SPORTS EXPERIENCE AND RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCE. ELEMENTS OF ANALYSIS

[The phenomenon of sport, especially its popularity and significance, strongly marks the contemporary world. This text is an attempt to describe sports experience (especially football) as a value for a fan experiencing it. It is not an analysis of sport in the philosophical perspective usually concentrating on its ethical or anthropological aspects. That is why the author analyses here, among other things, its identity, aesthetic and egalitarian character, touching upon such important phenomena as patriotic feelings in the context of sport, its media dimension or the problems with stadium hooligans. Finally, to emphasize the research problem outlined in this way, the author discusses the thesis of striking similarities between sports experience and religious experience formulated repeatedly in the present debate over contemporary forms of global secularization.

Gott Als Fruchtbare Illusion? Ernst Blochs Atheismus Mm Christentum

Either almighty God or a free man: this is an alternative of atheistic critique of religion. In this context, the aim of the article is to present Ernst Bloch’s (1885–1977) original proposal, concluded in his Atheism in Christianity. Standing for atheistic humanism he finds an inspiration in the Bible, in the classical example of Job’s (undeserved) suffering. Bloch’s original and appealing concept of Marxist revolution is based on hope and the idea of liberation, which are very characteristic of him. This article focuses on such issues of philosophy of religion as the biblical concept of God, the proposal of Job’s radical dilemma of righteous man’s suffering or the significance of eschatology for understanding immutability of God in His essence, who acts in mutable history

Molecular biomarkers for neuromuscular disorders – challenges and future perspectives

There is an ever-growing need for molecular biomarkers in assessing clinical course and diagnosing neuromuscular disorders, as well as in monitoring drug therapy. With the development of high throughput techniques, there has been an acceleration in the discovery of potential biomarkers. It is quite easy to find potential candidates, but difficult to validate them and translate into a clinical setting. Neuromuscular diseases (NMD) are a major challenge in terms of finding potential molecular biomarkers, mainly because of their heterogeneous aetiology and variability in phenotype, their as yet incompletely understood pathophysiology, and their slow clinical progression. Furthermore, it is challenging to assemble a large cohort of patients, as many NMDs are rare diseases. In this literature review, we provide an update on the latest discoveries in DNA, RNA, miRNA, epigenetic, protein, metabolic and cellular biomarkers for NMD. The advantages and potential difficulties of clinical application and the role of identification of biomarker panels are discussed. We have especially sought to highlight translational biomarkers which can be easily transferred to the clinic, where they may eventually present possible future therapies related to molecular biomarker discoveries

Relationship between lead absorption and iron status and its association with oxidative stress markers in lead-exposed workers

Background: The emission of lead (Pb) occurring during the extraction, processing and industrial applications of this element remains a significant environmental risk factor. The absorbability of lead in humans is strongly associated with the general health status of exposed individuals. Existing mineral deficiencies are considered being a predisposition to an increased Pb uptake. Both, iron deficiency and lead poisoning are the major caus-ative factors responsible for the prevalence of anemia within the vulnerable population, especially in children. Although some of the intervention programs of counteracting lead poisoning by iron supplementation proved to be effective in the Pb-exposed population, the exact mechanisms of this interaction still require further studies. The objective of the presented study was to examine the association of iron level on oxidative stress measures and its effects on the severity of lead toxicity in the exposed population. Methods: The analyzed population consisted of 270 male workers from the lead-zinc smelter. The studied pop-ulation was divided into two sub-groups based on the serum iron concentration: low iron level group (L-Fe; Fe median value). Measured traits comprised of blood lead (PbB), serum Fe and zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) levels as well as a blood count and oxidative stress markers. Results: No significant correlation between serum iron concentration and PbB in the tested cohort was found. On the contrary, the analysis of ZPP levels (long-term marker related to a hematologic toxic effect of Pb) within the subgroups differing in serum Fe level shown that ZPP was 12.3 % lower (p =0.043) in subjects classified within the H-Fe group. A positive correlation of serum Fe and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was found (R =0.1999). The conducted 3-D PCA analysis showed that individuals classified within the H-Fe group were characterized by the co-occurrence of higher Fe levels, lower ZPP, and higher TAC value. Conclusion: These results support the existing evidence providing that maintaining the optimal status of Fe may play a significant role in preventing the lead poisoning and alleviating harmful effects of Pb on the oxidative balance in humans

Prawo administracyjne w mechanizmie prawa

Praca recenzowana / peer-reviewed pape

Prymat emocji w religii? Williama Jamesa ujęcie doświadczenia religijnego

The primacy of emotion in religion? William James's concept of religious experience In his fundamental book, The Varieties of Religious Experience 1902, which enjoyed considerable attention  among philosophers, psychologists, as well as religious studies specialists, William James, in the title itself, indicates his perception of the phenomenon of religious experience as extremely diverse. However, carrying distinctive elements of pragmatism and also James's theory of emotion called James-Lange theory, the religious experience is here understood primarily  as a strongly emotional phenomenon. Although James did not acknowledge the existence of specifically  religious emotions,  he considered emotions to be the most essential/ significant within the religious experience. The purpose of this paper is to present James’s concept of religious experience from the perspective of such characteristics as privacy, directness/immediacy or nobleness. An attempt   undertaken here is to look at the essence of religion in the form of a religious experience through   the reference to James's original theory of experience.]]>The primacy of emotion in religion? William James's concept of religious experience In his fundamental book, The Varieties of Religious Experience 1902, which enjoyed considerable attention  among philosophers, psychologists, as well as religious studies specialists, William James, in the title itself, indicates his perception of the phenomenon of religious experience as extremely diverse. However, carrying distinctive elements of pragmatism and also James's theory of emotion called James-Lange theory, the religious experience is here understood primarily  as a strongly emotional phenomenon. Although James did not acknowledge the existence of specifically  religious emotions,  he considered emotions to be the most essential/ significant within the religious experience. The purpose of this paper is to present James’s concept of religious experience from the perspective of such characteristics as privacy, directness/immediacy or nobleness. An attempt   undertaken here is to look at the essence of religion in the form of a religious experience through   the reference to James's original theory of experience.]]