Crustal Structure of the Western U.S. From Rayleigh and Love Wave Amplification Data

Surface wave amplification measurements have narrower depth sensitivity when compared to more traditional seismic observables such as surface wave dispersion measurements. In particular, Love wave amplification measurements have the advantage of strong sensitivity to the crust. For the first time, we explore the potential of Love wave amplification measurements to image crustal velocity in the western U.S. The effects of overtone interference, radial anisotropy and Moho depth are all explored. Consequently, we present SWUS‐crust, a three‐dimensional shear‐wave velocity model of crustal structure in the western U.S. We use Rayleigh wave amplification measurements in the period range of 38‐114 s, along with Love wave amplification measurements in the period range of 38‐62 s. We jointly invert over 6,400 multi‐frequency measurements using the Monte‐Carlo based Neighbourhood Algorithm, which allows for uncertainty quantification. SWUS‐crust confirms several features observed in previous models, such as high‐velocity anomalies beneath the Columbia basin and low‐velocity anomalies beneath the Basin and Range province. Certain features are sharpened in our model, such as the northern border of the High‐Lava Plains in southern Oregon in the middle crust

Shedding Light on the lifestyle and participation of portuguese adolescents with chronic conditions—Data from the HBSC 2018 Study

Variables associated with lifestyle can constitute either risk or protective factors for the development and progression of chronic conditions (CC). This study intends to explore the differences between adolescents with and without CC and between adolescents whose school participation is affected/not affected by the existing CC with regard to variables related to lifestyle (i.e., sleep, physical activity, BMI, and leisure). In addition, it also intends to analyze the influence of these variables (i.e., CC and lifestyle) regarding the adolescents’ quality of life (QoL). This work is part of the Portuguese HBSC 2018 study. A total of 8215 adolescents participated (52.7% female), with an average age of 14.36 years (SD = 2.28). The results showed that the adolescents with CC and whose school attendance and participation are affected by their CC exhibit more sleep difficulties (i.e., they experience lower sleep quality and have a higher degree of sleepiness), higher BMI levels (i.e., higher values of overweight and obesity), less participation in leisure activities, and a lower perception of QoL. A higher perception of QoL is associated with school participation unaffected by the existing CC, sleeping well, a low level of sleepiness, a more frequent practice of physical activity, a lower BMI, and a greater involvement in leisure activities. Adolescent health and well-being are a prominent issue in terms of public policies, with behavior and lifestyle playing a significant role in this domain. This message needs to be reinforced in regard to families, educators, healthcare professionals, and public sector policies, particularly concerning students with CC.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Posterior sampling for inverse imaging problems on the sphere in seismology and cosmology

In this work, we describe a framework for solving spherical inverse imaging problems using posterior sampling for full uncertainty quantification. Inverse imaging problems defined on the sphere arise in many fields, including seismology and cosmology where images are defined on the globe and the cosmic sphere, and are generally high-dimensional and computationally expensive. As a result, sampling the posterior distribution of spherical imaging problems is a challenging task. Our framework leverages a proximal Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm to efficiently sample the high-dimensional space of spherical images with a sparsity-promoting wavelet prior. We detail the modifications needed for the algorithm to be applied to spherical problems, and give special consideration to the crucial forward modelling step which contains computationally expensive spherical harmonic transforms. By sampling the posterior, our framework allows for full and flexible uncertainty quantification, something which is not possible with other methods based on, for example, convex optimisation. We demonstrate our framework in practice on full-sky cosmological mass-mapping and to the construction of phase velocity maps in global seismic tomography. We find that our approach is potentially useful at moderate resolutions, such as those of interest in seismology. However at high resolutions, such as those required for astrophysical applications, the poor scaling of the complexity of spherical harmonic transforms severely limits our method, which may be resolved with future GPU implementations. A new Python package, pxmcmc, containing the proximal MCMC sampler, measurement operators, wavelet transforms and sparse priors is made publicly available

Youth have a voice : qualitative exploration of a participatory action-research program

