The influence of service climate, identity strength, and contextual ambidexterity upon the performance of public organizations

Improving the performance of public organizations has become a major concern among researchers and managers, rendering the search for the factors that distinguish the best performers a fundamental endeavor. Despite the abundant empirical research conducted about this topic, there are still inconsistencies in how management and other organizational elements determine organizational performance, calling for more theory-oriented research. In this paper, we join this line of reasoning and suggest that service climate, organizational identity strength, and contextual ambidexterity, variables coming from very different theoretical traditions, predict the performance of public organizations, as perceived by their members. In order to test this proposition, we surveyed a sample of 618 civil servants working for two different organizations. In this survey, we included measures of the three predictors (service climate, organizational identity strength, and contextual ambidexterity) and the variable of interest (organizational performance). Using hierarchical regression analysis, we found evidence supporting a positive relationship between organizational performance and service climate, identity strength, and especially, contextual ambidexterity, with some differences between the two organizations regarding the intensity of these relationships. Besides contributing to broadening the discussion about the antecedents of public organizations’ performance, this study also supports the validity of the three theoretical perspectives. Considering the management of public organizations, our study challenges managers to play a fundamental role in orchestrating routines and work practices that allow configuration of the most relevant organizational capacities leading to better performance.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A despistagem do VIH/sida: saúde pública e motivações dos utentes do teste rápido no Nordeste de Portugal

The article examines the adherence of citizens to the quick test for HIV in the Counseling and Early Detection of HIV/AIDS Center (CAD), in the city of Bragança (Northeast Portugal). Specifically, it seeks to examine the role of a fast diagnosis in the fight against AIDS within the Portuguese public health system, to understand the circumstances underlying the demand for the service and to interpret the perceptions and practices of CAD users. In terms of methodology, it was a case study based on ethnographic inquiry, linking direct observation, informal conversations and interviews, which was associated with extensive documental and statistic research. The results obtained allow us to state that the quick test gave a very positive contribution to the fight against HIV/AIDS infection, facilitating citizen access to knowledge of their serological status almost instantly and improving their follow-up by health technicians. The so-called “dissipation of uncertainty”, following sexual risk behavior, is the main reason that leads users to perform a quick test.O artigo analisa a adesão dos cidadãos ao teste rápido de despistagem do VIH no Centro de Aconselhamento e Deteção Precoce do VIH/sida (CAD) da cidade de Bragança (Nordeste de Portugal). Em concreto, procura-se examinar o papel do diagnóstico rápido na luta contra a infeção pelo VIH/sida no quadro do sistema público de saúde português, compreender as circunstâncias subjacentes à procura do serviço e interpretar as percepções e práticas dos utentes do CAD objecto desta pesquisa. Em termos metodológicos, tratou-se de um estudo de caso assente em inquirição etnográfica, articulando observação direta, diálogos informais e entrevistas, a que se associou uma extensa pesquisa documental e estatística. Os resultados apurados permitem afirmar que o teste rápido proporcionou um contributo muito positivo para a luta contra a infeção pelo VIH/sida, facilitando o acesso dos cidadãos ao conhecimento praticamente imediato do seu estado serológico e melhorando o seguimento destes por parte dos técnicos de saúde. A chamada “dissipação da incerteza”, na sequência de uma situação de risco, é o principal motivo que leva os utentes a realizar o teste rápido

Thrombin inhibitory activity of some polyphenolic compounds

Thrombin, also known as an active plasma coagulation factor II, belongs to the family of serine proteases and plays a crucial role in blood coagulation process. The process of thrombin generation is the central event of the hemostatic process and regulates blood coagulant activity. For this reason, thrombin inhibition is key to successful novel antithrombotic pharmacotherapy. The aim of our present study was to examine the effects of the well-known polyphenolic compounds on the activity of thrombin, by characterization of its interaction with selected polyphenols using different biochemical methods and biosensor BIAcore analyses. Only six compounds, cyanidin, quercetin, silybin, cyanin, (+)-catechin and (−)-epicatechin, of all examined in this study polyphenols caused the inhibition of thrombin amidolytic activity. But only three of the six compounds (cyanidin, quercetin and silybin) changed thrombin proteolytic activity. BIAcore analyses demonstrated that cyanidin and quercetin caused a strong response in the interaction with immobilized thrombin, while cyanin and (−)-epicatechin induced a low response. Lineweaver–Burk curves show that used polyphenol aglycones act as competitive thrombin inhibitors. Our results suggest that polyphenolic compounds might be potential structural bases and source to find and project nature-based, safe, orally bioavailable direct thrombin inhibitors.This work was supported by Grant 545/485 and Grant 506/810 from the University of Lodz

Wild type and mutant amyloid precursor proteins influence downstream effects of proteasome and autophagy inhibition

