One God or one Lord?: deuteronomy and the meaning of'monotheism'

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Aurorasaurus and the St Patrick’s Day storm

The recent St. Patrick's Day geomagnetic storm provided a rare chance for the public to witness a dazzling auroral display, even from mid-latitudes. An unprecedented number of citizen scientists reported their sightings to Aurorasaurus, offering an exciting opportunity for future scientific study

A comparison of modeled auroral boundaries with observations from citizen scientists

Over the past year, the citizen science project Aurorasaurus has collected new, globally-distributed, ground-based observations of the aurora and has integrated them with space-based estimates of auroral activity. A case study of these observations were compared to the OVATION Prime model of aurora, run by the NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC). The observations were comprised of positive and negative sightings directly reported to Aurorasaurus, along with verified tweets, which are positive sightings reported on Twitter and verified by Aurorasaurus users. The observations were collected during March and April 2015, a period spanning three large geomagnetic storms, and covered a wide range of latitudes. The observations demonstrated that, during these events, over 60% of the positive aurora observations (which includes those reported directly to Aurorasaurus and the verified tweets) occurred at latitudes equatorward of the SWPC predicted "view line". New scaling parameters were determined from the relationship of the differences in latitude between the positive observations and the view line, and the maximum probability of visible aurora. Future work testing these scaling parameters and using them in the Aurorasaurus real-time alert system will be presented

Using citizen science reports to define the equatorial extent of auroral visibility

An aurora may often be viewed hundreds of kilometers equatorward of the auroral oval owing to its altitude. As such, the NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC) Aurora Forecast product provides a “view line” to demonstrate the equatorial extent of auroral visibility, assuming that it is sufficiently bright and high in altitude. The view line in the SWPC product is based upon the latitude of the brightest aurora, for each hemisphere, as specified by the real-time oval variation, assessment, tracking, intensity, and online nowcasting (OVATION) Prime (2010) aurora precipitation model. In this study, we utilize nearly 500 citizen science auroral reports to compare with the view line provided by an updated SWPC aurora forecast product using auroral precipitation data from OVATION Prime (2013). The citizen science observations were recorded during March and April 2015 using the Aurorasaurus platform and cover one large geomagnetic storm and several smaller events. We find that this updated SWPC view line is conservative in its estimate and that the aurora is often viewable further equatorward than is indicated by the forecast. By using the citizen reports to modify the scaling parameters used to link the OVATION Prime (2013) model to the view line, we produce a new view line estimate that more accurately represents the equatorial extent of visible aurora. An OVATION Prime (2013) energy flux-based equatorial boundary view line is also developed and is found to provide the best overall agreement with the citizen science reports, with an accuracy of 91%

Scribalism and Ritual Innovation

In Wellhausen’s judgement, it was with the prophet Ezekiel that “the sacred praxis […] became a matter of theory and writing,” rather than a matter of the correct performance of rituals that had been handed down through the generations. With the Jerusalem temple in ruins, the path of transmission came under threat. In the face of the potential loss of priestly lore, “it is easy to understand […] how an exiled priest should have begun to paint the picture of it as he carried it in his memory, and to publish it as a programme for the future restoration of the theocracy.” This pithy account of how ritual came to be first written down amongst the ancient Judahites glosses over a number of complexities. On most assessments, Ezekiel’s programme of the restored theocracy did not correspond to the cultic practice of pre-destruction Judah. Was this the result of Ezekiel’s faulty memory, the programmatic and prophetic nature of the envisaged future cult, the transformation of sacred praxis into theory, or a combination of all three

Kinetics of reduction of a Resazurin-based photocatalytic activity ink

The kinetics of reduction of a Resazurin, Rz,-based photocatalyst activity indicator ink, paii, on a commercial sample of self-cleaning glass, Activ™ is examined; the latter has ca. a 15nm compact coating of anatase TiO2 which serves as the active photocatalyst layer. The rate of dye reduction is reduced significantly by the presence of ambient O2. In the absence of O2, the measured change in film absorbance due to Rz, d Δ Abs/dt, was found to be independent of both [Rz] and film thickness, b. It is shown that this translates to the rate of dye reduction, d[Rz]/dt, being independent of the concentration of the Rz in the ink film, [Rz], and inversely proportional to film thickness, b. The observed kinetics are rationalised in terms of a kinetic model in which the rate determining step is the reduction of photocatalyst surface-adsorbed Rz by photo-generated surface electrons, with all photocatalyst surface sites occupied by Rz. Further work suggests that, if the kinetics of the photocatalysed reduction of the Rz paii were diffusion-controlled, then the decay in [Rz] would be first order and dependent upon b-2