© Under License of Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 LicenseAlthough the participatory action-research programs with young people are increasingly common around the world, their inclusion in the evaluation of intervention programs in the area of health promotion is still not a rule. This study presents youths’ assessment of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the Dream Teens project, along with its impact on their development as a person, the development of their individual action and their social support (family, school and community). Two studies are presented: study 1, referring to individual interviews, including a total of 12 young people, with a mean age of 18.5 years (± 1.62), mostly girls (83.3%) attending secondary school (41.67%), higher education (33.33%) and third grade (25%); and study 2, referring to a focus group that involved 8 young people, mostly girls (75%), age 18.5 years ( ± 2) attending higher education (37.5%), secondary school (37.5%) and third grade (25%). The NVivo software was used for the analysis and processing of data. Overall, young people identify the establishment of goals in the project, the relationships established, the acquired knowledge and face-to-face meetings as forces; their difficulty in dealing with empowerment, and weak participation of some young people as weaknesses; the availability of local authorities and some teachers to listen to young people as opportunities; and the necessary bureaucracy in order for a project to be implemented, the lack of support from the educational community and some teachers, along with the lack of support of political power as threats. In terms of impact on the participants, there is an increase in their capacity for the development of the person, in the promotion of their self-esteem, personal goals, a sense of community participation, communication skills and respect for themselves and for others; and their development of individual action, a greater political empowerment, development of skills and confidence for research-action, and relationships established. The opportunities created include the establishment of new contacts and the feeling of support from some political bodies at a social support level; promotion of active listening, capacity for argumentation and development of new interests at the family level; at school, these include better relationships with teachers and colleagues, better academic performance, easier coping with frustration, better acceptance of the other; and in the community, although they have not noticed significant changes, they believe that their work will have future repercussions. This work is expected to contribute to an increase in the number of research-action programs with the participation of young people, enhancing their effectiveness as a way to promote their health and wellbeing.Branquinho, C. receives a PhD grant from The University of Lisbon (UL) (Grant Number 800178), and Matos, M. G. receives a Sabbatical grant from the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) (SFRH / BSAB / 135160 / 2017).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The effect of a social-emotional school-based intervention upon social and personal skills in children and adolescents

Copyright for this article is retained by the author(s), with first publication rights granted to the journal. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).In the middle of the 20th century, there was a shift from a skills deficit approach to a positive approach, focused on promoting assets and individual strengths. The role of social-emotional competences became salient. School is a privileged arena for universal and selective prevention interventions that can help pupils in raising their competence to cope with life challenges in a relaxed, non-violent and effective way. Personal and social-emotional skills play a key role in children and adolescents’ development, as well as their behavior towards risk factors and there is a need to evidence-based interventions. The scale “For me it’s Easy” is an evaluation tool for personal and socio-emotional skills and was used to assess the effect of a Social and Emotional Skills Promotion Program. Personal and social skills play a key role in children and adolescents’ development, as well as their behavior towards risk factors. The study includes an intervention group with 960 Portuguese children and adolescents with a mean age of 12.5 years (SD = 1.61) and included were 56.8% boys of different educational levels. The waiting-list group included 171 children and adolescents; 46.2% were boys. The mean age was 14.7 years and the SD was 3.3. The results reveal significant differences in the intervention group related to the competences before and after the intervention, namely in the interpersonal relationships and definition of goal related skills, while in the waiting list group there were no significant differences in the moment before and after the intervention, and the scale “For me it’s Easy” can be considered an instrument which contributes to the research and evaluation of intervention in children and adolescents, especially in the prevention and promotion of personal and social skills and healthy development.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Physical fights involvement in school setting and adolescents’ behaviours : highlights from health behaviour in school-aged children (HBSC/WHO) - fights in school setting and adolescent’s behaviours

