Medios audiovisuales en el trabajo de campo de los alumnos en la asignatura Género y Salud, Universidad de Sevilla

Presentamos los resultados de los trabajos de campo realizados por las y los estudiantes de la asignatura “Género y Salud”, que comenzó a impartirse en el curso 2009-10, en el Grado de Enfermería. En estos trabajos de campo el alumnado ha trabajado sobre temas relacionados con los contenidos de la asignatura. Han realizado montajes utilizando contenidos multimedia obtenidos en la red, canciones, películas y videos que previamente habían sido utilizados para detectar metamensajes sexistas y por otra parte han realizado videos performativos realizados por ellos y ellas. Tanto la utilización de la imagen como texto, como el manejo de los elemento técnicos del montaje, la interacción grupal y con las profesoras que tutorizaban los grupos de práctica ha sido una experiencia enriquecedora y satisfactoria. La creatividad en la búsqueda y presentación de los temas elegidos, así como la calidad de los videos finales, ha superado las expectativas que nos habíamos planteado al comienzo en la andadura de esta nueva asignatura. Se ha conseguido el objetivo propuesto que era que los alumnos interiorizaran los contenidos de la asignatura Género y Salud y lo expresaran desde su propia óptica y códigos culturales, utilizando para ello tanto su propia expresividad como materiales multimedias que les resultan culturalmente significativos

Actitud frente a la Violencia de Género del alumnado de Enfermería y su relación con la formación universitaria recibida

El reconocimiento del papel crucial que la educación puede y debe desempeñar en la erradicación de la violencia contra la mujer es una idea consolidada entre las personas que trabajan específicamente en este tema desde distintos ámbitos1, que considera la educación como una herramienta fundamental para cambiar las actitudes y las conductas que llevan a perpetuar el sexismo y la violencia de género de generación en generación2. En concreto en el ámbito de Enfermería hay estudios3, 4 que analizan el posicionamiento de las enfermeras y enfermeros ante esta problemática y revelan un déficit en la formación recibida a nivel de currículo, y un desconocimiento a la hora de derivar estas situaciones sobre todo por entender que es un problema privado5. Además indican que la tasa autocomunicada de maltrato como causa de lesiones mejora cuando la mujer es preguntada por enfermeras y enfermeros sensibilizadas/os y formadas/os en la materia

Actitudes y percepciones sobre la violencia de género del personal docente y administrativo y de servicios de Manta: estudio del Colegio 5 de Junio (2014)

Ecuador presenta unas cifras alarmantes relativas a la violencia de género: seis de cada diez mujeres sostienen haber padecido algún tipo de violencia, según datos oficiales. En ese sentido, la región de Manabí, con un 36,1% de casos, se erige como la provincia ecuatoriana con una menor incidencia de mujeres que han vivido algún tipo de violencia de género. Este bajo índice de denuncias podría estar vinculado a factores contextuales, como el temor a las fuerzas públicas, el temor al agresor, e incluso la escasez de relaciones formales o de vínculos religiosos en las relaciones interpersonales. En este artículo presentamos una encuesta dirigida a los docentes y al personal administrativo y de servicios del Colegio Nacional 5 de Junio, radicado en la ciudad de Manta (Ecuador),un centro paradigmático con más de seis décadas de existencia donde se han dado casos de violencia extrema en las aulas. Los resultados de la encuesta confirman de manera preocupante el turbulento estado del imaginario ecuatoriano sobre la violencia de género. Dada la gravedad de la situación, los autores recomiendan a las autoridades gubernamentales emprender análisis de mayor profundidad sobre el mismo objeto de estudio.Ecuador presents some alarming figures on domestic violence: six out of ten women say they have suffered some form of violence, according to official data. In that sense, the region of Manabí, with 36.1% of cases, stands as the Ecuadorian province with a lower incidence of women who have experienced some form of domestic violence. This under-reporting could be linked to contextual factors, such as fear of public forces, fear the attacker, and even the lack of formal relations or religious ties in interpersonal relationships. In this paper we present a survey of teachers and administrative and service staff of the National College June 5, based in the city of Manta (Ecuador), a paradigm center with over six decades of existence where there have been cases of extreme violence in the classroom. The results of the survey confirm worryingly the turbulent state of the Ecuadorian imagination about gender violence. Given the gravity of the situation, the authors recommend that government authorities undertake further analysis on the same subject matter

Beliefs and attitudes toward Gender-Based Violence (GBV) in nursing students

Objetivo: Identificar creencias y actitudes hacia la violencia de género (VG) en el alumnado de Enfermería de la Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad de Sevilla. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo transversal en el que participan 265 alumnos de Enfermería de la Universidad de Sevilla. Como instrumento se utiliza una encuesta anónima autoadministrada para evaluar la autopercepción, socialización, formación académica en género y capacitación para abordar la VG a la que se incorpora la Escala de Creencias y Actitudes hacia el Género y la Violencia (C.A.G.V.) de Díaz-Aguado. Resultados: Los chicos tienen más creencias sexistas y las chicas valoran mejor el acceso de la mujer a puestos de poder y responsabilidad. En el alumnado del primer curso es más frecuente considerar que la V.G.es consecuencia de la fatalidad biológica, el alumnado de cursos superiores consideran la V.G. un asunto privado. Conclusión: Los hombres están más influidos por las creencias sexistas y adoptan postura más fatalista a la hora de justificar la violencia.Objective: To identify beliefs and attitudes toward Gender-based violence (GBV) in nursing students. Methodology: a descriptive study involving 265 nursing students at the University of Seville. A self-administered anonymous survey was used to assess: a) perception, socialization, gender-based academic training and preparedness to address the GBV, b) the scale of beliefs and attitudes towards Gender-based violence (C.A.G.V.) by Diaz-Aguado applied. Results: The boys have more sexist beliefs and about the biological fate of the GBV, whereas girls value the better the access of women to positions of power and responsibility. The first course was associated with beliefs about biological fate of the GBV, whereas in higher grades GBV is considered a private matter problem. Conclusion: Men are more influenced by sexist attitudes and adopt a more fatalistic approach when justifying the violence

Immunosuppression-independent role of regulatory T cells against hypertension-driven renal dysfunctions

Hypertension-associated cardiorenal diseases represent one of the heaviest burdens for current health systems. In addition to hemodynamic damage, recent results have revealed that hematopoietic cells contribute to the development of these diseases by generating proinflammatory and profibrotic environments in the heart and kidney. However, the cell subtypes involved remain poorly characterized. Here we report that CD39+ regulatory T (TREG) cells utilize an immunosuppression-independent mechanism to counteract renal and possibly cardiac damage during angiotensin II (AngII)-dependent hypertension. This mechanism relies on the direct apoptosis of tissue-resident neutrophils by the ecto-ATP diphosphohydrolase activity of CD39. In agreement with this, experimental and genetic alterations in TREG/TH cell ratios have a direct impact on tissue-resident neutrophil numbers, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, cardiorenal fibrosis, and, to a lesser extent, arterial pressure elevation during AngII-driven hypertension. These results indicate that TREG cells constitute a first protective barrier against hypertension-driven tissue fibrosis and, in addition, suggest new therapeutic avenues to prevent hypertension-linked cardiorenal diseases.This work has been supported by grants from the Castilla-León Autonomous Government (CSI101U13), the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (SAF2012-31371, RD12/0036/0002), Worldwide Cancer Research, the Solórzano Foundation, and the Ramón Areces Foundation to X.R.B. P.M. is funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (SAF2011-27330). S.F., M.M.-M., J.R.-V., and A.M.-M. were supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through BES-2010-031386, CSIC JAE-Doc, Juan de la Cierva, and BES-2009-016103 contracts, respectively. Spanish government-sponsored funding to X.R.B. is partially supported by the European Regional Development Fund.Peer Reviewe

Glucagon-Producing Cell Expansion in Wistar Rats. Changes to Islet Architecture After Sleeve Gastrectomy

