Level-of-Aspiration Theory and Initial Stance in Bargaining

This research focuses on the effect of initial stance in bargaining. Following level-of-aspiration theory, the research examines whether the pattern of early concession making modifies the impact of tough vs. soft initial stance. The experiment manipulated opponent\u27s concession pattern (decreasing, constant, increasing) in the early phase of bargaining within an overall tough or soft initial stance. Results indicated that a decreasing concession pattern within the early bargaining extracted larger initial concessions than a constant or increasing concession pattern. Implications for Siegel and Fouraker\u27s (1960) level-of-aspiration theory are discussed

Bargaining Toughness: A Qualification of Level-of-Aspiration and Reciprocity Hypotheses

This research examined the interaction of initial bargaining stance and later concession strategy in dyadic bargaining. Experimental procedures pitted subjects against a programmed opponent and manipulated three variables: initial stance of the opponent across the first two bargaining rounds (tough vs. soft), deadlock vs. no deadlock, and subsequent concession strategy (tough, matching, soft). The results revealed that: (a) with a tough initial stance, a matching strategy produced greater yielding than tough or soft strategies; while in the context of a soft initial stance, a tough concession strategy produced more yielding than a matching or soft concession strategy; and (b) a prior deadlock reduced later concession making but did not specify or alter the effects of concession strategy. The research qualifies prior work based on level of aspiration and reciprocity theories by indicating that certain postures which mix toughness with softer stances are the most effective bargaining tactics

Discours de presse et veille stratégique d'évènements. Approche textométrique et extraction d'informations pour la fouille de textes

This research demonstrates two methods of text mining for strategic monitoring purposes: information extraction and Textometry. In strategic monitoring, text mining is used to automatically obtain information on the activities of corporations. For this objective, information extraction identifies and labels units of information, named entities (companies, places, people), which then constitute entry points for the analysis of economic activities or events. These include mergers, bankruptcies, partnerships, etc., involving corresponding corporations. A Textometric method, however, uses several statistical models to study the distribution of words in large corpora, with the goal of shedding light on significant characteristics of the textual data. In this research, Textometry, an approach traditionally considered incompatible with information extraction methods, is applied to the same corpus as an information extraction procedure in order to obtain information on economic events. Several textometric analyses (characteristic elements, co-occurrences) are examined on a corpus of online news feeds. The results are then compared to those produced by the information extraction procedure. Both approaches contribute differently to processing textual data, producing complementary analyses of the corpus. Following the comparison, this research presents the advantages for these two text mining methods in strategic monitoring of current events.Ce travail a pour objet l’étude de deux méthodes de fouille automatique de textes, l’extraction d’informations et la textométrie, toutes deux mises au service de la veille stratégique des événements économiques. Pour l’extraction d’informations, il s’agit d’identifier et d’étiqueter des unités de connaissances, entités nommées — sociétés, lieux, personnes, qui servent de points d’entrée pour les analyses d’activités ou d’événements économiques — fusions, faillites, partenariats, impliquant ces différents acteurs. La méthode textométrique, en revanche, met en œuvre un ensemble de modèles statistiques permettant l’analyse des distributions de mots dans de vastes corpus, afin faire émerger les caractéristiques significatives des données textuelles. Dans cette recherche, la textométrie, traditionnellement considérée comme étant incompatible avec la fouille par l’extraction, est substituée à cette dernière pour obtenir des informations sur des événements économiques dans le discours. Plusieurs analyses textométriques (spécificités et cooccurrences) sont donc menées sur un corpus de flux de presse numérisé. On étudie ensuite les résultats obtenus grâce à la textométrie en vue de les comparer aux connaissances mises en évidence au moyen d’une procédure d’extraction d’informations. On constate que chacune des approches contribuent différemment au traitement des données textuelles, produisant toutes deux des analyses complémentaires. À l’issue de la comparaison est exposé l’apport des deux méthodes de fouille pour la veille d’événements

Elements in the Composition of the Mediaeval Play of the Nativity in Relation to Their Final Form

University of Minnesota Masters thesis. May 1912. 1 computer file (PDF); 110 pages

Aspects of time and the study of activity routines.

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of City and Regional Planning. Thesis. 1968. M.C.P.Eleven unnumbered leaves inserted.Bibliography: leaves 179-190.M.C.P