Neoliberalismo, crisis económica y sujeto

La actual crisis económica, iniciada en el año 2008, se ha producido a partir de los excesos del sistema neoliberal, última versión del capitalismo. Esta se basa en la desregulación, la privatización y el desmantelamiento del estado del bienestar, nacido después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. La afirmación friedmaniana según la cual el libre mercado es un sistema científico perfecto en el cual particulares que actúan en su propio interés crean, para todos, la mayor cantidad de ventajas posibles, es una falacia cuyos efectos padecen millones de personas. Una vez desencadenada la crisis, sus consecuencias han incidido muy desfavorablemente sobre la salud y la salud mental de las personas. En este artículo se analizan algunos de estos efectos y se apela a la responsabilidad colectiva

Structural transitions in vertically and horizontally coupled parabolic channels of Wigner crystals

Structural phase transitions in two vertically or horizontally coupled channels of strongly interacting particles are investigated. The particles are free to move in the $x$-direction but are confined by a parabolic potential in the $y$-direction. They interact with each other through a screened power-law potential ($r^{-n}e^{-r/\lambda}$). In vertically coupled systems the channels are stacked above each other in the direction perpendicular to the $(x,y)$-plane, while in horizontally coupled systems both channels are aligned in the confinement direction. Using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations we obtain the ground state configurations and the structural transitions as a function of the linear particle density and the separation between the channels. At zero temperature the vertically coupled system exhibits a rich phase diagram with continuous and discontinuous transitions. On the other hand the vertically coupled system exhibits only a very limited number of phase transitions due to its symmetry. Further we calculated the normal modes for the Wigner crystals in both cases. From MC simulations we found that in the case of vertically coupled systems the zigzag transition is only possible for low densities. A Ginzburg-Landau theory for the zigzag transition is presented, which predicts correctly the behavior of this transition from which we interpret the structural phase transition of the Wigner crystal through the reduction of the Brillouin zone.Comment: 9 pages, 13 figure

The teacher of physical education in primary textbooks

El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar cómo se representa a la maestra de educación física en los libros de texto de esta área, en la etapa de Educación Primaria. Se realiza un estudio cuantitativo que muestra un número elevado de maestras con respecto al maestro de educación física, principalmente en el primer ciclo de Primaria y otro cualitativo, a través del análisis de contenido, identificando un tratamiento estereotipado en cuanto a las características físicas de la docente, al representar a una maestra eminentemente joven, de raza blanca, delgada, con ropa deportiva y sin discapacidad. Pero a la vez, aparece un tratamiento más abierto y participativo en cuanto al rol representado, ya que la maestra de educación física aparece en la zona periférica de la imagen, con actitud activa, en un espacio no necesariamente deportivo, sin complementos docentes, que imparte contenidos relacionados con la gestión del grupo-clase y los juegosThe objective of the present study is to analyse how the physical education teacher is represented in the textbooks of this area, in the Primary Education stage. A quantitative study is carried out showing a high number of teachers with respect to the physical education teacher, mainly in the first cycle of Primary Education and a qualitative one, through content analysis, identifying a stereotyped treatment of the physical characteristics of the teacher, by representing a teacher eminently young, white, thin, wearing sports clothes and without disabilities. But at the same time, a more open and participative treatment appears in relation to the role represented, since the physical education teacher appears in the peripheral area of the image, with an active attitude, in a space not necessarily sports, without teaching complements, that Imparts content related to group-class management and game

Georges Canguilhem on sex determination and the normativity of life

Our goal in this paper is to reassess the relationship between norms and life by drawing on the philosophy of Georges Canguilhem, particularly some of his unpublished lectures about teratology and sexual determination. First, we discuss the difficulties Canguilhem identified in the introduction of life and sexuality as objects of philosophical reflection. Second, we reassess Canguilhem’s understanding of normativity as rooted in life and the axiological activity of the living. Third, we analyze how Canguilhem drew from past and contemporary teratology to conceive of the notions of anomaly and abnormality. Finally, we reconstruct Canguilhem’s analysis of a case of hermaphroditism, highlighting how he presented it as evidence that sexual determination is the result of a normative choice. One of the key contributions of the paper to scholarly literature on Canguilhem is a better understanding of his notion of choice, which was considered not the conscious and intentional act of a subject but rather an axiological activity of the living. We conclude by positioning Canguilhem’s concept of normativity and his belief that norms are produced by the living in relation to the naturalist/normativist divide in medicine