Purpose Many studies about bariatric surgery have analyzed the effect of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) on glucose improvement, beta-cell mass, and islet size modification. The effects of SG on the other endocrine cells of the pancreas, such as the alpha-cell population, and their regulatory mechanisms remain less studied. Materials and Methods We focused our work on the changes in the alpha-cell population after SG in a healthy model of Wistar rats. We measured alpha-cell mass, glucose tolerance, and insulin release after oral glucose tolerance tests and plasma glucagon secretion patterns after insulin infusion. Three Wistar rat groups were employed: SG-operated, surgical control (Sham), and fasting control. Results The results obtained showed significant increases in the alpha-cell population after SG. The result was an increase in beta-cell transdifferentiation; it was shown by some expressed molecules (the loss of expression of Pdx-1 and the increase in Arx and Pax6 cells/mm(2) of islet). The serum results were enhanced plasma glucagon secretion pattern after insulin infusion assays and normal glucose tolerance and insulin release after OGTT. Conclusion We concluded that SG leads to an expansion of the alpha-cell population, at expense of beta-cell; this expansion of alpha-cells is related to transdifferentiation. Plasma glucose level was not affected due to an increased glucagon response

Intermediate Molecular Phenotypes to Identify Genetic Markers of Anthracycline-Induced Cardiotoxicity Risk.

Cardiotoxicity due to anthracyclines (CDA) affects cancer patients, but we cannot predict who may suffer from this complication. CDA is a complex trait with a polygenic component that is mainly unidentified. We propose that levels of intermediate molecular phenotypes (IMPs) in the myocardium associated with histopathological damage could explain CDA susceptibility, so variants of genes encoding these IMPs could identify patients susceptible to this complication. Thus, a genetically heterogeneous cohort of mice (n = 165) generated by backcrossing were treated with doxorubicin and docetaxel. We quantified heart fibrosis using an Ariol slide scanner and intramyocardial levels of IMPs using multiplex bead arrays and QPCR. We identified quantitative trait loci linked to IMPs (ipQTLs) and cdaQTLs via linkage analysis. In three cancer patient cohorts, CDA was quantified using echocardiography or Cardiac Magnetic Resonance. CDA behaves as a complex trait in the mouse cohort. IMP levels in the myocardium were associated with CDA. ipQTLs integrated into genetic models with cdaQTLs account for more CDA phenotypic variation than that explained by cda-QTLs alone. Allelic forms of genes encoding IMPs associated with CDA in mice, including AKT1, MAPK14, MAPK8, STAT3, CAS3, and TP53, are genetic determinants of CDA in patients. Two genetic risk scores for pediatric patients (n = 71) and women with breast cancer (n = 420) were generated using machine-learning Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression. Thus, IMPs associated with heart damage identify genetic markers of CDA risk, thereby allowing more personalized patient management.J.P.L.’s lab is sponsored by Grant PID2020-118527RB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/ 501100011039; Grant PDC2021-121735-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011039 and by the “European Union Next Generation EU/PRTR”, the Regional Government of Castile and León (CSI144P20). J.P.L. and P.L.S. are supported by the Carlos III Health Institute (PIE14/00066). AGN laboratory and human patients’ studies are supported by an ISCIII project grant (PI18/01242). The Human Genotyping unit is a member of CeGen, PRB3, and is supported by grant PT17/0019 of the PE I + D + i 2013–2016, funded by ISCIII and ERDF. SCLl is supported by MINECO/FEDER research grants (RTI2018-094130-B-100). CH was supported by the Department of Defense (DoD) BCRP, No. BC190820; and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), No. R01CA184476. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) is a multi-program national laboratory operated by the University of California for the DOE under contract DE AC02-05CH11231. The Proteomics Unit belongs to ProteoRed, PRB3-ISCIII, supported by grant PT17/0019/0023 of the PE I + D +i, 2017–2020, funded by ISCIII and FEDER. RCC is funded by fellowships from the Spanish Regional Government of Castile and León. NGS is a recipient of an FPU fellowship (MINECO/FEDER). hiPSC-CM studies were funded in part by the “la Caixa” Banking Foundation under the project code HR18-00304 and a Severo Ochoa CNIC Intramural Project (Exp. 12-2016 IGP) to J.J.S