Application of ISO 15686 to estimate service life of a dome built with adobe technology in the city of Toluca, Mexico

This paper focuses only on the application of a methodology used to estimate the service life of any constructed asset, in this case as an example about an architectonic project of a dome designed with adobe technology in the city of Toluca, Mexico, based on the method ISO 15686 (ISO, 2000). The service life of the project was estimated via seven factors. The results show that the final value is a quantitative but also a qualitative estimation is presented, therefore, this method is not perfect; however, this methodology could be helpful to the shallow, rapid and rough estimate of the service life of a building or building components that are required to be designed and constructed. This method could be very useful to architects, builders, civil engineers and developers for decision-making in the early stages of architectonic design, particularly in the planning of the building and pre-design phases

APORTACIONES DE LAS CARACTERÍSTICAS ARQUITECTÓNICAS Y CONSTRUCTIVAS DEL FUERTE DE SAN DIEGO EN ACAPULCO, MÉXICO

Mediante la inspección directa de la fábrica del Fuerte de San Diego, así como el análisis de información relacionada, se establecen aspectos formales de su trazo, geometría, composición y diseño; adicionalmente se presentan datos sobre las características físicas y mecánicas de los materiales de construcción y se hace una propuesta sobre el posible proceso constructivo. Se establecen analogías de acuerdo a Christoval de Rojas (1598), en Teoría y práctica de la fortificación y se concluye que el diseño y construcción del Fuerte se basó en los criterios establecidos en dicho tratado. Finalmente, se argumenta que no se cuenta en el sitio con información impresa para los visitantes, por lo que el presente escrito puede ser útil para ese propósito

Service life estimation of heritage buildings: a case study

ARTICULO ESPECIALIZADO PUBLICADO EN REVISTA INTERNACIONAL INDEXADAThe goal of this document is to present a case study to estimate the service life of a heritage building in a quick and practical manner. The methodology is mainly a modification of the ISO 15686 factor method. The main result is a practical method to be used mainly by architects and restorers to produce residual service life estimations of historical buildings taking into consideration not only the 7 typical ISO durability factors, but also one more related to the degree and quality of redevelopments and reparations carried out on the building. It is concluded that it is a practical and versatile method to estimate not only the service life of historical buildings but also any sort of building for which remaining service life is needed and even to estimate architectural projects’ service life

Green building rating systems and their application in the Mexican context

Revista indexada en SCOPUSThis article offers a review of the scientific literature aimed at putting forward a proposal on the main variables or categories of sustainable design to take into consideration to manage, plan, design, build and maintain buildings in Mexico. The methodology consisted in reviewing 5 successfully tried international green building models (rating systems), from which a series of requirements by sustainable category were taken in order to propose categories and variables proper to the Mexican context. The result was a checklist that comprises sustainable design requirements broken down by categories: natural, human, technologic and economic to apply in the Mexican context. It is concluded that successfully tried green building international models such as: LEED®, BREAM®, CASBEE®, ESTIDAMA® or Green Star® can be very useful to manage, plan, design and construct sustainable buildings around the world

Sobre el diseño estructural de losas macizas de concreto reforzado para vivienda

A partir de resultados analíticos de ejemplos ilustrativos y características de losas de vivienda observadas en un trabajo previo, se muestra que las losas macizas de concreto reforzado para vivienda no son diseñadas ni construidas adecuadamente en el estado de México, lo que explica los altos porcentajes de fallas de servicio. Para el diseño correcto de las losas macizas se recomienda no sólo revisar la resistencia, sino controlar las deformaciones, el agrietamiento y la permeabilidad, lo cual implica especificar un concreto denso y durable. En este artículo se presentan algunas recomendaciones específicas

En búsqueda de un nuevo paradigma para la valoración de bienes singulares

En la actualidad los bienes inmuebles son valorados mediante métodos que calculan el valor en función de los beneficios económicos que el inmueble puede ofrecer en el presente o los flujos de caja futuros producto de la operación del inmueble; sin embargo en el caso de los inmuebles con características particulares este análisis es demasiado limitado, ya que al homologar elementos singulares estos inmuebles son abordados con una perspectiva de sustitución del bien, es decir evaluando al inmueble singular con respecto a otro homogéneo en el mercado, promoviendo el reduccionismo de los valores particulares de los inmuebles y que la singularidad del bien sea subvalorada o no tenga una competencia real con respecto a inmuebles nuevos, por ello el presente artículo presenta una propuesta de construcción de un nuevo paradigma de valoración que incorpore fundamentos históricos, físicos y axiológicos para el estudio de bienes singulares