El papel de los padres y los amigos en el consumo temprano de alcohol

Introducción: El consumo de alcohol en la adolescencia es atribuible a la influencia de variables de tipo social, sobre todo del grupo de iguales y del ámbito familiar. Es-pecíficamente, el consumo de los amigos resulta ser la variable más importante en las primeras etapas del consumo de alcohol. No obstante, el uso que hacen los padres de esta sustancia y el empleo de estilos permisivos e inconsistentes en la educación de sus hijos, parecen favorecer también el inicio temprano al consumo de alcohol. Por tanto, el objetivo del presente trabajo es estudiar la influencia de los estilos educativos y el consumo de alcohol paterno, así como del consumo de los amigos, en las prime-ras etapas del uso de alcohol durante la adolescencia. método: 330 adolescentes jó-venes (M = 13,05; 57,27 % chicas) completaron diferentes cuestionarios que evaluaban los estilos educativos parentales percibidos (eMbu y aPq), así como su consumo de al-cohol, el de sus amigos y el de sus padres (aiS-uJi). resultados: El modelo de ecuación estructural propuesto mostró como el consumo de los iguales se asociaba directamen-te y de forma muy importante al consumo de alcohol de los jóvenes. Además, existía una relación indirecta entre consumo de los padres y de los amigos, que vendría mediada por los estilos educativos permisivos. conclusiones: El presente estudio revela que los padres más consumidores tienden a mostrar estilos educativos más permisivos e inconsistentes, lo que favorecería la afiliación con amigos más bebedores y un consu-mo de alcohol más temprano. Estos resultados resultan de especial importancia para el desarrollo de estrategias de prevención más personalizadas y eficaces en el consu-mo de sustancias de jóvenes adolescentes.Introduction: Alcohol consumption in adolescence is influenced by social variables, such as peer group and family. Thus, friends’ alcohol use is the most important factor in the early stages of alcohol consumption. Moreover, parents’ drinking behaviour and permissive and inconsistent rearing style also seem to encourage the early onset of alcohol consumption.The aim of this research work was to study the influence of parenting style, and parents’ and friends’ alcohol use, on adolescent drinking behav-iour, that is to say in the early stages of alcohol use. method: 330 young adolescents (Mage = 13.05 years; 57.27 % females) completed two perceived parenting style ques-tionnaires (eMbu and aPq), and a scale assessing own, friends’ and parents’ alcohol use (aiS-uJi). results: The proposed structural equation model showed that peers’ con-sumption was associated directly and very significantly with adolescents’ alcohol use. In addition, there was an indirect relationship between parents’ and friends’ consump-tion, which was mediated by permissive parenting style. conclusions: The present study reveals that those parents that consume more alcohol tend to use permissive and inconsistent parenting style, favouring their offspring’s affiliation with drinking friends and an early onset of alcohol use. These results are particularly important for develop-ing more personalised and successful prevention programmes for alcohol misuse in young adolescents

Adaptación española de la escala dsm-oriented del Youth Self-Report (ysr) en población general

Introducción: En torno al 20 % de la población española ha desarrollado algún tras- torno mental en su vida. Para ayudar a los profesionales de la salud mental a identifi- car un posible cuadro clínico o subclínico, el Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (aseba) ha realizado una adaptación de sus instrumentos dirigidos a po- blación infantojuvenil. El resultado de esta adaptación son las escalas dsm-oriented. Específicamente, las escalas dsm-oriented del Youth Self-Report (ysr) recogen las principales categorías diagnósticas del dsm-iv: problemas afectivos, problemas de ansiedad, problemas somáticos, problemas de inatención e hiperactividad, problemas oposicionista-desafiante y problemas conductuales (Achenbach, Dumenci y Rescorla, 2001, 2003). El objetivo principal del presente estudio es la adaptación y validación de la escala orientada al dsm en nuestro contexto sociocultural a partir de la versión es- pañola para adolescentes de Achenbach (ysr). Método: Para ello, administramos el autoinforme ysr (Achenbach y Rescorla, 2001; Lemos, Vallejo y Sandoval, 2002) a 396 estudiantes de 4.o de la eso (58,93 % chicas), cuya media de edad fue de 15,28 años. Resultados: El análisis factorial exploratorio mostró una estructura de 6 facto- res, cuya fiabilidad en las diferentes escalas resultaron adecuadas, con un rango entre α = ,54 y α = ,80. Conclusión: El presente estudio ha confirmado cómo en nuestro contexto sociocultural, y a partir de una selección adecuada de ítems de la versión española del ysr, es posible evaluar de forma relativamente rápida, fiable y válida diferentes síntomas de los trastornos del dsm.Introduction: Around 20% of the Spanish population has developed a mental disor- der in their lifetime. The Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (aseba) has adapted its instruments to children and youths to help mental health profession- als identify clinical or subclinical symptoms. The results of this adaptation are the dsm-Oriented Scales. Specifically, the dsm-Oriented Youth Self-Report (ysr) scales include the main diagnostic categories of dsm-iv: emotional problems, anxiety disor- ders, somatic problems, inattention-hyperactivity disorder, oppositional-defiant problems and disruptive behaviour (Achenbach, Dumenci & Rescorla, 2001, 2003, 2001, 2003). This research work aimed to adapt and validate the ysr dsm-Oriented scale in our social context. Method: We administered the ysr (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2001; Lemos, Vallejo, & Sandoval, 2002) to a sample of 396 high school students (58.93% females), whose average age was 15.28 years. Results: The factor analysis showed a 6-factor structure whose reliability on different scales proved suitable, ranging from α =0.54 to α = 0.80. Conclusion: In our social context and from properly selecting items in the Spanish version of the dsm-Oriented ysr, this study confirmed that it is possible to evaluate different relatively fast reliable and valid symptoms of dsm disor- ders

Geometric Algebras and Extensors

This is the first paper in a series (of four) designed to show how to use geometric algebras of multivectors and extensors to a novel presentation of some topics of differential geometry which are important for a deeper understanding of geometrical theories of the gravitational field. In this first paper we introduce the key algebraic tools for the development of our program, namely the euclidean geometrical algebra of multivectors Cl(V,G_{E}) and the theory of its deformations leading to metric geometric algebras Cl(V,G) and some special types of extensors. Those tools permit obtaining, the remarkable golden formula relating calculations in Cl(V,G) with easier ones in Cl(V,G_{E}) (e.g., a noticeable relation between the Hodge star operators associated to G and G_{E}). Several useful examples are worked in details fo the purpose of transmitting the "tricks of the trade".Comment: This paper (to appear in Int. J. Geom. Meth. Mod. Phys. 4 (6) 2007) is an improved version of material appearing in math.DG/0501556, math.DG/0501557, math.DG/050155