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. All these facts have clinical implications that are worth understanding for a better approach to the patient

Barreiras e facilitadores percebidos por pessoas com transtorno bipolar para a prática de exercício físico : um estudo qualitativo

Introduction: Exercising regularly has benefits for people with bipolar disorder. Nevertheless, as a group, these patients tend to be less physically active than the general population and little is known from the viewpoint of the patients about the barriers and facilitators to such a practice. Objective: To know the barriers and facilitators perceived by people with bipolar disorder for the practice of exercise. Methods: This study had a descriptive, qualitative, exploratory nature. The investigation method used for data collection was a semi-structured in-depth interview, using grounded theory as theoretical framework. Results: The data analysis generated two main areas of interest: adherence to regular physical exercise (barriers and facilitators) and the participants’ exercise history and perception of disease management, as described below. The main findings were: most of our sample did not exercise regularly, nor knew how exercise can positively influence their disorder; with regard to adherence to physical exercise, the presence of symptoms and stigma were the most important barriers to the practice of physical exercise. Social support, especially from family and friends, could be a facilitator to the practice of exercise. Conclusions: Even considering the limitations for generalization of qualitative and exploratory studies, understanding perceived barriers and facilitators for the practice of exercise among people who suffer with bipolar disorder may contribute to the promotion of activities in which people with mental illness can participate.Introdução: A prática regular de exercício físico tem benefícios para pessoas com transtorno bipolar. No entanto, como grupo, esses pacientes tendem a ser mais sedentários do que a população geral, e pouco se sabe do ponto de vista dos pacientes sobre as barreiras e facilitadores para tal prática. Objetivo: Conhecer as barreiras e facilitadores percebidos por pessoas com transtorno bipolar para a prática de exercício. Métodos: Este foi um estudo descritivo, qualitativo e exploratório. O método de investigação utilizado na coleta de dados foi entrevista semiestruturada em profundidade, segundo a grounded theory. Resultados: A análise dos conteúdos que surgiram nas entrevistas gerou duas principais áreas de interesse: adesão ao exercício físico regular (barreiras e facilitadores) e a história de exercícios dos participantes e a percepção do manejo da doença. Os principais achados foram: a maioria da nossa amostra não se exercitava regularmente, nem mesmo sabia como a prática regular podia influenciar positivamente sua doença; em relação à adesão ao exercício físico, a presença dos sintomas e do estigma foram as barreiras mais importantes para praticar o exercício físico. O apoio social, especialmente da família e dos amigos, pode ser um facilitador da adesão ao exercício. Conclusões: Apesar das limitações de um estudo qualitativo e exploratório, conhecer as barreiras e os facilitadores percebidos para a prática de exercício entre pessoas que sofrem de transtorno bipolar pode facilitar a promoção de atividades onde essas pessoas possam participar e se beneficiar efetivamente

Copyright Content Moderation in the EU:An Interdisciplinary Mapping Analysis

This report is part of the reCreating Europe project and describes the results of the research carried out in the context of Work Package 6 on the mapping of the EU legal framework and intermediaries’ practices on copyright content moderation. The Report addresses the following main research question: how can we map the impact on access to culture in the Digital Single Market of content moderation of copyright-protected content on online platforms? The report consists of six chapters. After a brief introduction in Chapter 1, Chapter 2 develops a conceptual framework and interdisciplinary methodological approach to examine copyright content moderation on online platforms and its potential impact on access to culture. The analysis clarifies our terminology, distinguishes between platform “governance” and “regulation”, elucidates the concept of “online platform”, and positions our research in the context of regulation “of”, “by” and “on” platforms. Chapter 3 carries out a legal mapping of the topic of this report at EU level. Our focus here is the legal regime of art. 17 of the Copyright in the Digital Single Market Directive (CDSMD). We first provide some context on the legal regime that precedes the CDSMD. We then briefly explain the legislative process leading to the adoption of the Directive, followed by a snapshot of the legal regime, including remarks relating to the European Commission’s stakeholder consultations and Guidance on art. 17, and the action for annulment of art. 17 initiated by the Polish government in Case C-401/19. This is followed by a detailed analysis of art. 17, with an emphasis on its liability regime and rules with implication for copyright content moderation by OCSSPs. The chapter closes with an examination of the interface of art. 17 CDSMD with the Digital Services Act (DSA), which final version was agreed in the concluding stages of this Report. Chapter 4 provides an analysis of the findings of our comparative legal research at national level. The findings are based on two legal questionnaires carried out with national experts in ten Member States, before and after the implementation due date of the CDSMD. The phase one questionnaire focused on the status quo in this field of law. The phase two questionnaire was dedicated to the national implementations of art. 17 CDSMD, and the consequences of such implementation. The collected data highlighted both the similarities and, in some cases, remarkable differences in the Member States’ legal systems both before and after art. 17 CDSMD, which cast doubt on the effectiveness of the provision for EU harmonisation in this field. Chapter 5 uses qualitative methods to map out the copyright content moderation structures of key social media platforms, with a focus on their Terms and Conditions and automated systems. The chapter first presents empirical findings regarding which kinds of public documents and rules have been adopted by a sample of 15 platforms, categorised as mainstream (Facebook, YouTube, Instagram, Twitter, SoundCloud), alternative (Diaspora, Mastodon, DTube, Pixelfed, Audius) and specialised (Vimeo, Twitch, Pornhub, FanFiction, Dribble). It also provides an in-depth longitudinal examination of how the copyright content moderation rules of six case studies (Facebook, SoundCloud, PornHub, FanFiction, Diaspora, and DTube) changed since these platforms’ launch, as well as a comparison between three automated copyright content moderation systems: Content ID (YouTube), Audible Magic (several platforms). and Rights Manager (Meta/Facebook), with a thorough description of the last one. Then, the chapter suggests that two dual processes seem to mark the evolution of platforms’ copyright content moderation structures: (1) over time, these structures became more complex (more rules, spread on more types of documents), and opaquer (harder to access and understand); and (2) the control over copyright content moderation tilted strongly towards platforms themselves, a development that helped concentrate power in the hands of both platforms and large rights holders, at the expense of ordinary users and creators. While not equally true to all platforms we analysed, complexification/opacification, and platformisation/concentration seem to be some of the clearest developments in the recent history of private regulation of copyright content moderation. Finally, Chapter 6 concludes with a summary of our analysis and recommendations for future policy actions

Clinical correlates of high burden of general medical comorbidities in patients with bipolar disorder

Background: Bipolar disorder is associated with an increased burden of general medical conditions that might be related to a more severe illness course. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that evaluated clinical correlates of general medical comorbidities in outpatients with bipolar disorder (BD) involving 203 adult patients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of BD, consecutively recruited from the Bipolar Research Program (PROTAHBI) in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Clinical, demographic and anthropometrical variables were systematically assessed, and general medical comorbidity was measured using the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale (CIRS). Results: The prevalence of one or more medical comorbidities was 90.1%. The most common were those from endocrine/metabolic/breast, neurologic and vascular categories. A high burden of general medical comorbidities (defined as CIRS total score ≥ 4) was related to increasing age and body mass index and longer duration of illness after controlling for confounding factors. Limitations: The cross-sectional design limits our ability to make causal conclusions. Also, our sample consisted of patients with longer illness duration from a tertiary clinic and may not generalize to the whole spectrum of bipolar disorder. Conclusions: BD was associated with a high burden of general medical conditions related to age, obesity and longer duration of illness. Medical comorbidities must be incorporated as a core feature in the development of effective treatment strategies for bipolar disorder

Pesquisa musicológica e acesso à informação

A partir das pesquisas e ações musicológicas desenvolvidas pelo Núcleo de Estudos Musicológicos da Universidade Federal da Bahia (NEMUS-UFBA), apresentaremos algumas considerações relativas às inevitáveis relações entre a Lei de Acesso à Informação (Lei Nº 12.527, de 18 de novembro de 2011) e a pesquisa no campo das Ciências Humanas e Sociais (aplicadas ou não), sobretudo no que diz respeito às formas em que as instituições de ensino superior (em diante IES) propiciam o cumprimento dessa lei visando garantir o direito cidadão, não apenas de simples acesso ao corpo informacional vinculado à pesquisa, mas também de efetivar eventuais corroborações dos resultados oportunamente apresentados. Nesse sentido, serão também apresentadas ao público, novas ferramentas desenvolvidas pelo NEMUS-UFBA durante 2020, no intuito de fortalecer tanto a pesquisa musicológica quanto a sua transparência

Systematic review and meta-analysis of the use of prokinetics in gastroesophageal reflux and in gastroesophageal reflux disease in Pediatrics

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate, by systematic review and meta-analysis, randomized studies comparing the prokinetics (domperidone, bromopride, metoclopramide and bethanechol) to placebo in the treatment of gastroesophagic reflux (GER) and gastroesophagic reflux disease (GERD) in children. METHODS: Bibliographic search for randomized clinical trials (Medline, EMBASE, Biological Abstracts, ISI/Web of Science, CINAHL, Lilacs e Cochrane). The primary outcome was the modification of reflux symptoms. Other outcomes were: GER-related complications, alterations in control exams, life quality, adverse events and abandon of treatment. RESULTS: The metanalysis included four studies on domperidone, two on metoclopramide, and one on bethanechol. No study of bromopride was retrieved. The risk of non-response to the treatment was significantly smaller in children that received prokinetics in comparison to placebo (RR 0.35, 95%CI 0.14-0.88). Individual therapeutic advantage regarding placebo was related to domperidone (n=126; RR 0.27; 95%CI 0.14-0.52, NNT 3; I2 0%) and bethanechol (n=44; RR 0.19; 95%CI 0.05-0.55; NNT 2), but not to metoclopramide (n=71; RR 0.63; 95%CI 0.07-5.71; I2 92.2%). CONCLUSIONS: The evidence for prokinetic use in GER and GERD in children is limited because the few studies report preliminary trials that evaluate short-term responses and show methodological limitations.OBJETIVO: Avaliar, por meio de revisão sistemática e metanálise, estudos randomizados que comparam os procinéticos domperidona, bromoprida, metoclopramida e betanecol ao placebo no tratamento do refluxo gastroesofágico (RGE) e da doença do refluxo gastroesofágico (DRGE) em crianças. MÉTODOS: BUsca bibliográfica de ensaios clínicos randomizados (Medline, EMBASE, Biological Abstracts, ISI/Web of Science, CINAHL, Lilacs e Cochrane). O desfecho primário foi eficácia na modificação dos sintomas de refluxo, conforme definição de autores das fontes primárias. Outras variáveis de interesse foram: complicações relacionadas ao RGE, alterações nos exames laboratoriais de controle, qualidade de vida, eventos adversos e abandono do tratamento. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos quatro estudos com domperidona, dois com metoclopramida, um com betanecol. Nenhum estudo com bromoprida foi localizado. O risco de não resposta ao tratamento foi significativamente menor para os procinéticos quando comparados ao placebo (RR 0,35; IC95% 0,14-0,88). A vantagem terapêutica individual em relação ao placebo se manteve para a domperidona (n=126; RR 0,27; IC95% 0,14-0,52; NNT 3; I2 0%) e betanecol (n=44, RR 0,19, IC95% 0,05-0,55, NNT 2), mas não para metoclopramida (n=71; RR 0,63; IC95% 0,07-5,71, I2 92,2%). CONCLUSÕES: A evidência para o uso de procinéticos no RGE e na DRGE em crianças é limitada, pois os poucos estudos são ensaios preliminares de resposta em curto prazo e com limitações metodológicas.UFPel Centro de Medicina Baseada em EvidênciasHospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em MedicinaUFRJ Instituto de PsiquiatriaUNIFESP Departamento de PsiquiatriaUNIFESP, Depto. de PsiquiatriaSciEL

Solid-state fermentation of plant feedstuff mixture affected the physiological responses of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) reared at different temperatures and subjected to salinity oscillation

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary inclusion of plant feedstuff mixture (PFM) pre-treated by solid-state fermentation (SSF) on the physiological responses of European seabass. For that purpose, two diets were formulated to contain: 20% inclusion level of non-fermented plant ingredients mixture (20Mix) and 20Mix fermented by A. niger in SSF conditions (20Mix-SSF). Seabass juveniles (initial body weight: 20.9 ± 3.3 g) were fed the experimental diets, reared at two different temperatures (21 and 26 °C) and subjected to weekly salinity oscillations for six weeks. Growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, humoral immune parameters, and oxidative stress indicators were evaluated. A reduction in weight gain, feed intake, and thermal growth coefficient was observed in fish fed the fermented diet (20Mix-SSF). Salinity oscillation led to an increase in weight gain, feed efficiency, daily growth index, and thermal growth coefficient, regardless of dietary treatment. Higher rearing temperatures also increased daily growth index. No dietary effect was observed on digestive enzymes activities, whereas rearing temperature and salinity oscillation modulated digestive enzyme activities. Oxidative stress responses were significantly affected by experimental diets, temperature, and salinity conditions. Catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities showed an interactive effect. Fish reared at 21 °C showed higher enzymatic activity when fed the 20Mix-SSF. Conversely, fish reared at 26 °C showed higher GPx activity when fed the 20Mix diet. Fish reared at 26 °C showed reduced peroxidase and lysozyme activities, while salinity fluctuation led to increased lysozyme activity and decreased ACH50 activity. ACH50 activity increased in fish fed the 20Mix-SSF. Overall, the dietary inclusion of PFM fermented by A. niger was unable to mitigate the impact of environmental stress on physiological performance in European seabass. In fact, fermented feed caused an inhibition of growth performances and an alteration of some physiological stress indicators.This work was funded by the Ocean3R project (NORT-01-0145-FEDER-000064), supported by the North Portugal Regional Operational Program (NORT2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement and through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). This research was partially supported by national funds through FCT—Foundation for Science and Technology within the scope of UIDB/04423/2020 and UIDP/04423/2020.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio