Arginine 447 Plays a Pivotal Role in Substrate Interactions in a Neuronal Glutamate Transporter

Glutamate transporters from the central nervous system play a crucial role in the clearance of the transmitter from the synaptic cleft. Glutamate is cotransported with sodium ions, and the electrogenic translocation cycle is completed by countertransport of potassium. Mutants that cannot interact with potassium are only capable of catalyzing electroneutral exchange. Here we identify a residue involved in controlling substrate recognition in the neuronal transporter EAAC-1 that transports acidic amino acids as well as cysteine. When arginine 447, a residue conserved in all glutamate transporters, is replaced by cysteine, transport of glutamate or aspartate is abolished, but sodium-dependent cysteine transport is left intact. Analysis of other substitution mutants shows that the replacement of arginine rather than the introduced cysteine is responsible for the observed phenotype. In further contrast to wild type, acidic amino acids are unable to inhibit cysteine transport in R447C-EAAC-1, indicating that the selectivity change is manifested at the binding step. Electrophysiological analysis shows that in the mutant cysteine, transport has become electroneutral, and its interaction with the countertransported potassium is impaired. Thus arginine 447 plays a pivotal role in the sequential interaction of acidic amino acids and potassium with the transporter and, thereby, constitutes one of the molecular determinants of coupling their fluxes

Climate informed engineering: An essential pillar of industry 4.0 transformation

Breakthroughs in computing have led to development of new generations of Earth Systems Models providing detailed information on how our planet may locally respond to the ongoing global warming. Access to such climate information systems presents an unprecedented opportunity for engineers to make tangible contributions to climate adaptation through integration of climate information in their products, designs, and services. We introduce the concept of “Climate Informed Engineering” (CIE) as an emerging interdisciplinary field integrating climatic considerations in engineering products and services. The concept behind CIE is to enable engineers to build infrastructure, devices, sensors or develop new materials and processes that are informed by climate and climate change information. We believe CIE will be an increasingly important dimension of Engineering Science resonating with engineers and scientists with different backgrounds

New correlations for the average Nusselt number in squealer turbine blade tip

Paper presented to the 10th International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Florida, 14-16 July 2014.Numerical simulations of the flow field and heat transfer of squealer blade tip are performed in this study. The effects of the Reynolds number, the clearance gap to width ratios (C/W = 5% -15%) and the cavity depth to width ratios (D/W = 10%-50%) on fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics are obtained. The temperature and velocity distributions inside the cavity, the local heat transfer coefficients, and the average Nusselt numbers for the pressure and suction sides of the turbine blade tip are determined. This paper presents the results of the effects of Reynolds number, clearance gap and width ratios on the Nusslet number for the pressure and suction sides of squealer turbine blade tip. The results show a good agreement with the experimental data obtained by Metzger and Bunker. New correlations for the average Nusselt numbers for turbine blade tip pressure and suction sides are presented.cf201

Pelatihan Teknik Cinematic sebagai Media Bantu Promosi Digital

In the world of beauty service business, the increasingly competitive competition encourages entrepreneurs to improve the quality of their services and products so they can compete in the market. Salon Bricela, a beauty salon specifically for women, offers various types of grooming services to attract consumers. However, with the emergence of many salons and spas in the city of Mataram, Bricela Salon needs to find a different way to promote its products and increase its presence. One of the solutions chosen is to make promotional videos that use cinematic techniques to attract consumer interest. The purpose of this thesis is to make a promotional video that introduces Salon Bricela's Spa care products that are not well known in the wider community. The result of this research is a promotional video using Cinematic Techniques as a Media for Digital Promotion which displays the types of treatments and beauty products used in the Bricela salon. It is hoped that by using this technique, the promotional video for Bricela Salon will become more attractive and easily understood by consumers, so it can increase the existence of Bricela Salon in the city of Mataram

Partialization losses of ON/OFF operation of waterto- water refrigeration/heat-pump units

[EN] This paper presents the results of an experimental campaign for the characterization of the dynamic behavior of a water-to-water refrigeration/heat-pump unit under ON/OFF operation. The unit was previously tested at different water inlet temperatures under steady state conditions, and a very good agreement was found between the instantaneous dynamic performance of the heat pump and the corresponding quasi-steady state operation. In parallel, a series of tests were carried out to quantify the coefficient of performance (COP) degradation as a function of the load ratio, and a simple formula for the Part Load Factor is presented. Results lead to the conclusion that the only non-negligible factor in the COP degradation is the stand-by electrical consumption during the OFF period, especially at low load ratios. Finally, it is concluded that the minimization of the stand-by consumption is a key point for the future improvement of the seasonal performance of water-to-water systems.This research has been partially funded by the European FP7 framework project "Advanced ground source heat pump systems for heating and cooling in Mediterranean climate" (GROUND-MED) and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) through the project "Estudio de evaporadores y condensadores basados en tecnologia de minicanales para su aplicaciOn en equipos de aire acondicionado, refrigeraciOn y bomba de calor estacionarios" with reference DPI2011-26771-C02-01. The authors gratefully acknowledge their financial support.Corberán, JM.; D.Donadello; Martínez Galván, IO.; Montagud, C. (2013). Partialization losses of ON/OFF operation of waterto- water refrigeration/heat-pump units. International Journal of Refrigeration. 36(8):2251-2261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2013.07.002S2251226136

Memberdayakan Masyarakat melalui Kemitraan Kehutanan: Kompilasi Tulisan Pengalaman dari KPH Rinjani Barat

Skema Kemitraan kehutanan merupakan salah satu bentuk program pemberdayaan masyarakat di dalam dan sekitar hutan. Skema ini diharapkan mendukung peningkatan akses masyarakat terhadap kawasan hutan, khususnya pada areal hutan yang pengelolaannya telah diberikan kepada pemegang ijin dan pengelola hutan, dalam hal ini Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan (KPH). Selain itu diharapkan dapat menjadi alternatif pengembangan kerjasama antara Perusahaan dengan masyarakat sehingga dapat mengatasi sengketa dan atau konflik lahan hutan

Interactions in vivo between the Vif protein of HIV-1 and the precursor (Pr55GAG) of the virion nucleocapsid proteins

The abnormality of viral core structure seen in vif-defective HIV-1 grown in PBMCs has suggested a role for Vif in viral morphogenesis. Using an in vivo mammalian two-hybrid assay, the interaction between Vif and the precursor (Pr55GAG) of the virion nucleocapsid proteins has been analysed. This revealed the amino-terminal (aa 1–22) and central (aa 70–100) regions of Vif to be essential for its interaction with Pr55GAG, but deletion of the carboxy-terminal (aa 158–192) region of the protein had only a minor effect on its interaction. Initial deletion studies carried out on Pr55GAG showed that a 35-amino-acid region of the protein bridging the MA(p17)–CA(p24) junction was essential for its ability to interact with Vif. Site-directed mutagenesis of a conserved tryptophan (Trp21) near the amino terminus of Vif showed it to be important for the interaction with Pr55GAG. By contrast, mutagenesis of the highly conserved YLAL residues forming part of the BC-box motif, shown to be important in Vif promoting degradation of APOBEC3G/3F, had little or no effect on the Vif–Pr55GAG interaction