Liberty, Community, and the Free Man in Magna Carta

This dissertation is an overview of the concept of liberty and community in Magna Carta. The central point is the ethical understanding of liberty which Salisbury calls the habitus of liberty. Liberty is an ethical condition of the individual which exists in tension and parallel to the social status of Liber Homo. This dual characterization of liberty is the causal factor behind the understanding of Magna Carta as both document and event in constitutional history in the related History literature on this topic. Because Liberty is understood in Magna Carta as a habitus, the particular behaviors associated with liberty, referred to in the modern parlance as rights, take on a significance that is distinct from their modern understanding. The practice of rights contributes to liberty but is not constitutive of liberty, as rights are exterior manifestations of an interior state of freedom. Insofar as the practice of free behaviors aid in the formation of personal character, they are helpful and good, but the deprivation of these behaviors, even by force, does not deprive the individual of liberty. Liberty, as a characteristic of personality, can only be lost when the individual voluntarily surrenders to servility. The medieval writers links this to Christian liberty of the soul; freedom is to virtue as slavishness is to sin. The characteristic of liberty is identified with the redeemed Christian soul and the transformative element of habitus in Aristotelian ethics is identified with the Pauline renovatio of the soul through the Holy Spirit. The elements of the vita libertatis, presented here as a refinement and completion of the ancient vita activa, are identified as a particular understanding of community as a multidimensionality of relationships which intersect on the individual upon diverging ontological, temporal, and relational axes, and are expressed through the typical life of a free individual. The 12th Century Liber Homo lived as a warrior, a landholder, a friend, a Christian, a judge, and a leader. Like the understanding of rights, these roles are not constitutive of the free life, but contribute to it. The challenge is to examine our own lives through this foil

Managing Power: The Practical Work of Negotiating Interests

The purpose of this study was to investigate how adult educators negotiate power and interests in program planning for training and development in a corporate setting. The research methodology was a descriptive qualitative study of typical program planning practices of adult educators in a multi-national corporation. The chief finding was that planners\u27 practical strategic action for negotiating interests and power varied according to specific situations and how planners perceived the involvement of various stakeholders

Ent-labdane diterpenoides, tremetone and chromene derivates and flavonoids from Ophryosporus heptanthus.

From aerial parts of Ophryosporus heptanthus, one known and three new ent-labbane diterpenoids, four known tremetone and chromene derivatives and two known flavonoids were isolated. Their structures were estabilished by spectroscopic methods

THE EFFECT OF ARTIFICIALLY EXTENDED PHOTOPERIOD DURING LACTATION ON MATERNAL PERFORMANCE OF THE SOW

A 20-stall farrowing facility was partitioned into two separate rooms of 10 stalls each so that photoperiod could be controlled. In addition, temperature and air movement were equalized in the two rooms. The two light regimens utilized were 8 h light: 16 h dark, and 16 h light:8 h dark. A total of 26 sows in two replicates were used. Females were moved into the facility on d 103 -+2 of pregnancy, litters were equalized at birth and weaning was at 28 d of age. Traits evaluated included litter size at birth and weaning, 21-d pig and litter weights, milk yield on d 15, survival rate and number of days from weaning to estrus for the sow. The number of pigs born alive was similar across treatments. However, after equalization of litter size, differences in the number weaned/ litter were significant (P\u3c.05) as sows exposed to 16 h of light weaned approximately one pig more per litter. The survival rate within each litter from birth (after equalization) to 21 d of age was greater (P\u3c.05) for sows exposed to 16 h light (91.2%) than for those from sows exposed to 8 h light (81.5%). Milk yield at d 15 was measured for 21 of the sows. The sows exposed to 16 h light produced significantly more milk (P\u3c.05) than sows exposed to 8 h light. The time from weaning to first estrus was similar for each treatment group

THE EFFECT OF ARTIFICIALLY EXTENDED PHOTOPERIOD DURING LACTATION ON MATERNAL PERFORMANCE OF THE SOW

A 20-stall farrowing facility was partitioned into two separate rooms of 10 stalls each so that photoperiod could be controlled. In addition, temperature and air movement were equalized in the two rooms. The two light regimens utilized were 8 h light: 16 h dark, and 16 h light:8 h dark. A total of 26 sows in two replicates were used. Females were moved into the facility on d 103 -+2 of pregnancy, litters were equalized at birth and weaning was at 28 d of age. Traits evaluated included litter size at birth and weaning, 21-d pig and litter weights, milk yield on d 15, survival rate and number of days from weaning to estrus for the sow. The number of pigs born alive was similar across treatments. However, after equalization of litter size, differences in the number weaned/ litter were significant (P\u3c.05) as sows exposed to 16 h of light weaned approximately one pig more per litter. The survival rate within each litter from birth (after equalization) to 21 d of age was greater (P\u3c.05) for sows exposed to 16 h light (91.2%) than for those from sows exposed to 8 h light (81.5%). Milk yield at d 15 was measured for 21 of the sows. The sows exposed to 16 h light produced significantly more milk (P\u3c.05) than sows exposed to 8 h light. The time from weaning to first estrus was similar for each treatment group

