The COVID-19 pandemic and its global effects on dental practice. An international survey

Objectives A multicentre survey was designed to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 outbreak on dental practice worldwide, estimate the COVID-19 related symptoms/signs, work attitudes and behaviour and the routine use of protective measures and personal protective equipment (PPE). Methods A global survey using a standardized questionnaire with research groups from 36 countries was designed. The questionnaire was developed and pretested during April 2020 and contained three domains: 1) personal data; 2) COVID-19 positive rate and symptoms/signs presumably related to the coronavirus; 3) working conditions and PPE adopted after the outbreak. Countries’ data were grouped by the country positive rate (CPR) during the survey period and by Gross-National-Income per capita. An ordinal multinomial logistic regression model was carried out with COVID-19 self-reported rate referred by dental professionals as dependent variable to assess the association with questionnaire items. Results A total of 52,491 questionnaires were returned with a male/female ratio of 0.63. Out of the total respondents, 7,859 dental professionals (15%) reported symptoms/signs compatible with COVID-19. More than half of the sample (n=27,818; 53%) stated to use FFP2/N95 masks, while 21,558 (41.07%) used eye protection. In the bivariate analysis, CPR and N95/FFP2 were significantly associated (OR=1.80 95%CI=1.60/2.82 and OR=5.20 95%CI=1.44/18.80, respectively), while Gross-National-Income was not statistically associated with CPR (OR=1.09 95%CI=0.97/1.60). The same significant associations were observed in the multivariate analysis. Conclusions Oral health service provision has not been significantly affected by COVID-19, although access to routine dental care was reduced due to country-specific temporary lockdown periods. While the dental profession has been identified at high-risk, the reported rates of COVID-19 for dental professionals were not significantly different to those reported for the general population in each country. These findings may help to better plan oral health care for future pandemic events

ANALYSIS OF THE PRODUCTION CAPACITY FROM A HARVESTER IN THE FOREST IN OWN AND OUTSOURCED MODULES.1

ABSTRACT This study aimed to perform a machine operational analyses used on the eucalyptus mechanized harvest, in four different regions of the Espirito Santo and Bahia states. The activities were performed by own and outsourced labor, the regions had a similar climate condition, relieve and similar machine, the harvest forest tractor. The mechanical disponibility, operational efficiency, machine production was analyzed during a 12 months period in the field and by the operational output from the database from 60 own machines and 60 outsourced machines in each one from de four regions (120 machines). Based on the results, it was observed that in the own module and the outsourced, variables were the mechanical disponibility operational efficiency and technical disponibility did not have different during the study period, among the regions. The executed work with own machines had a higher production when compared to the outsourced, with exception of the regions A and C. The total volume produced per year by the cut forest with the own machines were higher than 1.234.310 m3 to the total volume cut with outsourced machines, showing a higher operational efficiency when the harvest was made with an own model

Atendimento fonoaudiológico em grupo

Tema: atendimento fonoaudiológico em grupo na área da Fonoaudiologia. Para sua realização, visitou-se os textos publicados em revistas científicas da área, nos últimos 15 anos, e os capítulos de livros e dissertações que se detiveram em tematizar o atendimento fonoaudiológico em grupo. Objetivo: identificar, entender e discutir: 1) os princípios teóricos que justificam a indicação do atendimento em grupo, que o estruturam e o sustentam de maneira a explicitar como a dinâmica do grupo age sobre os sintomas ; 2) os critérios para a composição e formação dos grupos e, principalmente, 3) a intervenção do fonoaudiólogo e a possibilidade de eficácia de sua terapêutica. Conclusão: o levantamento bibliográfico identificou diferentes práticas fonoaudiológicas em grupo, atreladas a diversas perspectivas teóricas. No que diz respeito aos critérios de formação, à função do fonoaudiólogo no grupo, à prevalência do atendimento em grupo em relação ao individual, houve divergências de opiniões, dado que os textos visitados, não (cor)responderam com a consistência teórica esperada. Tal resultado se deve ao fato de haver uma certa adoção irrefletida de conceitos de outras áreas, sem argumentação e sem a reestruturação que sua transposição para a clínica fonoaudiológica, exigiria. Sugere-se que estas incoerências ocorrem porque não se evidencia a preocupação em articular os estudos teóricos aos elementos que configuram a clínica fonoaudiológica, a saber: a semiologia, a etiologia, a diagnóstica e a terapêutica.Background: the theme of this literature review is the group therapy in the Speech Therapy area. To perform it, we studied the texts published in scientific journals of the field, in the last 15 years, in the form of articles, book chapters and dissertations, which were focused on the group therapy. Purpose: the goal is to identify, understand and discuss, the following themes: 1) the theoretical principles that justify the indication of group therapy, structuring and maintaining it in order to explain how the dynamics of the group may act on the symptoms; 2) the criteria for the composition and formation of groups and especially, 3) the intervention of speech therapists and the possibility of their therapeutic effectiveness. Conclusion: it was concluded that the literature review on group therapy in the area of Speech Therapy identified different practices, linked to different theoretical perspectives. Regarding the criteria for group formation, the function of the speech therapist in the group, the prevalence of the group intervention in relation to the individual intervention, and there were differences of opinion since the review of the literature did not correspond to the expected theoretical consistency. This happened because there is a certain reflected adoption of concepts from other areas, without argumentation and without a restructuring demanded by the transposition to the speech therapy clinic. This is because there is no evident concern to articulate the theoretical studies to the elements that make up the speech therapy clinic, namely: the semiology, the etiology, the diagnosis and the therapeutics

Prebióticos y su efecto en la biod sponibilidad del calcio Prebiotics and their effect on calcium bioavailability

En la búsqueda de medidas de prevención de enfermedades crónicas no trasmisibles, se piensa en los prebióticos como una forma efectiva, saludable y relativamente barata para la optimización de la absorción de Ca. El aumento de la expectativa de vida de la población y el incremento de enfermedades como la osteoporosis traen graves consecuencias a la salud del individuo, acarreando importantes desembolsos económicos. En esta revisión se condensa el conocimiento presente sobre el efecto fisiológico del consumo de carbohidratos prebióticos y su posible interferencia en la biodisponibilidad del Ca, como también las posibilidades de su empleo en estrategias para combatir las deficiencias del mineral. Se elaboró una recopilación de los estudios originales realizados con mayor impacto en el tema, dando preferencia a los publicados en los últimos 6 años. Utilizamos las bases de datos PubMed, Lilacs e SciELO, usando las palabras claves calcio, prebióticos e probióticos.<br>The increased life expectancy and prevalence of non-communicable chronic diseases have serious health and economic consequences on the population. Among the useful tools for preventing osteoporosis, prebiotics are thought to be an effective, healthy and relatively cheap way of optimizing calcium absorption. The objective of this review was to summarize the present knowledge on the physiological effects of prebiotic carbohydrate consumption and its possible interference with calcium bioavailability. The possibility of using prebiotics to fight calcium deficiency was also assessed. The keywords calcium, prebiotics and probiotics were used to search the PubMed, Lilacs and SciELO databases for the most significant original studies on the subject published in the last 6 years

The emerging science of gastrophysics and its application to the algal cuisine

<p>Abstract</p> <p>This paper points to gastrophysics as an emerging scientific discipline that will employ a wide range of the most powerful theoretical, simulational and experimental biophysical techniques to study the empirical world of cooking and gastronomy. Gastrophysics aims to exploit recent advances in the physical sciences to forward the scientific study of food, its raw materials, the effects of processing food and quantitative aspects of the physical basis for food quality, flavour and absorption into the human body. It suggests the use in cooking of a class of raw materials little used in the Western world, the marine macroalgae or seaweeds, as a laboratory for defining, characterizing and shaping the emerging scientific discipline of gastrophysics. In relation to gastronomy, seaweed materials are virtually unexplored scientifically by physical experimentation and theory. The sea is one of the last resorts for humankind to exploit the ability to obtain more food to feed a hungry world, because world fisheries can no longer meet the need for healthy seafood. Hence, seaweeds offer a rich and virtually unexploited source of primary marine foodstuff in the Western world. To explore the full gastronomical potential of this resource, there is a need for fundamental research into the gastrophysics of seaweeds.</p