A real-time hybrid aurora alert system:combining citizen science reports with an auroral oval model

Accurately predicting when, and from where, an aurora will be visible is particularly difficult, yet it is a service much desired by the general public. Several aurora alert services exist that attempt to provide such predictions but are, generally, based upon fairly coarse estimates of auroral activity (e.g. Kp or Dst). Additionally, these services are not able to account for a potential observer's local conditions (such as cloud cover or level of darkness). Aurorasaurus, however, combines data from the well-used, solar wind driven, OVATION Prime auroral oval model with real-time observational data provided by a global network of citizen scientists. This system is designed to provide more accurate and localized alerts for auroral visibility than currently available. Early results are promising and show that over 100,000 auroral visibility alerts have been issued, including nearly 200 highly localized alerts, to over 2,000 users located right across the globe

Assessment of Urinalysis Reflex to Culture Criteria: Impact on Antimicrobial Usage

Objectives: To assess the predictive value of the urinalysis (UA) reflex criteria’s parameters and to evaluate the criteria’s impact on antimicrobial usage Methods: A prospective study using laboratory data was conducted on inpatient urine samples with orders placed for Urinalysis Reflex Culture (UARC) in a 400-bed acute care hospital. A total of 4016 urine samples were collected and examined between February and April 2020. The UA results were then subjected to the laboratory UA reflex criteria for reflecting UA to culture.  Multivariable logistic regression was utilized in evaluating the effectiveness of the criteria’s parameters to predict positive urine cultures Results: The total number of the positive UA reflex samples was 1539, which accounted for 38.3% of all the UA samples. Moreover, those positive UA samples were reflexed to urine cultures. Among the urine samples that were cultured, 45.1% (n = 694) were negative urine cultures while 54.9% (n = 845) were positive urine cultures. The UA reflex criterion was associated with positive predictive values for positive urine cultures between 26.30% and 92.96%. Conclusions: The current Laboratory UA reflex criterion is not highly effective in predicting positive urine culture, thus potentially leading to the inappropriate antimicrobial usage. &nbsp

Remote Predictive Mapping 7. The Use of Topographic–Bathymetric Lidar to Enhance Geological Structural Mapping in Maritime Canada

An airborne topo-bathymetric lidar survey was conducted at Cape John, on the north shore of Nova Scotia, Canada, using the shallow water Leica AHAB Chiroptera II sensor. The survey revealed new bedrock features that were not discovered using previous mapping methods. A thick blanket of glacial till covers the bedrock on land, and outcrops are exposed only along the coastal cliffs and offshore reefs. The seamless landseabed digital elevation model produced from the lidar survey revealed significant bedrock outcrop offshore where ocean currents have removed the glacial till, a significant finding that was hitherto hidden under the sea surface. Several reefs were identified offshore as well as a major fold structure where block faulting occurs along the limbs of the fold. The extension of the Malagash Mine Fault located ~10 km west of Cape John is proposed to explain the local folding and faulting visible in the submerged outcrops. The extension of this fault is partially visible on land, where it is obscured by glacial till, and its presence is supported by the orientation of submerged bedding and lineaments on both the south and north sides of Cape John. This paper demonstrates how near-shore high-resolution topography from bathymetric lidar can be used to enhance and refine geological mapping.RÉSUMÉUn levé lidar topo-bathymétrique été réalisé à Cape John, sur la rive nord de la Nouvelle-Écosse, Canada, en utilisant un capteur Leci AHAB Chiroptera II. Ce levé a permis de repérer des affleurements que les méthodes de cartographie plus anciennes n’avaient pu détecter. Une épaisse couche de till glaciaire recouvre la roche en place sur le continent, et la roche affleure seulement le long des falaises côtières et des récifs côtiers. Le modèle numérique de dénivelé en continu terres et fonds marins obtenu par le levé lidar a révélé l’existence d’affleurement rocheux considérables au large des côtes, là où les courants océaniques ont emporté le till glaciaire, une découverte importante demeurée cachée sous la surface de la mer jusqu’alors. Plusieurs récifs ont été identifiés au large des côtes, ainsi qu’une structure de pli majeure, à l’endroit où se produit un morcellement en blocs le long des flancs du pli. Une extension de la faille de la mine Malagash situé ~ 10 km à l’ouest de Cape John est proposé pour expliquer les plis et les failles locaux visibles dans les affleurements submergés. L’extension de cette faille est partiellement visible sur la terre, voilée par le till, et sa présence est étayée par l’orientation de la stratification et des linéaments submergés tant du côté sud que nord de Cape John. Cet article montre comment la topographie haute résolution du lidar bathymétrique peut être utilisée pour améliorer et affiner la cartographie géologique