Copyright © 2019 Susana Gaspar et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and work is properly cited.Aim: To analyse gender differences and associations regarding physical fights and their relationship with other health compromising behaviours. Methods: Participants consisted of 5,423 Portuguese adolescents in the context of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children/World Health Organization study. Independent Chi-Square, Independent Sample T-tests were used to analyse the relationship between physical fights involvement and health compromising behaviour. Binary logistic regressions were conducted to analyse the associations between physical fights involvement and variables with statistical significance for at least one gender in preliminary bivariate analysis. Regression analyses were stratified by gender adjusted by age. Result: 21.3% of the adolescents reported at least one fighting episode. 61.1% of fights occurred in school. Students from 6th grade had a higher involvement in fights than 10th grade students. For both genders, fighting occurrence is related to consumptions (alcohol, drugs use), violence (being bullied, being a bully, carrying weapons and safety perception at school). Boys from Alentejo region, 6th grade and who practice physical activity, reported more physical fights involvement. For boys, carrying weapons decreases the probability of fights occurrence in school. Conclusion: This study confirms the impact of physical fighting in Portuguese adolescents and emphasizes that specific strategies to address this physical fighting are important. Public policies must take gender and age specificities into consideration while designing and implementing preventive interventions with pupils and families, in the school and in the community, in order to promote a safer environment at school and an adolescents’ positive development. Active social support from peers, parents, teachers and school staff is needed so that weapons are not used as a way to secure schools’ environment. National strategies and interventions in school context must be prioritized with regional focus in order to address regional specificities.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Imágenes para recortar y armar: laboratorio de práctica y reflexión en artes visuales

Durante cuatro días de octubre del pasado 2014, en la Escuela de Bellas Artes de Azul Luciano Fortabat se realizó el encuentro de trabajo y reflexión que da nombre a esta nota. Con formato de seminario-laboratorio intensivo, se tuvo como principal objetivo intentar comprender el fenómeno de las artes visuales como posible estrategia de acción y conocimiento.Se intercalaron momentos de teorización y reflexión con instancias prácticas,dedicadas a las experimentaciones que cada participante consideró pertinentes, en el marco de la propuesta didáctica efectuada por la coordinación. Esta metodología permitió ensayar aperturas de sentido en torno a las nociones de lo “artístico”, a fin de ampliar el campo de las prácticas y los conceptos conocidos, desde la conciencia de que lo que se “inventa”, es una síntesis de cosas que ya se han experimentado.Realizada por graduados y estudiantes avanzados de artes visuales, laexperiencia del laboratorio puso en evidencia la urgente necesidad de vinculación de sus participantes con las prácticas, pero no solo las de transferencia docente, sino también las de producción y uso de imágenes.Lo que a continuación se expone constituye un conjunto de reflexiones sobre loaquí presentado, en voz de su coordinadora

Eksperimentasi Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) dan Group Investigation (GI) dengan Pendekatan Saintifik pada Materi Bangun Ruang Sisi Datar Ditinjau dari Gaya Kognitif Siswa SMP Kelas VIII Di Kota Salatiga

