2,788 research outputs found
Higher order effects in the and transfer reactions
Full Coupled Channels Calculations were performed for the
and transfer reactions at several deuteron incident
energies from MeV up to 3.27 MeV. A strong polarization effect
between the entrance channel and the transfer channels
and was
observed. This polarization effect had to be taken into account in order to
obtain realistic spectroscopic factors from these reactions.Comment: 15 papes, 13 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
Analysis and design in providing a robotised cleaning and validation system for hospital environment
Toward a complete theory for predicting inclusive deuteron breakup away from stability
We present an account of the current status of the theoretical treatment of
inclusive reactions in the breakup-fusion formalism, pointing to some
applications and making the connection with current experimental capabilities.
Three independent implementations of the reaction formalism have been recently
developed, making use of different numerical strategies. The codes also
originally relied on two different but equivalent representations, namely the
prior (Udagawa-Tamura, UT) and the post (Ichimura-Austern-Vincent, IAV)
representations.
The different implementations have been benchmarked, and then applied to the
Ca isotopic chain. The neutron-Ca propagator is described in the Dispersive
Optical Model (DOM) framework, and the interplay between elastic breakup (EB)
and non-elastic breakup (NEB) is studied for three Ca isotopes at two different
bombarding energies. The accuracy of the description of different reaction
observables is assessed by comparing with experimental data of on
Ca. We discuss the predictions of the model for the extreme case of
an isotope (Ca) currently unavailable experimentally, though possibly
available in future facilities (nominally within production reach at FRIB). We
explore the use of reactions as surrogates for processes,
by using the formalism to describe the compound nucleus formation in a
reaction as a function of excitation energy, spin, and parity.
The subsequent decay is then computed within a Hauser-Feshbach formalism.
Comparisons between the and induced gamma decay
spectra are discussed to inform efforts to infer neutron captures from
reactions. Finally, we identify areas of opportunity for future
developments, and discuss a possible path toward a predictive reaction theory
Short communication: Reference values for blood parameters in Holstein dairy cows: Effects of parity, stage of lactation, and season of production
n/
Dynamic renormalization group study of a generalized continuum model of crystalline surfaces
We apply the Nozieres-Gallet dynamic renormalization group (RG) scheme to a
continuum equilibrium model of a d-dimensional surface relaxing by linear
surface tension and linear surface diffusion, and which is subject to a lattice
potential favoring discrete values of the height variable. The model thus
interpolates between the overdamped sine-Gordon model and a related continuum
model of crystalline tensionless surfaces. The RG flow predicts the existence
of an equilibrium roughening transition only for d = 2 dimensional surfaces,
between a flat low-temperature phase and a rough high-temperature phase in the
Edwards-Wilkinson (EW) universality class. The surface is always in the flat
phase for any other substrate dimensions d > 2. For any value of d, the linear
surface diffusion mechanism is an irrelevant perturbation of the linear surface
tension mechanism, but may induce long crossovers within which the scaling
properties of the linear molecular-beam epitaxy equation are observed, thus
increasing the value of the sine-Gordon roughening temperature. This phenomenon
originates in the non-linear lattice potential, and is seen to occur even in
the absence of a bare surface tension term. An important consequence of this is
that a crystalline tensionless surface is asymptotically described at high
temperatures by the EW universality class.Comment: 22 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in Physical Review
Time intervals to assess active and capable faults for engineering practices in Italy
The time span necessary to define a fault as ‘active and capable’ can mainly be derived from the framework of
the regulations and the literature produced since the 1970s on risk estimation in engineering planning of
strategic buildings. Within this framework, two different lines of thought can be determined, which have
mainly developed in the USA. On the one side, there is a tendency to produce ‘narrow’ chronological
definitions. This is particularly evident in the regulatory acts for the planning of nuclear reactors. The much
more effective second line of thought anchors the chronological definitions of the terms ‘active’ and,
therefore ‘capable’, to the concept of ‘seismotectonic domain’. As the domains are different in different
regions of the World, the chronological definition cannot be univocal; i.e., different criteria are needed to
define fault activity, which will depend on the characteristics of the local tectonic domain and of the related
recurrence times of fault activation. Current research on active tectonics indicates that methodological
aspects can also condition the chronological choice to define fault activity. Indeed, this practice implies the
use of earth science methods, the applications of which can be inherently limited. For example, limits and
constraints might be related to the availability of datable sediments and landforms that can be used to define
the recent fault kinematic history. For the Italian territory, we consider two main tectonic domains: (a) the
compressive domain along the southern margin of the Alpine chain and the northern and northeastern
margins of the Apennines, which is characterised by the activity of blind thrusts and reverse faults; and (b)
the extensional domain of the Apennines and the Calabria region, which is often manifest through the activity
of seismogenic normal and normal-oblique faults. In case (a), the general geomorphic and subsurficial
evidence of recent activity suggests that a reverse blind fault or a blind thrust should be considered active and
potentially capable if showing evidence of activity during the Quaternary (i.e., over the last 2.6 Myr), unless
information is available that documents its inactivity since at least the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) (ca. 20 ka).
The choice of the LGM period as the minimum age necessary to define fault inactivity is related to practical
aspects (the diffusion of the LGM deposits and landforms) and to the evidence that ca. 20 kyr to assess fault
inactivity precautionarily includes a number of seismic cycles. In the extensional domains of the Apennines
and Calabria region, the general geological setting suggests that the present tectonic regime has been active
since the beginning of the Middle Pleistocene. Therefore, we propose that a normal fault in the Italian
extensional domain should be considered active and capable if it displays evidence of activation in the last 0.8 Myr,
unless it is sealed by deposits or landforms not younger than the LGM. The choice of the LGM as the minimum
age to ascertain fault inactivity follows the same criteria described for the compressive tectonic domain
The Paganica Fault and surface coseismic ruptures caused by the 6 april 2009 earthquake (L’Aquila, central Italy)
On 6 April 2009, at 01:32 GMT, an Mw 6.3 seismic event hit the
central Apennines, severely damaging the town of L’Aquila and
dozens of neighboring villages and resulting in approximately
300 casualties (Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia,
http://www.ingv.it; MedNet, http://mednet.rm.ingv.it/proce-
dure/events/QRCMT/090406_013322/qrcmt.html). This earth-
quake was the strongest in central Italy since the devastating
1915 Fucino event (Mw 7.0). The INGV national seismic net-
work located the hypocenter 5 km southwest of L’Aquila, 8–9
km deep. Based on this information and on the seismotectonic
framework of the region, earthquake geologists traveled to the
field to identify possible surface faulting (Emergeo Working
Group 2009a, 2009b). The most convincing evidence of pri-
mary surface rupture is along the Paganica fault, the geometry
of which is consistent with seismological, synthetic aperture
radar (SAR) and GPS data. Investigation of other known nor-
mal faults of the area, i.e., the Mt. Pettino, Mt. San Franco,
and Mt. Stabiata normal faults suggested that these structures
were not activated during the April 6 shock (Emergeo Working
Group 2009a, 2009b).
In this report, we first describe the seismotectonic frame-
work of the area, and then we present the field information that supports the occurrence of surficial displacement on the Paganica fault.Published940-9503.2. Tettonica attivaJCR Journalope
The Distance to SN 1999em from the Expanding Photosphere Method
We present optical and IR spectroscopy of the first two months of evolution
of the Type II SN 1999em. We combine these data with high-quality optical/IR
photometry beginning only three days after shock breakout, in order to study
the performance of the ``Expanding Photosphere Method'' (EPM) in the
determination of distances. With this purpose we develop a technique to measure
accurate photospheric velocities by cross-correlating observed and model
spectra. The application of this technique to SN 1999em shows that we can reach
an average uncertainty of 11% in velocity from an individual spectrum. Our
analysis shows that EPM is quite robust to the effects of dust. In particular,
the distances derived from the VI filters change by only 7% when the adopted
visual extinction in the host galaxy is varied by 0.45 mag. The superb time
sampling of the BVIZJHK light-curves of SN 1999em permits us to study the
internal consistency of EPM and test the dilution factors computed from
atmosphere models for Type II plateau supernovae. We find that, in the first
week since explosion, the EPM distances are up to 50% lower than the average,
possibly due the presence of circumstellar material. Over the following 65
days, on the other hand, our tests lend strong credence to the atmosphere
models, and confirm previous claims that EPM can produce consistent distances
without having to craft specific models to each supernova. This is particularly
true for the VI filters which yield distances with an internal consistency of
4%. From the whole set of BVIZJHK photometry, we obtain an average distance of
7.5+/-0.5 Mpc, where the quoted uncertainty (7%) is a conservative estimate of
the internal precision of the method obtained from the analysis of the first 70
days of the supernova evolution.Comment: 68 pages, 15 tables, 22 figures, to appear in Ap
Results of the engineering run of the coherent neutrino nucleus interaction experiment (CONNIE)
The CONNIE detector prototype is operating at a distance of 30 m from the core of a 3.8 GWth nuclear reactor with the goal of establishing Charge-Coupled Devices (CCD) as a new technology for the detection of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering. We report on the results of the engineering run with an active mass of 4 g of silicon. The CCD array is described, and the performance observed during the first year is discussed. A compact passive shield was deployed around the detector, producing an order of magnitude reduction in the background rate. The remaining background observed during the run was stable, and dominated by internal contamination in the detector packaging materials. The in-situ calibration of the detector using X-ray lines from fluorescence demonstrates good stability of the readout system. The event rates with the reactor ON and OFF are compared, and no excess is observed coming from nuclear fission at the power plant. The upper limit for the neutrino event rate is set two orders of magnitude above the expectations for the standard model. The results demonstrate the cryogenic CCD-based detector can be remotely operated at the reactor site with stable noise below2 e RMS and stable background rates. The success of the engineering test provides a clear path for the upgraded 100 g detector to be deployed during 2016.Fil: Aguilar Arevalo, A.. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Bertou, Xavier Pierre Louis. Comisión Nacional de EnergÃa Atómica; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de EnergÃa Atómica. Fundación José A. Balseiro; ArgentinaFil: Bonifazi, C.. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Butner, M.. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory; Estados UnidosFil: Cancelo, G.. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory; Estados UnidosFil: Castañeda Vazquez, A.. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Cervantes Vergara, B.. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Chavez, C. R.. Universidad Nacional de Asunción; ParaguayFil: Da Motta, H.. Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas FÃsicas; BrasilFil: D'Olivo, J. C.. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Dos Anjos, J.. Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas FÃsicas; BrasilFil: Estrada, J.. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory; Estados UnidosFil: Fernández Moroni, Guillermo. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de IngenierÃa Eléctrica y de Computadoras. Instituto ; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientÃficas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Ford, R.. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory; Estados UnidosFil: Foguel, A.. Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas FÃsicas; Brasil. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Hernandez Torres, K. P.. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Izraelevitch, F.. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory; Estados UnidosFil: Kavner, A.. University of Michigan; Estados UnidosFil: Kilminster, B.. Universitat Zurich; SuizaFil: Kuk, K.. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory; Estados UnidosFil: Lima Jr, H. P.. Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas FÃsicas; BrasilFil: Makler, M.. Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas FÃsicas; BrasilFil: Molina, J.. Universidad Nacional de Asunción; ParaguayFil: Moreno Granados, G.. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Moro, Juan Manuel. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de IngenierÃa; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientÃficas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Paolini, Eduardo Emilio. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de IngenierÃa Eléctrica y de Computadoras. Instituto ; ArgentinaFil: Sofo Haro, Miguel Francisco. Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica. Gerencia D/area de Energia Nuclear; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientÃficas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Tiffenberg, Javier Sebastian. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory; Estados Unidos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientÃficas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Trillaud, F.. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Wagner, S.. Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas FÃsicas; Brasil. Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul; Brasi
Daily Rhythms in Mobile Telephone Communication
Circadian rhythms are known to be important drivers of human activity and the recent availability of electronic records of human behaviour has provided fine-grained data of temporal patterns of activity on a large scale. Further, questionnaire studies have identified important individual differences in circadian rhythms, with people broadly categorised into morning-like or evening-like individuals. However, little is known about the social aspects of these circadian rhythms, or how they vary across individuals. In this study we use a unique 18-month dataset that combines mobile phone calls and questionnaire data to examine individual differences in the daily rhythms of mobile phone activity. We demonstrate clear individual differences in daily patterns of phone calls, and show that these individual differences are persistent despite a high degree of turnover in the individuals' social networks. Further, women's calls were longer than men's calls, especially during the evening and at night, and these calls were typically focused on a small number of emotionally intense relationships. These results demonstrate that individual differences in circadian rhythms are not just related to broad patterns of morningness and eveningness, but have a strong social component, in directing phone calls to specific individuals at specific times of day.TA and JS were funded by The Academy of Finland, project No. 260427 (http://www.aka.fi) and the computational resources were provided by Aalto 379 Science-IT project. The study was funded by a grant from the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council and Economic and Social Research Council (grant No. EP/D052114/2). RD is funded by European Research Council (grant no. 295663). The 380 collection of the data by SGBR and RD was made possible by a grant from the UK 381 EPSRC and ESRC research councils. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript
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