Cells rely on complementary proteolytic pathways including the ubiquitin–proteasome system and autophagy to maintain proper protein degradation. There is known to be considerable interplay between them, whereby the loss of one clearance system results in compensatory changes in other proteolytic pathways of the cell. Disturbances in proteolysis are known to occur in Alzheimer's disease, and potentially contribute to neurophysiological and neurodegenerative processes. Currently, few data are available on how the presence of wild type and mutant amyloid precursor protein (APPwt and APPmut) potentially alters the reciprocal interplay between the different intracellular proteolytic pathways. This study used human SH-SY5Y neuronal cell lines, and SH-SY5Y transfected with either APPwt or APPmut (valine-to-glycine substitution at position 717), in order to explore if the presence of APPwt or APPmut altered the downstream effects of pharmacological proteasome or autophagy inhibition. The occurrence of APPwt or APPmut was observed to disturb proteasome or autophagy activities upon treatment with proteasome inhibitors or authophagy inhibitors. Interestingly, APPwt and APPmut expression was observed to significantly and robustly enhance the induction in cathepsin B following the administration of an established proteasome inhibitor. The presence of APPwt and APPmut also significantly reduced the elevation in ubiquitinated proteins following proteasome inhibitor treatments. Our data strongly suggest that APP is able to affect the downstream effects of protease inhibition in neural cells including enhancement of cathepsin B activity, with these changes in cathepsin B significantly and inversely related to the levels of ubiquitinated protein

Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 1 as a novel target of phomoxanthone a, a bioactive fungal metabolite

none8Phomoxanthone A, a bioactive xanthone dimer isolated from the endophytic fungus Phomopsis sp., is a mitochondrial toxin weakening cellular respiration and electron transport chain activity by a fast breakup of the mitochondrial assembly. Here, a multi-disciplinary strategy has been developed and applied for identifying phomoxanthone A target(s) to fully address its mechanism of action, based on drug affinity response target stability and targeted limited proteolysis. Both approaches point to the identification of carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 1 as a major phomoxanthone A target in mitochondria cell lysates, giving also detailed insights into the ligand/target interaction sites by molecular docking and assessing an interesting phomoxanthone A stimulating activity on carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 1. Thus, phomoxanthone A can be regarded as an inspiring molecule for the development of new leads in counteracting hyperammonemia states.noneCeccacci S.; Deitersen J.; Mozzicafreddo M.; Morretta E.; Proksch P.; Wesselborg S.; Stork B.; Monti M.C.Ceccacci, S.; Deitersen, J.; Mozzicafreddo, M.; Morretta, E.; Proksch, P.; Wesselborg, S.; Stork, B.; Monti, M. C

Transcriptomic responses to silver nanoparticles in the freshwater unicellular eukaryote Tetrahymena thermophila

none11Currently, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are being increasingly used as biocides in various consumer products and if released in the environment they can affect non-target organisms. Therefore, understanding the toxicity mechanism is crucial for both the design of more efficient nano-antimicrobials and for the design of nanomaterials that are biologically and environmentally benign throughout their life-cycle. Here, the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila was used to elucidate the mechanisms of action of AgNPs by analysing the gene expression profile by RNA-seq and the transcriptomic effects of AgNPs were compared to those induced by soluble silver salt, AgNO3. Exposure to AgNPs at sublethal concentrations for 24 h induced phagocytosis, transport pathways, response to oxidative stress, glutathione peroxidase activity, response to stimulus, oxidation-reduction, proteolysis, and nitrogen metabolism process. Based on gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), some biological processes appeared targets of both toxicants. In addition to many similarities in affected genes, some effects were triggered only by NPs, like phagocytosis, glutathione peroxidase activity, response to stimulus, protein phosphorylation and nitrogen metabolism process. This research provides evidence that AgNPs compared to AgNO3 at the same concentration of dissolved silver ions dysregulate a higher number of cellular pathways. These findings confirm that AgNPs can induce toxicity not only due to soluble silver ions released from the particles but also to particle intrinsic features.nonePiersanti A.; Juganson K.; Mozzicafreddo M.; Wei W.; Zhang J.; Zhao K.; Ballarini P.; Mortimer M.; Pucciarelli S.; Miao W.; Miceli C.Piersanti, A.; Juganson, K.; Mozzicafreddo, M.; Wei, W.; Zhang, J.; Zhao, K.; Ballarini, P.; Mortimer, M.; Pucciarelli, S.; Miao, W.; Miceli, C

