Texto como enunciação. A abordagem de Mikhail Bakhtin

This work presents the notion of text according the dialogic approach of Mikhail Baktin. In his studies, the text is an utterance included in the wide process of speech communication, that is, an association of elements of the verbal world and the socio-cultural context. Genre defines the chronotipic of the notion of text as utterance.Guiando-se pela noção de que no texto estão constituídos aspectos do mundo verbal e do contexto sócio-cultural, o presente estudo discute como a abordagem dialógica de Mikhail Bakhtin trata dessas relações. Privilegia-se a noção de gênero como síntese da dimensão cronotópica do texto como enunciaçã

Comunicação de sínteses em perspectiva semiótico-evolutiva: modelização de linguagens, de formatos, do signo informático, de temporalidades

Suspecting that this is no more than a “service platform”, it is proposed here to examine the format as the design of an emerging production generically named “IT sign”. Considering that one of the elementary assumptions of technological communication is the conquest of space, it is proposed here to understand another aspect: the one in which the synthesis reproduces an experience of compaction of time. Thus it is obtained an experience of time as a projection of space that can be sized in terms of language. Key words: format, data sign, digital communication.Desconfiando de que seja tão-somente uma plataforma de serviços, propõe-se aqui examinar o formato como design de uma produção emergente denominada genericamente de signo informático. Considerando que um dos pressupostos elementares da comunicação tecnológica é a conquista do espaço, propõe-se aqui entender um outro aspecto: aquele em que a síntese reproduz uma experiência de compactação do tempo. Tem-se, assim, uma experiência de tempo como projeção de espaço que pode ser dimensionado em termos de linguagem. Palavras-chave: formato, signo informático, comunicação de síntese

Irs2 Silencing Increases Apoptosis And Potentiates The Effects Of Ruxolitinib In Jak2v617f-positive Myeloproliferative Neoplasms.

The recurrent V617F mutation in JAK2 (JAK2V617F) has emerged as the primary contributor to the pathogenesis of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). However, the lack of complete response in most patients treated with the JAK1/2 inhibitor, ruxolitinib, indicates the need for identifying pathways that cooperate with JAK2. Activated JAK2 was found to be associated with the insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) in non-hematological cells. We identified JAK2/IRS2 binding in JAK2V617F HEL cells, but not in the JAK2WT U937 cell line. In HEL cells, IRS2 silencing decreased STAT5 phosphorylation, reduced cell viability and increased apoptosis; these effects were enhanced when IRS2 silencing was combined with ruxolitinib. In U937 cells, IRS2 silencing neither reduced cell viability nor induced apoptosis. IRS1/2 pharmacological inhibition in primary MPN samples reduced cell viability in JAK2V617F-positive but not JAK2WT specimens; combination with ruxolitinib had additive effects. IRS2 expression was significantly higher in CD34+ cells from essential thrombocythemia patients compared to healthy donors, and in JAK2V617F MPN patients when compared to JAK2WT. Our data indicate that IRS2 is a binding partner of JAK2V617F in MPN. IRS2 contributes to increased cell viability and reduced apoptosis in JAK2-mutated cells. Combined pharmacological inhibition of IRS2 and JAK2 may have a potential clinical application in MPN.

Mutations in FRMD7, a newly identified member of the FERM family, cause X-linked idiopathic congenital nystagmus.

Idiopathic congenital nystagmus is characterized by involuntary, periodic, predominantly horizontal oscillations of both eyes. We identified 22 mutations in FRMD7 in 26 families with X-linked idiopathic congenital nystagmus. Screening of 42 singleton cases of idiopathic congenital nystagmus (28 male, 14 females) yielded three mutations (7%). We found restricted expression of FRMD7 in human embryonic brain and developing neural retina, suggesting a specific role in the control of eye movement and gaze stability

Plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite genotypes: a limited variation or new subspecies with major biological consequences?

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Plasmodium vivax </it>circumsporozoite variants have been identified in several geographical areas. The real implication of the genetic variation in this region of the <it>P. vivax </it>genome has been questioned for a long time. Although previous studies have observed significant association between VK210 and the Duffy blood group, we present here that evidences of this variation are limited to the CSP central portion.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The phylogenetic analyses were accomplished starting from the amplification of conserved domains of <it>18 SSU RNAr </it>and <it>Cyt B</it>. The antibodies responses against the CSP peptides, MSP-1, AMA-1 and DBP were detected by ELISA, in plasma samples of individuals infected with two <it>P. vivax CS </it>genotypes: VK210 and <it>P. vivax</it>-like.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>These analyses of the two markers demonstrate high similarity among the <it>P. vivax CS </it>genotypes and surprisingly showed diversity equal to zero between VK210 and <it>P. vivax</it>-like, positioning these <it>CS </it>genotypes in the same clade. A high frequency IgG antibody against the N- and C-terminal regions of the <it>P. vivax </it>CSP was found as compared to the immune response to the R- and V- repetitive regions (<it>p </it>= 0.0005, Fisher's Exact test). This difference was more pronounced when the <it>P. vivax</it>-like variant was present in the infection (<it>p </it>= 0.003, Fisher's Exact test). A high frequency of antibody response against MSP-1 and AMA-1 peptides was observed for all <it>P. vivax CS </it>genotypes in comparison to the same frequency for DBP.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This results target that the differences among the <it>P. vivax CS </it>variants are restrict to the central repeated region of the protein, mostly nucleotide variation with important serological consequences.</p

Goodbye to the term 'ankylosing spondylitis', hello 'axial spondyloarthritis': time to embrace the ASAS-defined nomenclature

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is the historic term used for decades for the HLA-B27-associated inflammatory disease affecting mainly the sacroiliac joints (SIJ) and spine. Classification criteria for AS have radiographic sacroiliitis as a dominant characteristic. However, with the availability of MRI of SIJ, it could be demonstrated that the disease starts long before definite SIJ changes become visible on radiographs. The Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society, representing a worldwide group of experts reached consensus on changes in the nomenclature pertaining to axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), such as the terminology of diagnosis and of assessment of disease activity tools. These are important changes in the field, as experts in axSpA are now in agreement that the term axSpA is the overall term for the disease. A further differentiation, of which radiographic versus non-radiographic is only one aspect, may be relevant for research purposes. Another important decision was that the terms AS and radiographic axSpA (r-axSpA) can be used interchangeably, but that the preferred term is r-axSpA. Based on the decision that axSpA is the correct terminology, a proposal was made to officially change the meaning of the ASDAS acronym to 'Axial Spondyloarthritis Disease Activity Score'. In addition, for simplification it was proposed that the term ASDAS (instead of ASDAS-CRP) should be preferred and applied to the ASDAS calculated with C reactive protein (CRP). It is hoped that these changes will be used consequently for education, in textbooks, manuscripts and presentations