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran dengan pendekatan saintifik terhadap prestasi belajar matematika siswa ditinjau dari gaya kognitif siswa. Model pembelajaran yang dibandingkan adalah PBL, GI, dan pembelajaran langsung.Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian eksperimental semu dengan desain faktorial 3 x 2. Populasinya adalah seluruh siswa kelas VIII SMP swasta di Kota Salatiga tahun ajaran 2014/2015.Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan stratified cluster random sampling. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak235 siswa. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah metode dokumentasi, angket dan metode tes. Analisis uji coba insrumen tes meliputi uji validitas isi, uji daya pembeda, uji tingkat kesukaran dan uji reliabilitas. Analisis uji coba instrumen angket meliputi uji validitas isi, uji konsistensi internal butir insrumen dan uji reliabilitas. Teknik analisis data meliputi uji prasyarat (uji normalitas serta homogenitas) dan uji keseimbangan. Uji hipotesis menggunakan analisis variansi dua jalan sel tak sama. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah:1) Siswa yang dikenai model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning dengan pendekatan saintifik mempunyai prestasi yang sama baiknya dengan siswa yang dikenai model pembelajaran Group Investigation dengan pendekatan saintifik. Siswa yang dikenai model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning dengan pendekatan saintifik mempunyai prestasi lebih baik dari siswa yang dikenai model pembelajaran langsung. Siswa yang dikenai model pembelajaran Group Investigation dengan pendekatan saintifik mempunyai prestasi yang sama baiknya dengan siswa yang dikenai model pembelajaran langsung. 2) Siswa dengan gaya kognitif Field Independent memiliki prestasi belajar matematika yang lebih baik daripada siswa dengan gaya kognitif Field Dependent. 3) Pada model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning dengan pendekatan saintifik siswa dengan gaya kognitif Field Independent mempunyai prestasi belajar matematika yang sama baiknya dengan siswa yang memiliki gaya kognitif Field Dependent. Pada model pembelajaran Group Investigation dengan pendekatan saintifik siswa dengan gaya kognitif Field Independent mempunyai prestasi belajar matematika yang sama baiknya dengan siswa yang memiliki gaya kognitif Field Dependent. Pada model pembelajaran langsung siswa dengan gaya kognitif Field Independent mempunyai prestasi belajar matematika yang lebih baik dari siswa dengan gaya kognitif Field Dependent. 4) Pada gaya kognitif Field Dependet siswa yang dikenai model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning dengan pendekatan saintifik mempunyai prestasi yang sama baiknya dengan siswa yang dikenai model pembelajaran Group Investigation dengan pendekatan saintifik. Siswa yang dikenai model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning dengan pendekatan saintifik mempunyai prestasi yang lebih baik dari siswa yang dikenai model pembelajaran langsung. Sedangkan siswa yang dikenai model pembelajaran Group Investigation dengan pendekatan saintifik mempunyai prestasi belajar yang sama baiknya dengan siswa yang diberi model pembelajaran langsung. Pada gaya kognitif Field Independent siswa yang dikenai model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning dengan pendekatan saintifik mempunyai prestasi yang sama baiknya dengan siswa yang dikenai model pembelajaran Group Investigation dengan pendekatan saintifik. Siswa yang dikenai model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning dengan pendekatan saintifik mempunyai prestasi yang sama baiknya dengan siswa yang dikenai model pembelajaran langsung. Sedangkan siswa yang dikenai model pembelajaran Group Investigation dengan pendekatan saintifik mempunyai prestasi belajar yang sama baiknya dengan siswa yang diberi model pembelajaran langsung Kata Kunci: PBL, GI, Pembelajaran Langsung, Pendekatan Saintifik, Gaya Kognitif

CRECIMIENTO ECONÓMICO E INGRESOS TRIBUTARIOS DEL PERÚ. /ECONOMIC GROWTH AND TAX REVENUES OF PERU.

 　RESUMEN El propósito de la investigación ha sido determinar la relación entre el crecimiento económico y los ingresos tributarios del Perú en los años 1990 y 2010.En tal sentido, se estableció los indicadores que expresarían empíricamente dichas variables, se recopiló y ordenó la información existente que nos permitió describir la estructura y evolución de cada una de dichas variables y establecer la relación que había entre ellas.La investigación ha permitido establecer de qué manera se han comportado los indicadores del crecimiento y de los impuestos en el Perú, tanto en términos absolutos como relativos y de qué manera están relacionados dichos indicadores. Adicionalmente, podemos apreciar que, la tendencia creciente de la economía peruana, expresada en el aumento de la producción y los impuestos como la presión tributaria sigue siendo aún exigua.PALABRAS CLAVES: Crecimiento económico, ingresos tributarios, estado. ABSTRACTThe purpose of the research was to determine the relationship between economic growth and tax revenues of Peru in the years 1990 y 2010.In this regard, the indicators established empirically express these variables, collect and collate existing information to allow us to describe the structure and evolution of each of these variables to establish the relationship that existed between them.The research has allowed to establish how the indicators have performed growth and taxation in Peru, both in absolute and relative terms, and how these indicators are related. Additionally, we see that, despite the growing trend of the Peruvian economy, expressed in increased production and taxes, the tax burden remains low.KEY WORDS: economic growth , tax revenue, state