Pengaruh Promosi Terhadap Volume Penjualan Pada CV. Rown Division Surakarta

Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui: Pengaruh biaya promosi yang terdiri dari biaya periklanan, promosi penjualan, personal selling dan publisitas terhadap peningkatan volume penjualan. Pengaruh promosi yang terdiri dari biaya periklanan, promosi penjualan, personal selling dan publisitas secara parsial terhadap peningkatan volume penjualan. Pengaruh promosi yang terdiri dari biaya periklanan, promosi penjualan, personal selling dan publisitas secara simultan terhadap peningkatan volume penjualan. Diantara variabel-variabel promosi, yang terdiri dari biaya periklanan, promosi penjualan, personal selling dan publisitas manakah yang berpengaruh dominan terhadap peningkatan volume penjualan pada CV. Rown Division. Penelitian dilakukan di CV. Rown Division Surakarta di Jl. Adi Soecipto No. 1 Manahan, Banjarsari. Data diperoleh data sekunder, yaitu data laporan keuangan bagian promosi periode tahun 2010. Sampel adalah data laporan keuangan yang berjumlah 12 data mulai Januari – Desember 2012. Metode analisis menggunakan: Uji regresi linear berganda, Uji hipotesis, yaitu uji t, uji F dan uji koefisien determinasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: Hasil uji regresi linear berganda diperoleh nilai koefisien regresi positif, sehingga disimpulkan jika biaya periklanan, promosi penjualan, personal selling dan publisitas dinaikkan maka menaikkan volume penjualan. Hasil uji t menunjukkan: Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan secara parsial biaya periklanan terhadap volume penjualan, dibuktikan nilai thitung sebesar 3,003 dan signifikansi sebesar 0,020. Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan secara parsial biaya promosi penjualan terhadap volume penjualan, dibuktikan nilai thitung sebesar 2,615 dan signifikansi sebesar 0,035. Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan secara parsial biaya personal selling terhadap volume penjualan, dibuktikan nilai thitung sebesar 6,022 dan signifikansi sebesar 0,001. Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan secara parsial biaya publisitas terhadap volume penjualan, dibuktikan nilai thitung sebesar 3,511 dan signifikansi sebesar 0,010. Hasil uji F diperoleh bahwa biaya periklanan, promosi penjualan, personal selling dan publisitas secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap volume penjualan, dibuktikan diperolehnya nilai Fhitung = 222,094 dan signifikansi 0,000. Variabel biaya personal selling merupakan variabel yang paling dominan berpengaruh terhadap volume penjualan

Special Memory for Addition to Process Emulation Ibm Pc / Xt

To avoid errors charging program into the EPROM emulator created a device as a temporary substitute for the position of the EPROM emulator. This tool serves as a pilot program before it is loaded into the EPROM emulator. Because this type of equipment, including types of memory devices, then to occupy the memory address of the IBM PC / XT had to be recognized and this address is not used by other memory devices. To berkomnukasi with the IBM PC system required interfacing and programming language that can be directly translated by the IBM PC system

Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan, Kompensasi, Kedisiplinan dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja di PT. Jerapah

This study aims to determine the influence of leadership style, compensation, discipline, and work environment Against Job Satisfaction At PT Jerapah. The sample in this research is employees who work in PT Jerapah which amounted to 45 respondents. Sampling technique in this research is by purposive sampling. Data analysis method used is multiple linier regression analysis test with t test, F test, and coefficient of determination (R2). From hypothesis test showed that leadership style (thitung = 2,637), compensation (thitung = 2,117), and work discipline (thitung = 5,720) have a significant influence on job satisfaction while work environment variable has no significant effect on job satisfaction = 0.745). In the F test shows that together variables of leadership style, compensation, work discipline, and work environment have a significant effect on job satisfaction. The coefficient of determination (R2) is 78,9

Mucus extravasation and retention phenomena: a 24-year study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Mucoceles are benign lesions related to the minor salivary glands and their respective ducts frequently affecting oral structures which are generally asymptomatic. Mucoceles are generally characterized by swollen nodular lesions preferentially located on the lower lip and differ from the so-called ranulas, which are lesions located on the floor of the mouth and related to the sublingual or submandibular glands.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The objective of the present study was to analyze data such as age, gender, race and site of the lesion of 173 mucocele cases diagnosed at the Discipline of Stomatology, São José dos Campos Dental School, UNESP, over a period of 24 years (April 1980 to February 2003).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Of the 173 cases analyzed, 104 (60.12%) were females and 69 (39.88%) were males. Age ranged from 4 to 70 years (mean ± SD: 17 ± 9.53) and most patients were in the second decade of life (n = 86, 49.42%); white (n = 124, 71.68%). The lower lip was the site most frequently affected by the lesions (n = 135, 78.03%), whereas the lowest prevalence was observed for the soft palate, buccal mucosa, and lingual frenum.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>In this study, mucoceles predominated in white female subjects in the second decade of life, with the lower lip being the most frequently affected site.</p

Reduced TCA cycle rates at high hydrostatic pressure hinder hydrocarbon degradation and obligate oil degraders in natural, deep-sea microbial communities

Petroleum hydrocarbons reach the deep-sea following natural and anthropogenic factors. The process by which they enter deep-sea microbial food webs and impact the biogeochemical cycling of carbon and other elements is unclear. Hydrostatic pressure (HP) is a distinctive parameter of the deep sea, although rarely investigated. Whether HP alone affects the assembly and activity of oil-degrading communities remains to be resolved. Here we have demonstrated that hydrocarbon degradation in deep-sea microbial communities is lower at native HP (10 MPa, about 1000 m below sea surface level) than at ambient pressure. In long-term enrichments, increased HP selectively inhibited obligate hydrocarbon-degraders and downregulated the expression of beta-oxidation-related proteins (i.e., the main hydrocarbon-degradation pathway) resulting in low cell growth and CO2 production. Short-term experiments with HP-adapted synthetic communities confirmed this data, revealing a HP-dependent accumulation of citrate and dihydroxyacetone. Citrate accumulation suggests rates of aerobic oxidation of fatty acids in the TCA cycle were reduced. Dihydroxyacetone is connected to citrate through glycerol metabolism and glycolysis, both upregulated with increased HP. High degradation rates by obligate hydrocarbon-degraders may thus be unfavourable at increased HP, explaining their selective suppression. Through lab-scale cultivation, the present study is the first to highlight a link between impaired cell metabolism and microbial community assembly in hydrocarbon degradation at high HP. Overall, this data indicate that hydrocarbons fate differs substantially in surface waters as compared to deep-sea environments, with in situ low temperature and limited nutrients availability expected to further prolong hydrocarbons persistence at deep sea

Potent cytotoxic effects of Calomeria amaranthoides on ovarian cancers

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Ovarian cancer remains the leading cause of death from gynaecological malignancy. More than 60% of the patients are presenting the disease in stage III or IV. In spite of combination of chemotherapy and surgery the prognosis stays poor for therapy regimen.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The leaves of a plant endemic to Australia, <it>Calomeria amaranthoides</it>, were extracted and then fractionated by column chromatography. <it>In vitro </it>cytotoxicity tests were performed with fractions of the plant extract and later with an isolated compound on ovarian cancer cell lines, as well as normal fibroblasts at concentrations of 1-100 μg/mL (crude extract) and 1-10 μg/mL (compound). Cytotoxicity was measured after 24, 48 and 72 hours by using a non-fluorescent substrate, Alamar blue.</p> <p><it>In vivo </it>cytotoxicity was tested on ascites, developed in the abdomen of nude mice after inoculation with human OVCAR₃cells intraperitoneally. The rate of change in abdomen size for the mice was determined by linear regression and statistically evaluated for significance by the unpaired t test.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Two compounds were isolated by chromatographic fractionation and identified by ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR and mass spectrometry analyses, EPD, an α-methylene sesquiterpene lactone of the eremophilanolide subtype, and EPA, an α-methylene carboxylic acid.</p> <p>Cytotoxicity of EPD for normal fibroblasts at all time points IC₅₀was greater than 10 μg/mL, whereas, for OVCAR₃cells at 48 hours IC₅₀was 5.3 μg/mL (95% confidence interval 4.3 to 6.5 μg/mL).</p> <p>Both, the crude plant extract as well as EPD killed the cancer cells at a final concentration of 10 μg/mL and 5 μg/mL respectively, while in normal cells only 20% cell killing effect was observed. EPA had no cytotoxic effects.</p> <p>Changes in abdomen size for control versus Cisplatin treated mice were significantly different, P = 0.023, as were control versus EPD treated mice, P = 0.025, whereas, EPD versus Cisplatin treated mice were not significantly different, P = 0.13.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>For the first time both crude plant extract from <it>Calomeria amaranthoides </it>and EPD have been shown to have potent anti-cancer effects against ovarian cancer.</p

Reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled on-line to estrogen receptor bioaffinity detection based on fluorescence polarization

We describe the development and validation of a high-resolution screening (HRS) platform which couples gradient reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) on-line to estrogen receptor α (ERα) affinity detection using fluorescence polarization (FP). FP, which allows detection at high wavelengths, limits the occurrence of interference from the autofluorescence of test compounds in the bioassay. A fluorescein-labeled estradiol derivative (E2-F) was synthesized and a binding assay was optimized in platereader format. After subsequent optimization in flow-injection analysis (FIA) mode, the optimized parameters were translated to the on-line HRS bioassay. Proof of principle was demonstrated by separating a mixture of five compounds known to be estrogenic (17β-estradiol, 17α-ethinylestradiol and the phytoestrogens coumestrol, coumarol and zearalenone), followed by post-column bioaffinity screening of the individual affinities for ERα. Using the HRS-based FP setup, we were able to screen affinities of off-line-generated metabolites of zearalenone for ERα. It is concluded that the on-line FP-based bioassay can be used to screen for the affinity of compounds without the disturbing occurrence of autofluorescence

Effect of Baseline HIV Disease Parameters on CD4+ T Cell Recovery After Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation in Kenyan Women

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV infection reconstitutes the immune system and improves survival. However, the rate and extent of CD4+ T cell recovery varies widely. We assessed the impact of several factors on immune reconstitution in a large Kenyan cohort.HIV-infected female sex workers from a longitudinal cohort, with at least 1 year of pre-ART and 6 months of post-ART follow-up (n = 79), were enrolled in the current study. The median pre-ART follow-up was 4,040 days. CD4 counts were measured biannually and viral loads where available. The median CD4 count at ART initiation was 180 cells/ul, which increased to 339 cells/ul at the most recent study visit. The rate of CD4+ T cell increase on ART was 7.91 cells/month (mean = 13, range -25.92 to 169.4). LTNP status prior to ART initiation did not associate with the rate of CD4 recovery on ART. In univariate analyses, associations were observed for CD4 recovery rate and duration of pre-ART immunosuppression (r = -0.326, p = 0.004) and CD4 nadir (r = 0.284, p = 0.012). In multivariate analysis including age, CD4 nadir, duration of HIV infection, duration of pre-ART immunosuppression, and baseline viral load, only CD4 nadir (p = 0.007) and not duration of immunosuppression (p = 0.87) remained significantly associated with the rate of CD4 recovery.These data suggest that prior duration of immune suppression does not predict subsequent recovery once ART is initiated and confirm the previous observation that the degree of CD4 depletion prior to ART initiation is the most important determinant of subsequent immune reconstitution

The impact of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) on HIV epidemics in Africa and India: A simulation study

Background: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a promising new HIV prevention method, especially for women. An urgent demand for implementation of PrEP is expected at the moment efficacy has been demonstrated in clinical trials. We explored the long-term impact of PrEP on HIV transmission in different HIV epidemics. Methodology/Principal Findings: We used a mathematical model that distinguishes the general population, sex workers and their clients. PrEP scenarios varying in effectiveness, coverage and target group were modeled in the epidemiological settings of Botswana, Nyanza Province in Kenya, and Southern India. We also studied the effect of condom addition or condom substitution during PrEP use. Main outcome was number of HIV infections averted over ten years of PrEP use. PrEP strategies with high effectiveness and high coverage can have a substantial impact in African settings. In Southern India, by contrast, the number of averted HIV infections in different PrEP scenarios would be much lower. The impact of PrEP may be strongly diminished or even reversed by behavioral disinhibition, especially in scenarios with low coverage and low effectiveness. However, additional condom use during low coverage and low effective PrEP doubled the amount of averted HIV infections. Conclusions/Significance: The public health impact of PrEP can be substantial. However, this impact may be diminished, or even reversed, by changes in risk behavior. Implementation of PrEP strategies should therefore come on top of current condom campaigns, not as a substitution