An Environmental Watch System for the Andean Countries: El Observatorio Andino

An experimental Environmental Watch System, the so-called Observatorio Andino (OA), has been implemented in Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Chile over the past 2 yr. The OA is a collaborative and regional network that aims to monitor several environmental variables and develop accurate forecasts based on different scientific tools. Its overall goal is to improve risk assessments, set up early warning systems, support decision-making processes, and provide easily and intuitively understandable spatial maps to end users. The initiative works under the scientific and logistic coordination of the Centro de Modelado Científico (CMC) at Zulia University, Venezuela, and the Centro Internacional para la Investigación del Fenómeno “El Niño” (CIIFEN), and it is operated at a local level by the national weather services (NWSs) of the above-mentioned six Andean nations. The OA provides several freely available model outputs, including meteorological and hydrological forecasts, droughts, fire and flood indices, ecosystems dynamics, climate and health applications, and 5-day high-resolution oceanographic predictions for the eastern Pacific. This article briefly describes the current products, methodologies, and dynamical and statistical modeling outputs provided by the OA. Also, a discussion on how these sets of tools have been put together as a coordinated scientific watch and forecast system for each country and for the entire region is presented. Our experiences over the past 2 yr suggest that this initiative would significantly improve the current decision-making processes in Andean countries

Chronic Oral Anticoagulation Therapy and Prognosis of Patients Admitted to Hospital for COVID-19: Insights from the HOPE COVID-19 Registry

BackgroundMost evidence regarding anticoagulation and COVID-19 refers to the hospitalization setting, but the role of oral anticoagulation (OAC) before hospital admission has not been well explored. We compared clinical outcomes and short-term prognosis between patients with and without prior OAC therapy who were hospitalized for COVID-19.MethodsAnalysis of the whole cohort of the HOPE COVID-19 Registry which included patients discharged (deceased or alive) after hospital admission for COVID-19 in 9 countries. All-cause mortality was the primary endpoint. Study outcomes were compared after adjusting variables using propensity score matching (PSM) analyses.Results7698 patients were suitable for the present analysis (675 (8.8%) on OAC at admission: 427 (5.6%) on VKAs and 248 (3.2%) on DOACs). After PSM, 1276 patients were analyzed (638 with OAC; 638 without OAC), without significant differences regarding the risk of thromboembolic events (OR 1.11, 95% CI 0.59-2.08). The risk of clinically relevant bleeding (OR 3.04, 95% CI 1.92-4.83), as well as the risk of mortality (HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.01-1.47; log-rank p value = 0.041), was significantly increased in previous OAC users. Amongst patients on prior OAC only, there were no differences in the risk of clinically relevant bleeding, thromboembolic events, or mortality when comparing previous VKA or DOAC users, after PSM.ConclusionHospitalized COVID-19 patients on prior OAC therapy had a higher risk of mortality and worse clinical outcomes compared to patients without prior OAC therapy, even after adjusting for comorbidities using a PSM. There were no differences in clinical outcomes in patients previously taking VKAs or DOACs. This trial is registered with NCT04334291/EUPAS34399

Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use in early acute respiratory distress syndrome : Insights from the LUNG SAFE study

Publisher Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s). Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Background: Concerns exist regarding the prevalence and impact of unnecessary oxygen use in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We examined this issue in patients with ARDS enrolled in the Large observational study to UNderstand the Global impact of Severe Acute respiratory FailurE (LUNG SAFE) study. Methods: In this secondary analysis of the LUNG SAFE study, we wished to determine the prevalence and the outcomes associated with hyperoxemia on day 1, sustained hyperoxemia, and excessive oxygen use in patients with early ARDS. Patients who fulfilled criteria of ARDS on day 1 and day 2 of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure were categorized based on the presence of hyperoxemia (PaO2 > 100 mmHg) on day 1, sustained (i.e., present on day 1 and day 2) hyperoxemia, or excessive oxygen use (FIO2 ≥ 0.60 during hyperoxemia). Results: Of 2005 patients that met the inclusion criteria, 131 (6.5%) were hypoxemic (PaO2 < 55 mmHg), 607 (30%) had hyperoxemia on day 1, and 250 (12%) had sustained hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use occurred in 400 (66%) out of 607 patients with hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use decreased from day 1 to day 2 of ARDS, with most hyperoxemic patients on day 2 receiving relatively low FIO2. Multivariate analyses found no independent relationship between day 1 hyperoxemia, sustained hyperoxemia, or excess FIO2 use and adverse clinical outcomes. Mortality was 42% in patients with excess FIO2 use, compared to 39% in a propensity-matched sample of normoxemic (PaO2 55-100 mmHg) patients (P = 0.47). Conclusions: Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use are both prevalent in early ARDS but are most often non-sustained. No relationship was found between hyperoxemia or excessive oxygen use and patient outcome in this cohort. Trial registration: LUNG-SAFE is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02010073publishersversionPeer reviewe

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis