Late-Paleoindian versus Early-Archaic Occupation of Yellowstone Lake, Wyoming

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Ventricular Pacing in Children

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/75351/1/j.1540-8159.1982.tb06565.x.pd

Culturing Keratinocytes and Fibroblasts in a Three-Dimensional Mesh Results in Epidermal Differentiation and Formation of a Basal Lamina-Anchoring Zone

The purpose of this study was to characterize an in vitro co-culture model in which fibroblasts grown in a three-dimensional nylon mesh were recombined with human keratinocytes. The cultures were kept for 3 and 5 weeks and then processed for electron microscopy. Keratinocytes showed reconstruction of an epidermis consisting of a basal layer with hemidesmosome's, a stratified epithelium with tonofilament's and desmosomes, a granular layer with keratinosomes and keratohyaline granules, and a transitional stratum corneum. Anchoring filaments, lamina densa, anchoring fibrils, bundles of elastin-associated microfibrils (diameters 10 nm) and fine collagen fibrils were formed. Collagen fibrils near the epidermis were much thinner than those in the lower levels.The present study shows that the dermal model containing metabolically active fibroblasts in their natural environment will support epidermal morphogenesis and differentiation including the formation of a basal lamina and anchoring zone

Better reporting of interventions : template for intervention description and replication (TIDieR) checklist and guide

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Initiation of skin basement membrane formation at the epidermo-dermal interface involves assembly of laminins through binding to cell membrane receptors

To study the mechanism of basement membrane formation, we determined by immunochemistry temporal and spatial expression of laminin-5 (Ln-5), laminin-1 (Ln-1) and their integrin receptors during early skin morphogenesis. A 3-dimensional skin culture was used that allows the study of the sequential molecular events of basement membrane formation at the epidermodermal interface. During early anchorage of keratinocytes to the extracellular matrix there is expression of Ln-5, BP-230 antigen and &#945;3, &#946;1 integrin subunits. During epidermal stratification and prior to the formation of the lamina densa there is assembly of Ln-5, Ln-1, collagen IV and nidogen accompanied by keratinocyte basal clustering of &#945;2, &#945;3, &#945;6, &#946;1, and &#946;4 integrin subunits. The assembly pattern of Ln-1 and Ln-5 can be disturbed with functional antibodies against the &#946;1 (AIIB2) and &#945;6 (GoH3) integrin subunits. Ln-1 assembly can also be disturbed with antibodies against its E8 domain and by competitive inhibition with a synthetic peptide (AG-73) derived from its G-4 domain. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that the dermis contributes about 80% of the laminin &#947;1 chain mRNA while 20% is produced by the epidermis which emphasizes its dual tissue origin and the major contribution of the mesenchyma in laminin production. The laminin &#947;2 chain mRNA, present in Ln-5, was mostly of epidermal origin. This study presents evidence that during the initiation of basement membrane formation, laminins bind to keratinocyte plasma membrane receptors and thus may serve as nucleation sites for further polymerization of these compounds by a self-assembly process.</p

Three femoral stem designs without corrosion: A review of 2095 stems

© 2020 Naudie et al. Introduction: Corrosion at the head–neck interface of modular components in total hip arthroplasty (THA) has been reported as a cause of failure of modern total hip replacement implants. While this method of failure has been well described, it remains poorly understood. The purpose of this study is to review the three most commonly used uncemented femoral stems at our institution over the last fifteen years and to correlate any established risk factors with rates of revision, particularly corrosion. Methods: We reviewed 2095 patients from March 2000 to September 2015 who underwent total hip arthroplasty with one of three uncemented femoral stem designs. All stems were made of a Ti6Al4V alloy with a 12/14 taper design. We included only those stems coupled with a CoCr head and a highly crosslinked polyethylene liner. We evaluated age, gender, body mass index (BMI), femoral head size, head length, neck angle and offset and correlated these to the incidence of all cause revision, as well as revision excluding infection. Results: There were no recognized corrosion-related revisions identified. There was no association between age, BMI, gender, head length, neck angle and offset to all cause revision or revision with infection excluded (p\u3e0.05). Femoral head size less than 32mm was associated with higher all cause revision rates (OR 4.60 (95% CI 1.8, 11.8)) and when excluding infection as a reason for revision (OR 4.94 (95% CI 1.7, 14.41)). Conclusion: Over the last fifteen years, we have not identified any cases of corrosion with the three most commonly used femoral stems used at out institution. While we acknowledge that no femoral stem is immune to corrosion, certain femoral stem designs may be uniquely resistant to this mode of failure. Level of Evidence: III

dftatom: A robust and general Schr\"odinger and Dirac solver for atomic structure calculations

A robust and general solver for the radial Schr\"odinger, Dirac, and Kohn--Sham equations is presented. The formulation admits general potentials and meshes: uniform, exponential, or other defined by nodal distribution and derivative functions. For a given mesh type, convergence can be controlled systematically by increasing the number of grid points. Radial integrations are carried out using a combination of asymptotic forms, Runge-Kutta, and implicit Adams methods. Eigenfunctions are determined by a combination of bisection and perturbation methods for robustness and speed. An outward Poisson integration is employed to increase accuracy in the core region, allowing absolute accuracies of $10^{-8}$ Hartree to be attained for total energies of heavy atoms such as uranium. Detailed convergence studies are presented and computational parameters are provided to achieve accuracies commonly required in practice. Comparisons to analytic and current-benchmark density-functional results for atomic number $Z$ = 1--92 are presented, verifying and providing a refinement to current benchmarks. An efficient, modular Fortran 95 implementation, \ttt{dftatom}, is provided as open source, including examples, tests, and wrappers for interface to other languages; wherein particular emphasis is placed on the independence (no global variables), reusability, and generality of the individual routines.Comment: Submitted to Computer Physics Communication on August 27, 2012, revised February 1, 201

Supersymmetric holography on AdS3

The proposed duality between Vasiliev's supersymmetric higher spin theory on AdS3 and the 't Hooft limit of the 2d superconformal Kazama-Suzuki models is analysed in detail. In particular, we show that the partition functions of the two theories agree in the large N limit.Comment: 25 pages, 3 figures, improved fig.

Using a realist approach to evaluate smoking cessation interventions targeting pregnant women and young people

Background This paper describes a study protocol designed to evaluate a programme of smoking cessation interventions targeting pregnant women and young people living in urban and rural locations in Northeast Scotland. The study design was developed on so-called 'realist' evaluation principles, which are concerned with the implementation of interventions as well as their outcomes. Methods/design A two-phased study was designed based on the Theory of Change (TOC) using mixed methods to assess both process and outcome factors. The study was designed with input from the relevant stakeholders. The mixed-methods approach consists of semi-structured interviews with planners, service providers, service users and non-users. These qualitative interviews will be analysed using a thematic framework approach. The quantitative element of the study will include the analysis of routinely collected data and specific project monitoring data, such as data on service engagement, service use, quit rates and changes in smoking status. Discussion The process of involving key stakeholders was conducted using logic modelling and TOC tools. Engaging stakeholders, including those responsible for funding, developing and delivering, and those intended to benefit from interventions aimed at them, in their evaluation design, are considered by many to increase the validity and rigour of the subsequent evidence generated. This study is intended to determine not only the components and processes, but also the possible effectiveness of this set of health interventions, and contribute to the evidence base about smoking cessation interventions aimed at priority groups in Scotland. It is also anticipated that this study will contribute to the ongoing debate about the role and challenges of 'realist' evaluation approaches in general, and the utility of logic modelling and TOC approaches in particular, for evaluation of complex health interventions

Crossover phenomena in spin models with medium-range interactions and self-avoiding walks with medium-range jumps

We study crossover phenomena in a model of self-avoiding walks with medium-range jumps, that corresponds to the limit $N\to 0$ of an $N$-vector spin system with medium-range interactions. In particular, we consider the critical crossover limit that interpolates between the Gaussian and the Wilson-Fisher fixed point. The corresponding crossover functions are computed using field-theoretical methods and an appropriate mean-field expansion. The critical crossover limit is accurately studied by numerical Monte Carlo simulations, which are much more efficient for walk models than for spin systems. Monte Carlo data are compared with the field-theoretical predictions concerning the critical crossover functions, finding a good agreement. We also verify the predictions for the scaling behavior of the leading nonuniversal corrections. We determine phenomenological parametrizations that are exact in the critical crossover limit, have the correct scaling behavior for the leading correction, and describe the nonuniversal lscrossover behavior of our data for any finite range.Comment: 43 pages, revte