Market orientation in the non-profit sector: a resource dependence perspective

In the context of an increasingly competitive environment in which organisations are compelled to manage their resources and capabilities in more efficient and effective ways, the concept of market orientation has been acknowledged as highly important in the marketing and management literature. The existing literature, however, has mainly been focused on the for-profit sector and, to our best knowledge, little research has been undertaken in other organisational contexts, such as the non-profit sector. Given the specificity of NPOs and the increasingly demanding resource environments in which these organisations operate, thepresent study examines the extent to which resource dependence impacts the market orientation construct. The findings suggest that resource dependence has proven to provide important insights for gaining a better understanding of market orientation although this concept needs to be reassessed in the specific context of non-profit organisations. The paper concludes with a series of implications for theory and practice.NPOs, Market Orientation, Resource Dependence Theory

Entry-marking ἀλλὰ γάρ in Greek tragedy and comedy

In Greek tragedy and comedy, a character arriving on stage may be announced by using the particle combination ἀλλὰ γάρ or καὶ μήν. Entry-marking ἀλλὰ γάρ is said by Denniston (1954) to be either “complex” (whereby ἀλλά goes with the main clause and γάρ with a dependent clause) or “simple” (both particles going with the main clause). Taking this as a starting point, all the instances of entry-marking ἀλλὰ γάρ are surveyed in the light of the PUSH and POP theory as expounded by Slings (1997). Similarities and differences between ἀλλὰ γάρ and entry-marking καὶ μήν are also pointed out, and brief conclusions are drawn thereof.In Greek tragedy and comedy, a character arriving on stage may be announced by using the particle combination ἀλλὰ γάρ or καὶ μήν. Entry-marking ἀλλὰ γάρ is said by Denniston (1954) to be either “complex” (whereby ἀλλά goes with the main clause and γάρ with a dependent clause) or “simple” (both particles going with the main clause). Taking this as a starting point, all the instances of entry-marking ἀλλὰ γάρ are surveyed in the light of the PUSH and POP theory as expounded by Slings (1997). Similarities and differences between ἀλλὰ γάρ and entry-marking καὶ μήν are also pointed out, and brief conclusions are drawn thereof

Jogo com dados e a compreensão dos conhecimentos de professores de matemática em formação inicial sobre probabilidade

O propósito deste trabalho é discutir os conhecimentos necessários ao professor para o ensino de Probabilidade na escola básica por meio de uma atividade de jogos com dados. Temos como marco teórico os estudos sobre conhecimentos necessários aos professores para o ensino de matemática. Aplicamos uma atividade denominada “o lançamento de três dados” a um grupo de 48 estudantes de Licenciatura em Matemática de uma universidade pública do Brasil. Os resultados apontam lacunas e dificuldades no conhecimento desse grupo sobre Probabilidade. A formação de professores em matemática, especificamente concernente aos temas probabilísticos, deve ser melhorada para que seja possível alcançar patamar satisfatório do Conhecimento Matemático para o Ensino de Probabilidade

Maritime sales and contractual confluence

It is estimated that ships transport about 80 % of world trade; in other words, these are goods transfers carried out by maritime mode. The maritime sale is a kind of sale and is understood as a form of distance commercial exchange. Originally, its dynamism has been closely related to the fluctuations inherent to international trade because of market opening policies or the adoption of protectionist measures. It is a known fact that in maritime sales the confluence of at least four types of contracts occurs: The sales contract, the transport contract, the documentary credit contract and the cargo insurance contract. This investigation analyzes the dynamics of maritime sales with emphasis on the main contract, which is the international sales contract, and approaches the state of the art in Per

Eliminação da hepatite C em Portugal: um mito urbano?

© 2020 Sociedade Portuguesa de Gastrenterologia Published by S. Karger AG, Basel. This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND) (http://www.karger.com/Services/OpenAccessLicense). Usage and distribution for commercial purposes as well as any distribution of modified material requires written permissionThe burden of hepatitis C virus infection remains very high despite huge progress in the cure of the infection. The high prevalence of hepatitis C, especially in vulnerable groups and particularly drug users, may compromise the achievement of the 2030 WHO targets with a 90% reduction in new infections and a 65% reduction in mortality. Therapy with the latest pangenotypic direct-acting antivirals provides cure rates in the order of 97% with short-term oral treatment (8-12 weeks) and with an excellent safety and tolerability profile. Curing the infection causes significant health gains derived from preventing complications from cirrhosis, especially hepatocellular carcinoma, and from liver transplantation. Elimination of hepatitis seems feasible with the implementation of a massive therapy program, focusing particularly on vulnerable populations, through micro-elimination strategies, and in the general population with age-based screening. The reduction of the virus reservoir (humans are the only reservoir) is a determining factor in eradicating the virus.O peso relativo da infecção pelo vírus da hepatite C permanece muito elevado apesar dos enormes progressos verificados na cura da infecção. A elevada prevalência da hepatite C, sobretudo nos nos grupos vulneráveis e em particular nos utilizadores de drogas, pode comprometer o atingimento das metas da WHO para 2030 com redução de 90% de novas infecções e redução de mortalidade em 65%. A terapêutica com os antivíricos de acção directa mais recentes, pangenotípicos, proporciona taxas de cura da ordem dos 97% com tratamento oral de curta duração (8–12 semanas), e com excelente perfil de segurança e to­lerabilidade. A curada infecção ocasiona significativos ganhos em saúde derivados da prevenção das complicações da cirrose, sobretudo do carcinoma hepatocelular, e do transplante hepático. A eliminação da hepatite parece exequível com a aplicação de um programa de massificação da terapêutica, incidindo particularmente nas populações vulneráveis, através de estratégias de microeliminação, e na população geral com rastreio baseado na idade. A redução do reservatório do vírus (o homem é o único reservatório), é determinante para a sua eliminação.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Evolução da epidemia tabágica em adolescentesportugueses escolarizados e vias para o seu controlo– Uma análise baseada nos dados do Health Behaviourin School – Aged Children (HBSC)

Fumar tem consequências imediatas na saúde das crianças e dos adolescentes. No entanto, o maior risco que estas correm quando começam a fumar é o de ficarem dependentes do tabaco, muitas vezes para avida inteira, podendo mais tarde vir a sofrer das inúmeras e graves patologias atribuídas ao tabagismo. Este facto releva a importância de prevenir o consumo de tabaco pelos jovens, para dessa forma controlar a expansão da epidemia tabágica e, consequentemente,evitar os problemas de saúde, económicos, sociais e ambientais a ela associados. Embora Portugal não tenha um plano nacional de prevenção do tabagismo, REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE PNEUMOLOGIA Vol XII N.º 5 Setembro/Outubro 2006526têm sido desenvolvidas em algumas escolas iniciativas para prevenir o consumo desta droga lícita. Para de-terminar a eficácia de tais medidas comparamos as prevalências do consumo de tabaco fornecidas pelo Health Behaviour in School – Aged Children (HBSC)(11-15 anos) de 1997/98 e 2002. Os resultados do estudo mostram que em Portugal se registou um grande aumento da prevalência do consumo de tabaco nos dois sexos, particularmente no feminino.Os dados permitem concluir que a escola não está a ser eficaz na prevenção do tabagismo e que em Portugal continua a ser necessário investir na prevenção primária.While smoking has negative health consequences for children and adolescents, the major risk of smoking onset by these age groups is tobacco dependence, in most cases for the rest of their lives, which can later lead to the suffering of diseases related to smoking, This fact shows the importance of smoking prevention in teens to avoid the negative health, economic and environmental effects related to smoking. Although Portugal does not have a National Smoking Prevention Programme, some schools have developed prevention campaigns to control the spread of the tobacco epidemic. To determine the efficacy of smoking prevention campaigns developed in Portuguese schools we compared the data of smoking prevalence provided by Health Behaviour in School - Aged Children (HBSC) (11-15 years old) from 1997/98 and 2002. The results show the rise of smoking prevalence in students on both sexes, especially among girls. Data supports the conclusion that Portuguese schools are not effective in smoking prevention and in Portugal it is necessary to continue smoking prevention campaigns aimed at the younger children.(undefined