Horizontal gene transfer and silver nanoparticles production in a new Marinomonas strain isolated from the Antarctic psychrophilic ciliate Euplotes focardii

none12We isolated a novel bacterial strain from a prokaryotic consortium associated to the psychrophilic marine ciliate Euplotes focardii, endemic of the Antarctic coastal seawater. The 16S rDNA sequencing and the phylogenetic analysis revealed the close evolutionary relationship to the Antarctic marine bacterium Marinomonas sp. BSw10506 and the sub antarctic Marinomonas polaris. We named this new strain Marinomonas sp. ef1. The optimal growth temperature in LB medium was 22 °C. Whole genome sequencing and analysis showed a reduced gene loss limited to regions encoding for transposases. Additionally, five genomic islands, e.g. DNA fragments that facilitate horizontal gene transfer phenomena, were identified. Two open reading frames predicted from the genomic islands coded for enzymes belonging to the Nitro-FMN-reductase superfamily. One of these, the putative NAD(P)H nitroreductase YfkO, has been reported to be involved in the bioreduction of silver (Ag) ions and the production of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). After the Marinomonas sp. ef1 biomass incubation with 1 mM of AgNO3 at 22 °C, we obtained AgNPs within 24 h. The AgNPs were relatively small in size (50 nm) and had a strong antimicrobial activity against twelve common nosocomial pathogenic microorganisms including Staphylococcus aureus and two Candida strains. To our knowledge, this is the first report of AgNPs biosynthesis by a Marinomonas strain. This biosynthesis may play a dual role in detoxification from silver nitrate and protection from pathogens for the bacterium and potentially for the associated ciliate. Biosynthetic AgNPs also represent a promising alternative to conventional antibiotics against common pathogens.noneJohn M.S.; Nagoth J.A.; Ramasamy K.P.; Ballarini P.; Mozzicafreddo M.; Mancini A.; Telatin A.; Lio P.; Giuli G.; Natalello A.; Miceli C.; Pucciarelli S.John, M. S.; Nagoth, J. A.; Ramasamy, K. P.; Ballarini, P.; Mozzicafreddo, M.; Mancini, A.; Telatin, A.; Lio, P.; Giuli, G.; Natalello, A.; Miceli, C.; Pucciarelli, S

Horizontal gene transfer and silver nanoparticles production in a new Marinomonas strain isolated from the Antarctic psychrophilic ciliate Euplotes focardii

We isolated a novel bacterial strain from a prokaryotic consortium associated to the psychrophilic marine ciliate Euplotes focardii, endemic of the Antarctic coastal seawater. The 16S rDNA sequencing and the phylogenetic analysis revealed the close evolutionary relationship to the Antarctic marine bacterium Marinomonas sp. BSw10506 and the sub antarctic Marinomonas polaris. We named this new strain Marinomonas sp. ef1. The optimal growth temperature in LB medium was 22 °C. Whole genome sequencing and analysis showed a reduced gene loss limited to regions encoding for transposases. Additionally, five genomic islands, e.g. DNA fragments that facilitate horizontal gene transfer phenomena, were identified. Two open reading frames predicted from the genomic islands coded for enzymes belonging to the Nitro-FMN-reductase superfamily. One of these, the putative NAD(P)H nitroreductase YfkO, has been reported to be involved in the bioreduction of silver (Ag) ions and the production of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). After the Marinomonas sp. ef1 biomass incubation with 1 mM of AgNO3 at 22 °C, we obtained AgNPs within 24 h. The AgNPs were relatively small in size (50 nm) and had a strong antimicrobial activity against twelve common nosocomial pathogenic microorganisms including Staphylococcus aureus and two Candida strains. To our knowledge, this is the first report of AgNPs biosynthesis by a Marinomonas strain. This biosynthesis may play a dual role in detoxification from silver nitrate and protection from pathogens for the bacterium and potentially for the associated ciliate. Biosynthetic AgNPs also represent a promising alternative to conventional antibiotics against common pathogens

Qualidade e satisfação na administração local: avaliação da satisfação dos munícipes da Amave NUTIII/AVE

Atualmente os cidadãos exigem e esperam mais e melhores serviços prestados pelo setor público, daí que a resposta deva ser rápida e eficiente, de modo a agilizar processos, facilitar seu acesso e proporcionar elevados padrões de qualidade. O presente estudo se centra na seguinte questão: Será que existem diferenças significativas ao nível dos antecedentes (imagem, expectativas, valor apercebido e, com destaque particular, a qualidade apercebida,) e consequentes da satisfação (lealdade e reclamações) dos munícipes? Para o efeito, concebemos uma estrutura de investigação alicerçada no modelo e nas variáveis latentes do ECSI, à qual adicionamos itens dos modelos SERVQUAL, CMT e CAF. O método utilizado foi uma pesquisa quantitativa, de caráter descritivo, sendo alvo de estudo os munícipes que utilizam os serviços prestados pelas câmaras municipais que integram a circunscrição geográfica da Associação de Municípios do Vale do Ave, NUTIII/Ave (Vieira do Minho, Póvoa de Lanhoso, Fafe, Guimarães, Vizela, Vila Nova de Famalicão, Cabeceiras de Basto e Mondim de Basto). Os resultados evidenciam que todos estes fatores têm um efeito positivo e significativo na satisfação global do munícipe e que há diferenças significativas entre as oito câmaras municipais