138 research outputs found

    FACTORES PREDISPONENTES EN LAS ALTERACIONES COGNITIVAS EN EL ADULTO MAYOR: REVISION DE LITERATURA

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    Introduction: The accelerated growth of the elderly population in the world and from which Colombia does not escape, shows how some people reach this stage of life with a decrease or loss of functional capacity; disability and other physical and mental disorders. Objective: to identify the predisposing factors for the presence of cognitive alterations in the elderly. Materials and methods: literature review, Scopus and Scielo databases were consulted, primary article without year limit, in full text, with Mesh terms (Cognitive impairment and elderly), selecting 20 with qualitative and quantitative designs, in English languages and Portuguese, the researchers independently consulted the Fulltext. Ethically, the referencing of the authors of the articles was carried out while maintaining intellectual property. Results: The analysis of the articles was carried out in two moments: the first was individually and independently, the second triangulating the information in pairs, within the research group. Analysis of each category and its descriptors was carried out, relating the terms by thematic axis, represented in 2 categories that allow describing and classifying the results obtained. The categories identified were: 1) Basic diseases and their relationship with cognitive impairment. 2) Socioeconomic factors, educational level and occupation. Conclusions: The main cognitive disorders of the elderly with mild cognitive impairment were identified, taking into account that it is one of the more frequent pathologies that affect their quality of life.Introducción: El crecimiento acelerado de la población mayor en el mundo y del que no escapa Colombia, muestra como algunas personas llegan a esta etapa de la vida con disminución o pérdida de la capacidad funcional; discapacidad y otros trastornos físicos y mentales. Objetivo:  identificar los factores predisponentes para la presencia de alteraciones cognitivas del adulto mayor. Materiales y métodos:  revisión de literatura , se consultaron las bases de datos Scopus y Scielo, articulo primarios sin límite de año, en texto completo,  con  términos Mesh (Cognitive impairment and elderly), seleccionando 20 con diseños cualitativos y cuantitativos, en idiomas inglés y portugués, los investigadores  consultaron independientemente  el Fulltext.. Éticamente se realizó la referenciación de los autores de los artículos manteniendo la propiedad intelectual. Resultados:  El análisis de los artículos se realizó en dos momentos: el primero fue de manera individual e independiente, el segundo triangulando la información en parejas, dentro del grupo de investigación. Se realizó análisis de cada categoría y sus descriptores relacionando los términos por eje temático, representados en 2 categorías que permiten describir y clasificar los resultados obtenidos. Las categorías identificadas fueron:1) Enfermedades de base y su relación con el deterioro cognitivo.2) Factores socioeconómicos, nivel educativo y ocupación conclusiones: Se identificaron las principales alteraciones cognitivas del adulto mayor con deterioro cognitivo leve teniendo en cuenta que es una de las patologías más frecuentes que afecta su calidad de vida. &nbsp

    Utilización de los servicios de salud mental de Alcalá de Henares. Características.

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    El presente trabajo, describe un estudio de 589 casos, correspondientes a la demanda solicitada por primera vez, en los Servicios de Salud Mental de Alcalá de Henares de la CAM entre abril de 1987 (fecha de apertura) y septiembre de 1988: encontrando que esta demanda no corresponde a una población marginal. sino normalizada. y que asimismo son las mujeres aquejadas de T. Neuróticos. las que más acuden a estos Servicios en busca de ayuda. Analizamos descriptivamente algunas de las características de esta población. hallando unos determinados perfiles según diagnóstico

    Utilización de los servicios de salud mental de Alcalá de Henares. Características.

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    El presente trabajo, describe un estudio de 589 casos, correspondientes a la demanda solicitada por primera vez, en los Servicios de Salud Mental de Alcalá de Henares de la CAM entre abril de 1987 (fecha de apertura) y septiembre de 1988: encontrando que esta demanda no corresponde a una población marginal. sino normalizada. y que asimismo son las mujeres aquejadas de T. Neuróticos. las que más acuden a estos Servicios en busca de ayuda. Analizamos descriptivamente algunas de las características de esta población. hallando unos determinados perfiles según diagnóstico

    Utilización de los servicios de salud mental de Alcalá de Henares. Características.

    Get PDF
    El presente trabajo, describe un estudio de 589 casos, correspondientes a la demanda solicitada por primera vez, en los Servicios de Salud Mental de Alcalá de Henares de la CAM entre abril de 1987 (fecha de apertura) y septiembre de 1988: encontrando que esta demanda no corresponde a una población marginal. sino normalizada. y que asimismo son las mujeres aquejadas de T. Neuróticos. las que más acuden a estos Servicios en busca de ayuda. Analizamos descriptivamente algunas de las características de esta población. hallando unos determinados perfiles según diagnóstico

    Novel Crystalline SiO2 Nanoparticles via Annelids Bioprocessing of Agro-Industrial Wastes

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    The synthesis of nanoparticles silica oxide from rice husk, sugar cane bagasse and coffee husk, by employing vermicompost with annelids (Eisenia foetida) is reported. The product (humus) is calcinated and extracted to recover the crystalline nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) show that the biotransformation allows creating specific crystalline phases, since equivalent particles synthesized without biotransformation are bigger and with different crystalline structure

    Chitosan–Starch–Keratin composites: Improving thermo-mechanical and degradation properties through chemical modification

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    The lysozyme test shows an improved in the degradability rate, the weight loss of the films at 21 days is reduced from 73 % for chitosan-starch matrix up to 16 % for the composites with 5wt% of quill; but all films show a biodegradable character depending on keratin type and chemical modification. The outstanding properties related to the addition of treated keratin materials show that these natural composites are a remarkable alternative to potentiat-ing chitosan–starch films with sustainable featuresChitosan–starch polymers are reinforced with different keratin materials obtained from chicken feather. Keratin materials are treated with sodium hydroxide; the modified surfaces are rougher in comparison with untreated surfaces, observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy. The results obtained by Differential Scanning Calorimetry show an increase in the endothermic peak related to water evaporation of the films from 92 °C (matrix) up to 102–114 °C (reinforced composites). Glass transition temperature increases from 126 °C in the polymer matrix up to 170–200 °C for the composites. Additionally, the storage modulus in the composites is enhanced up to 1614 % for the composites with modified ground quill, 2522 % for composites with modified long fiber and 3206 % for the composites with modified short fiber. The lysozyme test shows an improved in the degradability rate, the weight loss of the films at 21 days is reduced from 73 % for chitosan-starch matrix up to 16 % for the composites with 5wt% of quill; but all films show a biodegradable character depending on keratin type and chemical modification. The outstanding properties related to the addition of treated keratin materials show that these natural composites are a remarkable alternative to potentiat-ing chitosan–starch films with sustainable featuresUniversidad Autónoma del Estado de México Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Querétaro Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Celaya Universidad Autónoma de Cd. Juáre

    Predictors of Access to Rehabilitation in the Year Following Traumatic Brain Injury : A European Prospective and Multicenter Study

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    Background Although rehabilitation is beneficial for individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI), a significant proportion of them do not receive adequate rehabilitation after acute care. Objective Therefore, the goal of this prospective and multicenter study was to investigate predictors of access to rehabilitation in the year following injury in patients with TBI. Methods Data from a large European study (CENTER-TBI), including TBIs of all severities between December 2014 and December 2017 were used (N = 4498 patients). Participants were dichotomized into those who had and those who did not have access to rehabilitation in the year following TBI. Potential predictors included sociodemographic factors, psychoactive substance use, preinjury medical history, injury-related factors, and factors related to medical care, complications, and discharge. Results In the year following traumatic injury, 31.4% of patients received rehabilitation services. Access to rehabilitation was positively and significantly predicted by female sex (odds ratio [OR] = 1.50), increased number of years of education completed (OR = 1.05), living in Northern (OR = 1.62; reference: Western Europe) or Southern Europe (OR = 1.74), lower prehospital Glasgow Coma Scale score (OR = 1.03), higher Injury Severity Score (OR = 1.01), intracranial (OR = 1.33) and extracranial (OR = 1.99) surgery, and extracranial complication (OR = 1.75). On contrast, significant negative predictors were lack of preinjury employment (OR = 0.80), living in Central and Eastern Europe (OR = 0.42), and admission to hospital ward (OR = 0.47; reference: admission to intensive care unit) or direct discharge from emergency room (OR = 0.24). Conclusions Based on these findings, there is an urgent need to implement national and international guidelines and strategies for access to rehabilitation after TBI.Peer reviewe

    Tracheal intubation in traumatic brain injury: a multicentre prospective observational study

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    Background We aimed to study the associations between pre- and in-hospital tracheal intubation and outcomes in traumatic brain injury (TBI), and whether the association varied according to injury severity. Methods Data from the international prospective pan-European cohort study, Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research for TBI (CENTER-TBI), were used (n=4509). For prehospital intubation, we excluded self-presenters. For in-hospital intubation, patients whose tracheas were intubated on-scene were excluded. The association between intubation and outcome was analysed with ordinal regression with adjustment for the International Mission for Prognosis and Analysis of Clinical Trials in TBI variables and extracranial injury. We assessed whether the effect of intubation varied by injury severity by testing the added value of an interaction term with likelihood ratio tests. Results In the prehospital analysis, 890/3736 (24%) patients had their tracheas intubated at scene. In the in-hospital analysis, 460/2930 (16%) patients had their tracheas intubated in the emergency department. There was no adjusted overall effect on functional outcome of prehospital intubation (odds ratio=1.01; 95% confidence interval, 0.79–1.28; P=0.96), and the adjusted overall effect of in-hospital intubation was not significant (odds ratio=0.86; 95% confidence interval, 0.65–1.13; P=0.28). However, prehospital intubation was associated with better functional outcome in patients with higher thorax and abdominal Abbreviated Injury Scale scores (P=0.009 and P=0.02, respectively), whereas in-hospital intubation was associated with better outcome in patients with lower Glasgow Coma Scale scores (P=0.01): in-hospital intubation was associated with better functional outcome in patients with Glasgow Coma Scale scores of 10 or lower. Conclusion The benefits and harms of tracheal intubation should be carefully evaluated in patients with TBI to optimise benefit. This study suggests that extracranial injury should influence the decision in the prehospital setting, and level of consciousness in the in-hospital setting. Clinical trial registration NCT02210221
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