Riparian forests with and without grass filters as buffers of concentrated flow from crop fields

Paper presented at the 11th North American Agroforesty Conference, which was held May 31-June 3, 2009 in Columbia, Missouri.In Gold, M.A. and M.M. Hall, eds. Agroforestry Comes of Age: Putting Science into Practice. Proceedings, 11th North American Agroforestry Conference, Columbia, Mo., May 31-June 3, 2009.A vegetation inventory within naturally occurring forested riparian buffers (natural forest buffers) and a survey comparing buffering of concentrated flow paths (CFPs) by natural forest buffers with and without planted grass filters was conducted along first and second order streams in three northeast Missouri watersheds. Seven natural forest buffers without grass filters were inventoried and found to be composed of dense stands of mixed tree species with a forest floor cover comprised largely of unrooted woody plant debris, which does not adequately buffer concentrated runoff. Seventy-four CFPs were found in row crop fields along 10 natural forest buffers with or without grass filters established using USDA conservation practice standards. Natural forest buffers without grass filters dispersed 80 [percent] of CFPs before they reached the stream, while those with grass filters dispersed 100 [percent]. We estimated 473 metric tons of sediment moved to the buffers/filters via CFPs since last tillage. Nine of the 74 CFPs passed completely through natural forest buffers without grass filters, and accounted for 97 metric tons of the total estimated 473 metric tons. The average width of breached forest buffers without grass filters was 12.8 m, while the width of those not breached was 17.9 m. Average width of cool-season grass filters (CSGF) adjacent to forest buffers was 17.6 m, while average width of warm season grass filters (WSGF) was 22.1 m. These data, along with previous research, suggest that adding a grass filter along narrow natural forest buffers would improve water quality by reducing sediment loss to streams.K.W. Knight (1), R.C. Schultz (2), C.M. Mabry (2), T.M. Isenhart (2), and L. Long (2) ; 1. The Nature Conservancy, Skagit River Office, 410 N. 4th St., Mt. Vernon, WA 98273. 2. Dept. of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University, 339 Science II, Ames, Iowa 50011-3221.Includes bibliographical references

The Amphibians and Reptiles of Iowa\u27s Loess Hills

The amphibians and reptiles of Iowa\u27s Loess Hills were surveyed from 1969 through 1983. Results of this study were compared with collections made prior to 1969, mostly those of R. M. Bailey from 1939 through 1946. The area was found to support 21 snake, four lizard, six turtle, ten anuran, and two salamander species. Five species have declined in abundance and seven may have increased. Most of the declining forms were prairie dwellers while most of those appearing to increase were woodland species. Three species were added to the known fauna of the Loess Hills

Estimation of dominance variance in purebred Yorkshire swine

peer reviewedWe used 179,485 Yorkshire reproductive and 239,354 Yorkshire growth records to estimate additive and dominance variances by Method Fraktur R. Estimates were obtained for number born alive (NBA), 21-d litter weight (LWT), days to 104.5 kg (DAYS), and backfat at 104.5 kg (BF). The single-trait models for NBA and LWT included the fixed effects of contemporary group and regression on inbreeding percentage and the random effects mate within contemporary group, animal permanent environment, animal additive, and parental dominance. The single-trait models for DAYS and BF included the fixed effects of contemporary group, sex, and regression on inbreeding percentage and the random effects litter of birth, dam permanent environment, animal additive, and parental dominance. Final estimates were obtained from six samples for each trait. Regression coefficients for 10% inbreeding were found to be -.23 for NBA, -.52 kg for LWT, 2.1 d for DAYS, and 0 mm for BF. Estimates of additive and dominance variances expressed as a percentage of phenotypic variances were, respectively, 8.8 +/- .5 and 2.2 +/- .7 for NBA, 8.1 +/- 1.1 and 6.3 +/- .9 for LWT, 33.2 +/- .4 and 10.3 +/- 1.5 for DAYS, and 43.6 +/- .9 and 4.8 +/- .7 for BF. The ratio of dominance to additive variances ranged from .78 to .11