PANORAMA EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DA CHIKUNGUNYA NA MICRORREGIÃO DA CHAPADA DO ARARIPE, ESTADO DO CEARÁ

O Chikungunya é um vírus RNA de fita simples da família Togoviridae do gênero Alphavirus, isolado pela primeira vez na África, sua transmissão é através da picada dos mosquitos fêmea do Aedes aegypti e Aedes albopictus. Tornou-se um problema de saúde pública mundial e no cenário brasileiro vem sendo o causador grandes epidemias. As manifestações clínicas são febre, poliartralgia, dor de cabeça, mialgias e outros sinais e sintomas que podem incluir náusea, vômito, erupção cutânea e conjuntivites

ANÁLISE DA PRESENÇA DE CONTAMINAÇÃO FÚNGICA EM TRAVESSEIROS DE RESIDÊNCIAS NOS MUNICÍPIOS DE CHORÓ E QUIXADÁ NO INTERIOR DO CEARÁ

Os fungos são seres que podem se manifestar macroscopicamente ou microscopicamente, são unicelulares ou pluricelulares, eucariontes, heterotrófico, e pertencentes ao reino de Fungi. Exibem grande importância no meio ambiente atuando por exemplo na decomposição de matéria orgânica, como ocorrem com fungos saprófitos, porém também apresentam forma de vida simbiótica ou parasitária

DIPROSOPIA

Diprosopia também conhecida como duplicação craniofacial é um distúrbio raro no qual o rosto de uma pessoa é duplicado

Leucemia mielóide crônica: aspectos básicos e diagnóstico laboral.

Leucemia é uma doença maligna originada na medula óssea, que afeta a produção dos leucócitos, gerando os sinais e sintomas da doença. Os principais tipos são a leucemia linfóide aguda (LLA), leucemia linfóide crônica (LLC), leucemia mielóide aguda (LMA) e leucemia mielóide crônica (LMC). Em destaque nesse estudo está a Leucemia Mielóide Crônica, com uma incidência de um a dois casos por 100.000 habitantes/ano, correspondendo de 15% a 20% das leucemias

Isolation and Antimicrobial Resistance of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (O:6,8) in Broiler Chickens

Background: The third largest poultry flock in Northeast Brazil is located in Ceará State. Some pathogens are commonly disseminated in broiler chicken flocks, such as the bacteria from the Enterobacteriaceae family. Among these, some strains of Escherichia coli are frequently associated with different pathological manifestations in domestic animals, while bacteria from the genus Salmonella are considered the most frequent enteric pathogens reported causing foodborne infections in humans. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli strains isolated from broiler chickens in the Metropolitan Region of Fortaleza city, Brazil.Materials, Methods & Results: Samples were collected from July-2014 to March-2015 in ten broiler chicken farms located in the Metropolitan Region of Fortaleza city, Brazil, with birds in pre-slaughter age. From each farm, 100 individual cloacal swabs were randomly collected from broilers independent of clinical status. Distinct methodologies were used in order to provide optimal isolation conditions for both the bacterial species. For Escherichia coli, the methodology consisted in enrichment with BHI broth, plating in EMB agar and biochemical identification, after which some isolates were maintained in nutrient agar for antimicrobial resistance evaluation. For the isolation of Salmonella sp., a standard method was used with pre-enrichment, selective enrichment, selective plating and biochemical identification steps. Antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) was performed with disk diffusion technique and the following antibiotics were tested: ampicillin, ceftiofur, ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, polymyxin B, gentamycin, cloranfenicol, tetracycline, azithromycin and fosfomycin. According to the methodology used, 95.9% of samples were positive for Escherichia coli and the most frequent resistance was to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Salmonella sp. was isolated from 0.2% of the samples, which were identified as the serotype Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica O:6,8. Both isolates presented the same antimicrobial resistance profile, which were resistant to six, out of ten tested antibiotics (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, chloramphenicol and ceftiofur).Discussion: The low prevalence of Salmonella observed in this study have also been reported by other studies performed in poultry farms in Ceará State, which suggests a good status for this pathogen in the local industry, however further efforts in order to eradicate this pathogen must be applied. The salmonella serotype detected in this study is rarely reported in the literature, especially from the poultry industry. In Brazil, the use of tetracyclines, quinolones and penicillins as feed additives or growth promoters is prohibited; however, a high resistance to drugs from these groups was detected. In addition, multidrug resistant E. coli isolates presented more elevated rates than other studies reported in the literature with antibiotics commonly used in the poultry industry and this may indicate an excessive use of these drugs in the production routine. These results should serve as a warning for surveillance programs to evaluate the incidence of these microorganisms as well as their antimicrobial resistance rates, which may be an important tool for control and prevention in meat poultry production

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

SEPSE COMO COMPLICAÇÃO DO CÂNCER DE MAMA – ESTUDO DE CASO

Classificado como o segundo tipo de doença neoplásica mais comum, o câncer de mama apresenta aumento em sua ocorrência a cada dia. Seu tumor maligno é o agente responsável de 20% da incidência total de cânceres e por 14% do total de óbitos relacionados ao câncer entre as mulheres. O uso de quimioterápicos para a terapia dos tumores, vem sendo a alternativa mais significativa no combate a esta patologia. Porém, tratamentos anticancerígenos promovem debilidade do sistema imune podendo originar complicações como a sepse. Considerada como um processo inflamatório opressivo, a sepse é ocasionada pela presença de microrganismos na corrente sanguínea, que impõem ao sistema de defesa uma resposta rápida e agressiva, podendo causar disfunção nos órgãos e levar a morte. Este relato objetivou descrever as particularidades de um caso de câncer de mama com desenvolvimento de sepse grave, e chamar a atenção para um diagnóstico efetivo de pacientes neoplásicos. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório descritivo e qualitativa, onde os dados foram obtidos por consulta de arquivos e análise de prontuários. Neste estudo apresenta-se o caso de uma paciente de 71 anos, diagnosticada com câncer de mama e metástase hepática, que deu entrada no hospital manifestando quadro de síndrome consumptiva originada pela perda excessiva de peso; icterícia estabelecida pela disfunção hepática gerada pela metástase; hematúria e oligúria ocasionada pelo dano renal desenvolvido devido a sepse, que pode causar falha em órgãos ou pela neoplasia que ocasiona a liberação de fatores proteolíticos gerando uma sobrecarga renal devido a excreção de proteínas de alto peso molecular; e taquicardia, sintoma comum de pacientes com sepse de acordo com os critérios diagnósticos de sepse definidos pelo conselho federal de medicina. Seu hemograma demonstrava a ocorrência de leucocitose (26.700/mm3), com predominância de neutrófilos (22.695/mm3). Devido a sua evolução negativa, foi necessária a introdução de sonda nasogástrica e sonda vesical de demora, e administração de Clindamicina®, Metronidazol®, Ranitidina® e Tramal®. Porém, a paciente continuou respondendo negativamente ao tratamento mantendo a progressão da doença, não resistindo e chegando a óbito. A sepse acarreta alterações de desempenho das células que são recrutadas para a defesa de processos infecciosos, promovendo a redução da apoptose de linfócitos ou o processo de expansão de células supressoras derivadas da linhagem mielóide, comprometendo a resposta inflamatória em pacientes com doenças graves. Deste modo, o diagnóstico precoce e a aplicação de tratamento agressivo da sepse com combinação de antibióticos de amplo espectro são essenciais para melhorar o quadro infeccioso do paciente