Vyndaqel (Tafamidis) market entry in Portugal

The main objective of this pedagogical case study is to analyse the market entry dynamics of pharmaceutical innovative drugs in Portugal, and the role and impact of the different stakeholders in this process. The case focuses on the market entry of Vyndaqel (Tafamidis) Pfizer’s orphan innovative product to treat TTR-FAP, “paramiloidose”, a highly incapacitating rare disease that has more than 2.000 diagnosed patients in Portugal, one of the highest prevalence worldwide and an incidence of 100 new patients every year. In terms of methodology it were used two main sources of information. Regarding secondary data sources it was made an exhaustive search using the main specialty search engines regarding the Tafamidis case, market access, orphan drugs and market entry context in Portugal and Europe. In terms of primary data it were conducted 7 direct interviews with the main case stakeholders. The pedagogical case study focuses on 5 main questions that provide the base of the discussion for the classes. First it is analysed the rationale behind the introduction of Tafamidis in Portugal, and its relevance for Pfizer, namely due to the previous investment made with the acquisition of FoldRX by $400M, the company that developed the product in the first place. It is also analysed the point of view of the NHS, and the reasoning behind drug reimbursement that considered not only the technical (efficacy and safety) and financial benefits of the drug, but also the social impact, due to the major role played by patient associations’ actions and coverage provided by the media that impacted the reimbursement decision. Finally it is analysed the vertical financing methodology that was selected by the Ministry of Health for drug acquisition by 2 public hospitals, that served as reference centres for the treatment of this diseas

La contribución de los programas de influencias psicosociales (complementados con otras estrategias) en el control de la epidemia tabáquica

El mayor riesgo que tienen los niños y adolescentes cuando comienzan a fumar es el que se hagan dependientes del tabaco, muchas veces para toda su vida, como resultado del consumo diario de tabaco durante varios años, con lo que sufrirán algunas de las patologías causadas por el humo resultante de la combustión del tabaco, en particular de cáncer de pulmón, bronquitis crónica e infarto de miocardio. En este artículo se presentan algunas razones para prevenir el consumo de tabaco, se describe el proceso por el cual los niños y los jóvenes comienzan a fumar y la contribución que la escuela puede dar para evitar que inicien una carrera de fumadores perjudicial. De entre el conjunto de intervenciones preventivas a desarrollar en la escuela se recomienda la implantación de programas de influencias psicosociales y se describen algunos programas de este tipo. Para aumentar la eficacia de los programas de prevención en la escuela es necesario introducir modificaciones en el ambiente escolar, promover la implicación de los padres, desarrollar y aplicar programas de abandono para los adolescentes y adoptar estrategias de ámbito más comunitario como el control del acceso social y comercial al tabaco, campañas en los medios de comunicación, prohibición de la promoción y publicidad del tabaco y aumento de precios.The main risk taken by children and adolescentscommencing smoking is that, very often, they becometobacco dependent for their entire lives as a result of the dailyuse of tobacco over several years, leading to their sufferingfrom the pathologies induced by inhaling tobacco smoke, inparticular lung cancer, chronic bronchitis and myocardialinfarction. This article presents some of the arguments forpreventing smoking, describes the process through whichyouth starts smoking, and discusses the role that school couldplay in preventing students from becoming smokers. Amongthe range of preventive interventions to be made in schools,the introduction of psychosocial influence programmes isrecommended with a description of some of the programmesof this kind. In order to increase the effectiveness ofprevention programmes in schools, it is necessary to introducemodifications in the school environment, promote theinvolvement of parents, develop and apply teen cessationprogrammes and adopt more community-based approachessuch as controlling social and commercial access to cigarettes,media campaigns, banning cigarette advertising and increasingprices.(undefined

Simulation analysis of IEEE 802.15.4 for wireless networked control systems

The deployment of wireless networks in industrial environments can bring several advantages over their wired counterparts; however, the characteristics of the wireless channels pose challenges to the provisioning of quality of service (QoS) that are not seen in wired networks. This paper provides an analysis of how important QoS parameters, such as message delivery ratio, delay and energy consumption, vary as a function of the number of sensor nodes injecting traffic in IEEE 802.15.4 networks operating in unbeaconed mode. Results show that the peer-to-peer topology enables better performance than the star topology, under the same conditions, indicating that the former is a better option if centralized control is not required. The use of retransmissions increases significantly the reliability of the network; however, even a high number of retransmissions are not enough to provide full reliability when the channel is highly affected by errors. Results also show that presence of hidden nodes can severely degrade the performance of the network, while the reduction of the turnaround time can improve the performance.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT