Alteraciones Neuropsicológicas y Emocionales en Niños Prematuros de muy Bajo Peso al Nacer

 La  prematuridad  es  uno  de  los  problemas  de  salud  más  prevalentes  en  la población infantil de los países desarrollados. Entre un 8 y un 10% de los nacimientos ocurren antes de la 37ª semana de gestación y justifican el 75 % de la mortalidad perinatal y el 50% de la discapacidad en la infancia. El principal objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar una evaluación de las posibles secuelas  neuropsicológicas  y  emocionales  a  los  7  años  de  edad  de  niños prematuros  comparándolo  con  niños  de  la  misma  edad  pero  nacidos  a término.  Instrumentos: Historias  Clínicas  y  Entrevistas.  Batería  de Evaluación Neuropsicológica Infantil (BENI). Sistema de Evaluación de la Conducta  de  niños  y  Adolescentes  (BASC).  Los  resultados  han  mostrado que los niños prematuros presentan alteraciones centradas en la memoria la  función  ejecutiva  en  la  evaluación  neuropsicológica  y  en  problemas  de conducta  y  de  atención  en  la  evaluación  psicopatológica.  Estos  resultados deberían  considerarse  para  iniciar  programas  de  intervención  en  los  dos ámbitos  descritos  que  ayuden  a  estos  niños  a  superar  las  dificultades  que manifiestan por la presencia de dichos problemas. Palabras claves: Prematuridad;  Niños;  Secuelas  neuropsicológicas  y  emocionales;  Batería Neuropsicológica (BENI).   Memory Consolidation and Neural Substrate of Reward: Prematurity is one of the most relevant health problems among children in the developed countries.  Around  8  to  10%  of  children  birth  before  the  37  week  and/or with  a  very  low  birth  weight  (VLBW)  (1500  g).  This  causes  75%  of  the prenatal  mortality  and  the  50%  of  the  children  disability.  The  aim  of  this study  was  to  assess  neuropsychological  and  emotional  impairments  in  7 year old children who were born VLBW. A clinical interview, the Children Neuropsychological  Assessment  Battery,  and  the  Behavioral  Assessment System for Children (BASC) were administrated. VLBW children showed memory  and  executive  function  deficits,  as  well  as,  behavioral  and attention  problems.  These  results  highlight  the  importance  of  long  term follow up of the VLBW children and point out the necessity of developing adequate  neuropsychological  and  emotional  treatment  program  for  these children. Key Words: Prematurity; very low birth weight children; neuropsychological and emotional consequences; Bateria de Evaluación Neuropsicologica Infantil (BENI).

New approaches to maritime visibility: a compared study of traditional mathematical methods, GIS application and experimental archaeology

Despite the ability of ancient seafarers to sail directly across open water, the visible shoreline has been always an important factor in navigation. Schüle (1968), applied arithmetic principles to study maritime visibility, but in recent times, the spatial analysis with GIS has been shown as a successful approach to study the archaeological landscape, for example «fuzzy visibility». We will apply these techniques to study the maritime visibility. Through this poster we study maritime visibility using three complementary approaches: mathematical methods, visibility analysis with GIS and visibility tested by ethnology and experimental archaeology. The study case is «Cabo de Palos» area, and it allows us to analyse different kinds of visibility using as control points archaeological sites. The dialogue between the results of these three analyses will allow us to adjust and improve the initial models and to obtain quantifiable data which will be used to interpret more precisely the maritime landscape.Depto. de Prehistoria, Historia Antigua y ArqueologíaFac. de Geografía e HistoriaFALSEpu

Memory Consolidation and Neural Substrate of Reward

Prematurity is one of the most relevant health problems among children in the developed countries. Around 8 to 10% of children birth before the 37 week and/or with a very low birth weight (VLBW) (1500 g). This causes 75% of the prenatal mortality and the 50% of the children disability. The aim of this study was to assess neuropsychological and emotional impairments in 7 year old children who were born VLBW. A clinical interview, the Children Neuropsychological Assessment Battery, and the Behavioral Assessment System for Children (BASC) were administrated. VLBW children showed memory and executive function deficits, as well as, behavioral and attention problems. These results highlight the importance of long term follow up of the VLBW children and point out the necessity of developing adequate neuropsychological and emotional treatment program for these children

Alteraciones Neuropsicológicas y Emocionales en Niños Prematuros de Muy Bajo Peso al Nacer

Memory Consolidation and Neural Substrate of Reward: Prematurity is one of the most relevant health problems among children in the developed countries. Around 8 to 10% of children birth before the 37 week and/or with a very low birth weight (VLBW) (1500 g). This causes 75% of the prenatal mortality and the 50% of the children disability. The aim of this study was to assess neuropsychological and emotional impairments in 7 year old children who were born VLBW. A clinical interview, the Children Neuropsychological Assessment Battery, and the Behavioral Assessment System for Children (BASC) were administrated. VLBW children showed memory and executive function deficits, as well as, behavioral and attention problems. These results highlight the importance of long term follow up of the VLBW children and point out the necessity of developing adequate neuropsychological and emotional treatment program for these children.La prematuridad es uno de los problemas de salud más prevalentes en la población infantil de los países desarrollados. Entre un 8 y un 10% de los nacimientos ocurren antes de la 37ª semana de gestación y justifican el 75 % de la mortalidad perinatal y el 50% de la discapacidad en la infancia. El principal objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar una evaluación de las posibles secuelas neuropsicológicas y emocionales a los 7 años de edad de niños prematuros comparándolo con niños de la misma edad pero nacidos a término. Instrumentos: Historias Clínicas y Entrevistas. Batería de Evaluación Neuropsicológica Infantil (BENI). Sistema de Evaluación de la Conducta de niños y Adolescentes (BASC). Los resultados han mostrado que los niños prematuros presentan alteraciones centradas en la memoria y la función ejecutiva en la evaluación neuropsicológica y en problemas de conducta y de atención en la evaluación psicopatológica. Estos resultados deberían considerarse para iniciar programas de intervención en los dos ámbitos descritos que ayuden a estos niños a superar las dificultades que manifiestan por la presencia de dichos problema

Safety assessment of essential oil from Minthostachys verticillata (Griseb.) Epling (peperina): 90-Days oral subchronic toxicity study in rats

Minthostachys verticillata (Lamiaceae), popularly known as peperina is largely used in popular medicine for its digestive, carminative, antispasmodic and antirheumatic properties. There are no reports of repeated exposure toxicity to guarantee their safety. The present study investigated the chemical composition, analyzed by GC-FID, and the 90-day toxicity and genotoxicity effect of M. verticillata essential oil (Mv-EO), using Wistar rats as test animals. The rats were divided into four groups (5. rats/sex/group) and Mv-EO was administered on diet at doses of 0, 1, 4 and 7. g/kg feed. The main components of Mv-EO were pulegone (64.65%) and menthone (23.92%). There was no mortality, adverse effects on general conditions or changes in body weight, food consumption and feed conversion efficiency throughout the study in male and female rats. Subchronic administration of Mv-EO did not alter the weights, morphological and histopathological analyses of liver, kidney and intestine. Genotoxicity was tested by micronucleus and comet assays. Mv-EO up to a concentration of 7 g/kg feed for 90. days did not exert a cyto-genotoxic effect on the bone marrow and cells blood of Wistar rats. These results suggest that Mv-EO appears to be safe and could be devoid of any toxic risk.Fil: Escobar, Franco Matias. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Sabini, Maria Carola. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Cariddi, Laura Noelia. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Sabini, Maria Carola. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Mañas, Fernando Javier. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Cristofolini, Andrea Lorena. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Bagnis, Guillermo. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto; ArgentinaFil: Gallucci, Mauro Nicolas. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santiago del Estero. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santiago del Estero; ArgentinaFil: Cavaglieri, Lilia Reneé. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Multicomponent intervention to prevent mobility disability in frail older adults:randomised controlled trial (SPRINTT project)

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a multicomponent intervention based on physical activity with technological support and nutritional counselling prevents mobility disability in older adults with physical frailty and sarcopenia. DESIGN: Evaluator blinded, randomised controlled trial. SETTING: 16 clinical sites across 11 European countries, January 2016 to 31 October 2019. PARTICIPANTS: 1519 community dwelling men and women aged 70 years or older with physical frailty and sarcopenia, operationalised as the co-occurrence of low functional status, defined as a short physical performance battery (SPPB) score of 3 to 9, low appendicular lean mass, and ability to independently walk 400 m. 760 participants were randomised to a multicomponent intervention and 759 received education on healthy ageing (controls). INTERVENTIONS: The multicomponent intervention comprised moderate intensity physical activity twice weekly at a centre and up to four times weekly at home. Actimetry data were used to tailor the intervention. Participants also received personalised nutritional counselling. Control participants received education on healthy ageing once a month. Interventions and follow-up lasted for up to 36 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was mobility disability (inability to independently walk 400 m in <15 minutes). Persistent mobility disability (inability to walk 400 m on two consecutive occasions) and changes from baseline to 24 and 36 months in physical performance, muscle strength, and appendicular lean mass were analysed as pre-planned secondary outcomes. Primary comparisons were conducted in participants with baseline SPPB scores of 3-7 (n=1205). Those with SPPB scores of 8 or 9 (n=314) were analysed separately for exploratory purposes. RESULTS: Mean age of the 1519 participants (1088 women) was 78.9 (standard deviation 5.8) years. The average follow-up was 26.4 (SD 9.5) months. Among participants with SPPB scores of 3-7, mobility disability occurred in 283/605 (46.8%) assigned to the multicomponent intervention and 316/600 (52.7%) controls (hazard ratio 0.78, 95% confidence interval 0.67 to 0.92; P=0.005). Persistent mobility disability occurred in 127/605 (21.0%) participants assigned to the multicomponent intervention and 150/600 (25.0%) controls (0.79, 0.62 to 1.01; P=0.06). The between group difference in SPPB score was 0.8 points (95% confidence interval 0.5 to 1.1 points; P<0.001) and 1.0 point (95% confidence interval 0.5 to 1.6 points; P<0.001) in favour of the multicomponent intervention at 24 and 36 months, respectively. The decline in handgrip strength at 24 months was smaller in women assigned to the multicomponent intervention than to control (0.9 kg, 95% confidence interval 0.1 to 1.6 kg; P=0.028). Women in the multicomponent intervention arm lost 0.24 kg and 0.49 kg less appendicular lean mass than controls at 24 months (95% confidence interval 0.10 to 0.39 kg; P<0.001) and 36 months (0.26 to 0.73 kg; P<0.001), respectively. Serious adverse events occurred in 237/605 (39.2%) participants assigned to the multicomponent intervention and 216/600 (36.0%) controls (risk ratio 1.09, 95% confidence interval 0.94 to 1.26). In participants with SPPB scores of 8 or 9, mobility disability occurred in 46/155 (29.7%) in the multicomponent intervention and 38/159 (23.9%) controls (hazard ratio 1.25, 95% confidence interval 0.79 to 1.95; P=0.34). CONCLUSIONS: A multicomponent intervention was associated with a reduction in the incidence of mobility disability in older adults with physical frailty and sarcopenia and SPPB scores of 3-7. Physical frailty and sarcopenia may be targeted to preserve mobility in vulnerable older people. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02582138

The “Sarcopenia and Physical fRailty IN older people: multi-componenTTreatment strategies” (SPRINTT) randomized controlled trial:case finding, screening and characteristics of eligible participants

Abstract Background: The ongoing “Sarcopenia and Physical fRailty IN older people: multi-componenT Treatment strategies (SPRINTT)” randomized controlled trial (RCT) is testing the efficacy of a multicomponent intervention in the prevention of mobility disability in older adults with physical frailty &amp; sarcopenia (PF&amp;S). Here, we describe the procedures followed for PF&amp;S case finding and screening of candidate participants for the SPRINTT RCT. We also illustrate the main demographic and clinical characteristics of eligible screenees. Methods: The identification of PF&amp;S was based on the co-occurrence of three defining elements: (1) reduced physical performance (defined as a score on the Short Physical Performance Battery between 3 and 9); (2) low muscle mass according to the criteria released by the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health; and (3) absence of mobility disability (defined as ability to complete the 400-m walk test in 15 min). SPRINTT was advertised through a variety of means. Site-specific case finding strategies were developed to accommodate the variability across centers in catchment area characteristics and access to the target population. A quick “participant profiling” questionnaire was devised to facilitate PF&amp;S case finding. Results: During approximately 22 months, 12,358 prescreening interviews were completed in 17 SPRINTT sites resulting in 6710 clinic screening visits. Eventually, 1566 candidates were found to be eligible for participating in the SPRINTT RCT. Eligible screenees showed substantial physical function impairment and comorbidity burden. In most centers, project advertisement through mass media was the most rewarding case finding strategy. Conclusion: PF&amp;S case finding in the community is a challenging, but feasible task. Although largely autonomous in daily life activities, older adults with PF&amp;S suffer from significant functional impairment and comorbidity. This subset of the older population is therefore at high risk for disability and other negative health-related events. Key strategies to consider for successfully intercepting at-risk older adults should focus on mass communication methods