Religion in Contemplative Studies

This project is about the new field of contemplative studies, a field that seeks to use “contemplative” practices, derived mostly (though not entirely) from religious traditions in academic settings, prominently including college pedagogy. First, this project seeks to understand how contemplative studies advocates persuade others (and themselves) that what they are doing is not “religion;” that is, how do they define religion in order to situate their own work as non-religious academic inquiry? Second, in the course of my textual and ethnographic research on contemplative studies, it has become apparent that this field adds to the growing rebuttal of religious studies critiques of mind-centered “spiritualities.” In contrast to analyses of “spirituality” as a consumerist conceit, such as Carrette and King’s Selling Spirituality: The Silent Takeover of Religion (2004), many contemplative studies advocates are working to orient the field toward the use of contemplative practices to promote critical thinking, empathy, and activism. In this project, I analyze contemplative studies texts, my experiences at contemplative studies events, and my interviews with advocates to describe these two trends and try to put them in historical context

'How shall we survive': a qualitative study of women's experiences following denial of menstrual regulation (MR) services in Bangladesh.

BackgroundAbout one quarter of women in Bangladesh are denied menstrual regulation (MR) due to advanced gestation [J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care 41(3):161-163, 2015, Issues Brief (Alan Guttmacher Inst) (3):1-8, 2012]. Little is known about barriers to MR services, and whether women denied MR seek abortion elsewhere, self-induce, or continue the pregnancy.MethodsAfter obtaining authorization from four health facilities in Bangladesh, we recruited eligible and interested women in to the study and requested informed consent for study participation. We conducted in-depth interviews with 20 women denied MR from four facilities in four districts in Bangladesh. Interviews were translated and transcribed, and the transcripts were analyzed by two researchers through an iterative process using a qualitative content analysis approach.ResultsOf those interviewed, 12 women sought abortion elsewhere and eight of these women were successful; four women who sought subsequent services were denied again. Two of the eight women who subsequently terminated their pregnancies suffered from complications. None of the participants were aware of the legal gestational limit for government-approved MR services. Given that all participants were initially denied services because they were beyond the legal gestational limit for MR and there were no reported risks to any of the mothers' health, we presume that the eight terminations performed subsequently were done illegally.ConclusionsBarriers to seeking safe MR services need to be addressed to reduce utilization of potentially unsafe alternative abortion services and to improve women's health and well being in Bangladesh. Findings from this study indicate a need to raise awareness about legal MR services; provide information to women on where, how and when they can access these services; train more MR providers; improve the quality and safety of second trimester services; and strengthen campaigns to educate women about contraception and pregnancy risk throughout the reproductive lifespan to prevent unintended pregnancies

Investigations of Air-cooled Turbine Rotors for Turbojet Engines II : Mechanical Design, Stress Analysis, and Burst Test of Modified J33 Split-disk Rotor / Richard H. Kemp and Merland L. Moseson

A full-scale J33 air-cooled split turbine rotor was designed and spin-pit tested to destruction. Stress analysis and spin-pit results indicated that the rotor in a J33 turbojet engine, however, showed that the rear disk of the rotor operated at temperatures substantially higher than the forward disk. An extension of the stress analysis to include the temperature difference between the two disks indicated that engine modifications are required to permit operation of the two disks at more nearly the same temperature level

Spherical nanoindentation: insights and improvements, including stress-strain curves and effective zero point determination

Instrumented nanoindentation is a valuable method for mechanical characterization. Typically, sharp tips are used to indent surfaces and wellestablished techniques used to determine the hardness and moduli values of a wide range of materials. Spherical indentation tips, though less common, offer the distinct advantage of providing useful insight into the elasto-plastic transition region. In this thesis the results of continuous stiffness measurements with spherical indenters - with radii of 1 μm and/or 13.5 μm - and Hertzian theory are used to convert indentation load/depth curves to their corresponding stress-strain curves. We applied the technique to a wide range of materials, including fused silica, aluminum, iron and single crystals of sapphire and ZnO. In all cases, the stress-strain curves clearly showed the elastic, plastic, and elastoplastic regions. The modulus and hardness obtained by our method show, for the most part, a strong correlation with bulk and Vickers values obtained on the same surface, respectively. When both the 1 μm and 13.5 μm indenters were used on the same material, for the most part, the indentation stress‐strain curves traced one trajectory. Furthermore, accurate determination of the “zero point”, first contact between an indenter tip and sample surface, has to date remained elusive. Herein a relatively simple, objective procedure by which that zero point can be determined accurately and reproducibly using a nanoindenter equipped with CSM option and a spherical tip is described. The method relies on applying a data shift, which insures that stiffness versus contact radius curves are linear and go through the origin. The method was applied to fused silica, sapphire single crystals and polycrystalline iron with various indenter sizes, to a zero point resolution of 2 nm. Errors of even a few nm can drastically alter plots and calculations which use the data, including stress vs. strain curves. The method is the first to use a parameter inherently not affected by zero point to correct the displacement and all subsequent uses thereof, which is highly sensitive to zero point. The applications of this method range from increased accuracy for all tests including stress vs. strain, to sample leveling, to individual grain characterization, and beyond. Finally, I herein present our most recent work, including further insights into the characterization of individual grains.M.S., Materials Science and Engineering -- Drexel University, 200

Women’s experiences of self-administration of misoprostol at home as part of early medical abortion:A qualitative evaluation

International audienceBackground Between 2017 and 2019, legislation was introduced in the UK that approved the home as a place for self-administration of misoprostol for early medical abortion. While research has shown that early medical abortion at home is as safe as in a clinical setting, women’s experiences in the UK in the light of this change have not yet been investigated. This qualitative research explored the experiences of women in one region of Scotland, UK who accessed early medical abortion with home self-administration of misoprostol. Methods Qualitative interviews were conducted with 20 women who had recently undergone early medical abortion (≤69 days' gestation) with home self-administration of misoprostol. The data were analysed thematically using an approach informed by the Framework analytic approach. Results Women appreciated the flexibility that home administration of misoprostol offered, including the opportunity to control the timing of the abortion. This was particularly important for women who sought not to disclose the abortion to others. Most women valued being in the comfort and privacy of the home when preparing for self-administration, although a small number highlighted some concerns about being at home. Most women reported that self-administration of misoprostol was straightforward; however, some expressed concerns around assessing whether their experiences were ‘normal’. Conclusions Women welcomed the opportunity for home self-administration of misoprostol. To further improve women’s early medical abortion experience we suggest that the legislation be amended so that women can self-administer in an appropriate non-clinical setting, not just their home

Efficient grasping from RGBD images: Learning using a new rectangle representation

Abstract — Given an image and an aligned depth map of an object, our goal is to estimate the full 7-dimensional gripper configuration—its 3D location, 3D orientation and the gripper opening width. Recently, learning algorithms have been successfully applied to grasp novel objects—ones not seen by the robot before. While these approaches use low-dimensional representations such as a ‘grasping point ’ or a ‘pair of points’ that are perhaps easier to learn, they only partly represent the gripper configuration and hence are sub-optimal. We propose to learn a new ‘grasping rectangle ’ represen-tation: an oriented rectangle in the image plane. It takes into account the location, the orientation as well as the gripper opening width. However, inference with such a representation is computationally expensive. In this work, we present a two step process in which the first step prunes the search space efficiently using certain features that are fast to compute. For the remaining few cases, the second step uses advanced features to accurately select a good grasp. In our extensive experiments, we show that our robot successfully uses our algorithm to pick up a variety of novel objects. I

On the determination of spherical nanoindentation stress-strain curves

Journal Of Materials Research, 21(10), 2628-2637. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/JMR.2006.0324Instrumented nanoindentation experiments, especially with sharp tips, are a well-established technique to measure the hardness and moduli values of a wide range of materials. However, and despite the fact that they can accurately delineate the onset of the elasto-plastic transition of solids, spherical nanoindentation experiments are less common. In this article we propose a technique in which we combine (i) the results of continuous stiffness measurements with spherical indenters – with radii of 1 m and/or 13.5 m, (ii) Hertzian theory, and (iii) Berkovich nanoindentations, to convert load/depth of indentation curves to their corresponding indentation stress–strain curves. We applied the technique to fused silica, aluminum, iron and single crystals of sapphire and ZnO. In all cases, the resulting indentation stress–strain curves obtained clearly showed the details of the elastic-to-plastic transition (i.e., the onset of yield, and, as important, the steady state hardness values that were comparable with the Vickers microhardness values obtained on the same surfaces). Furthermore, when both the 1 m and 13.5 m indenters were used on the same material, for the most part, the indentation stress–strain curves traced one trajectory. The method is versatile and can be used over a large range of moduli and hardness values

From \u27Shark-Week\u27 to \u27Mangina\u27: An Analysis of Words Used by People of Marginalized Sexual Orientations and/or Gender Identities to Replace Common Sexual and Reproductive Health Terms

Purpose: To explore sexual and reproductive health (SRH)-related word-use among sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals in the United States. Methods: In 2019, we fielded an online quantitative survey on the SRH experiences of SGM adults. Eligible participants included transgender, nonbinary, and gender-expansive (TGE) people assigned female or intersex at birth, and cisgender sexual minority women (CSMW) in the United States. The survey asked participants to indicate if they used each of nine SRH terms, and if not, to provide the word(s) they used. We analyzed patterns in replacement words provided by respondents and tested for differences by gender category with tests of proportions. Results: Among 1704 TGE and 1370 CSMW respondents, 613 (36%) TGE respondents and 92 (7%) CSMW respondents replaced at least 1 SRH term (p-for-difference \u3c0.001). Many (23%) replacement words/phrases were entirely unique. For six out of the nine terms, TGE respondents indicated that use of the provided term would depend on the context, the term did not apply to them, or they did not have a replacement word/phrase that worked for them. Conclusions: SRH terms commonly used in clinical and research settings cause discomfort and dysphoria among some SGM individuals. To address inequities in access to and quality of SRH care among SGM individuals, and to overcome long standing fear of mistreatment in clinical settings, more intentional word-use and elicitation from providers and researchers could increase the quality and affirming nature of clinical and research experiences for SGM people