Aprender una/ en una lengua extranjera: percepciones de empleadores y alumnos

Introduction: Higher Education Institutions (HEI) are allegedly preparing students for a globalized working area where people will need to be ready to communicate effectively in one or more foreign languages in international working environments, which puts a lot of pressure on how foreign languages (FL) are learned in Higher Education (HE). Methods: This article explores how a FL or learning through a FL could be approached in HEI, focusing mainly on what employers claim in terms of skills of recent graduates or on-the-job workers. Case studies are used, combining interviews to employers and questionnaires to HE students to find out their perceptions on FL learning requirements for greater employability. Conclusions: A series of recommendations are made for HEI on how to promote students’ employability skills; on the best practices for the development of intercultural communicative competence and FL skills to communicate effectively in international or digitally-mediated working environments; as well as on how to prepare the teaching staff for emerging trends that involve using a FL as medium of instruction or CLIL, a content and language integrated approach. These testify to the importance of learning a FL or through a FL, as well as the need to combine transversal skills development in connection to FL learning.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Biopsia renal. Descripción clinicopatológica, complicaciones y evolución en un hospital general del Perú: Kidney biopsy. Clinicopathological description, complications and evolution in a general hospital in Peru

Introduction: Kidney biopsy is one of the essential tests for the characterization of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Objective: To determine the most frequent primary and secondary glomerulonephritis, complications of renal biopsy and the number of patients on hemodialysis when undergoing renal biopsy. Methods: Observational, descriptive, case series, retrospective and cross-sectional study, carried out at the E. Rebagliati Matins-Peru national hospital. The medical records of patients older than 15 years of age who underwent kidney biopsy between 2008-2016 were reviewed. The data were processed in Stata 16.1 Results: Of 2278 medical records, they corresponded to 1234 women and 1044 men. The most frequent primary and secondary glomerulonephritis were focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) 683 (29.98%) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). ) 434 (19.04%) respectively. Of 1644 biopsied patients, 36 (2.19%) and 241 (14.66%) had major and minor complications respectively. Major complications were more frequent when the procedure was performed by radiology with ultrasound guidance compared to that performed by the nephrologist without ultrasound guidance (p = 0.03694). In 1,324 patients, 329 underwent kidney biopsy while on hemodialysis; of them 43 (13.07%) managed to get out of this therapy and 144 (51.99%) had major or minor complications. Conclusions: GEFyS and SLE were the most frequent primary and secondary glomerulonephritis, respectively. In 1644 patients the major and minor complications were 36 (2.19%) and 241 (14.66%) respectively. In 1,324 patients, 329 (24.8%) were biopsied while on hemodialysis and 144 (51.99%) of them had major or minor complications.Introducción: La biopsia renal es uno de los exámenes esenciales para la caracterización de la enfermedad renal crónica (ERC). Objetivo: Determinar las glomerulonefritis primarias y secundarias más frecuentes, las complicaciones de la biopsia renal y el número de pacientes en hemodiálisis al ser sometidos a biopsia renal. Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, de serie de casos, retrospectivo y transversal, realizado en el hospital nacional E. Rebagliati Matins-Perú. Se revisaron las historias clínicas de pacientes mayores de 15 años de edad sometidos a biopsia renal entre 2008-2016. Los datos fueron procesados en Stata 16.1 Resultados: De 2278 historias clínicas, correspondieron a mujeres 1234 y a hombres 1044. Las glomerulonefritis primarias y secundarias más frecuentes fueron glomeruloesclerosis focal y segmentaria (GEFyS) 683 (29,98%) y lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) 434 (19,04%) respectivamente. De 1644 pacientes biopsiados, 36 (2,19%) y 241 (14,66%), tuvieron complicaciones mayores y menores respectivamente. Las complicaciones mayores fueron más frecuentes cuando el procedimiento lo realizó radiología con guía ecográfica en relación al realizado por el nefrólogo sin guía ecográfica (p = 0,03694). En 1324 pacientes, 329 fueron sometidos a biopsia renal estando en hemodiálisis; de ellos 43 (13,07%) lograron salir de esta terapia y 144 (51,99%) tuvieron complicaciones mayores o menores. Conclusiones: La GEFyS y LES fueron las glomerulonefritis primarias y secundarias más frecuentes, respectivamente. En 1644 pacientes las complicaciones mayores y menores fueron 36 (2,19%) y 241 (14,66%) respectivamente. En 1324 pacientes, 329 (24,8%) fueron biopsiados estando en hemodiálisis y de ellos 144 (51,99%) tuvieron complicaciones mayores o menores

General relativistic null-cone evolutions with a high-order scheme

We present a high-order scheme for solving the full non-linear Einstein equations on characteristic null hypersurfaces using the framework established by Bondi and Sachs. This formalism allows asymptotically flat spaces to be represented on a finite, compactified grid, and is thus ideal for far-field studies of gravitational radiation. We have designed an algorithm based on 4th-order radial integration and finite differencing, and a spectral representation of angular components. The scheme can offer significantly more accuracy with relatively low computational cost compared to previous methods as a result of the higher-order discretization. Based on a newly implemented code, we show that the new numerical scheme remains stable and is convergent at the expected order of accuracy.Comment: 24 pages, 3 figure

Sensitive CO and 13CO survey of water fountain stars Detections towards IRAS 18460-0151 and IRAS 18596+0315

 This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from EDP Sciences via the DOI in this recordContext. Water fountain stars represent a stage between the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) and planetary nebulae phases, when the mass loss changes from spherical to bipolar. These types of evolved objects are characterized by high-velocity jets in the 22 GHz water maser emission. Aims. The objective of this work is to detect and study in detail the circumstellar gas in which the bipolar outflows are emerging. The detection and study of thermal lines may help in understanding the nature and physics of the envelopes in which the jets are developing. Methods. We surveyed the CO and 13CO line emission towards a sample of ten water fountain stars through observing the J = 1 → 0 and 2 → 1 lines of CO and 13CO, using the 30 m IRAM radio-telescope at Pico Veleta. All the water fountains visible from the observatory were surveyed. Results. Most of the line emission arises from foreground or background Galactic clouds, and we had to thoroughly analyse the spectra to unveil the velocity components related to the stars. In two sources, IRAS 18460-0151 and IRAS 18596+0315, we identified wide velocity components with a width of 35 - 40 km s-1 that are centred at the stellar velocities. These wide components can be associated with the former AGB envelope of the progenitor star. A third case, IRAS 18286-0959, is reported as tentative; in this case a pair of narrow velocity components, symmetrically located with respect to the stellar velocity, have been discovered. We also modelled the line emission using an LVG code and derived some global physical parameters, which allowed us to discuss the possible origin of this gas in relation to the known bipolar outflows. For IRAS 18460-0151 and IRAS 18596+0315, we derived molecular masses close to 0.2 M⊙, mean densities of 104 cm-3, and mass-loss rates of 10 -4 M⊙ yr-1. The kinetic temperatures are rather low, between 10 and 50 K in both cases, which suggests that the CO emission is arising from the outer and cooler regions of the envelopes. No fitting was possible for IRAS 18286-0959, because line contamination can not be discarded in this case. Conclusions. The molecular masses, mean densities, and mass-loss rates estimated for the circumstellar material associated with IRAS 18460-0151 and IRAS 18596+0315 confirm that these sources are at the end of the AGB or the beginning of the post-AGB evolutionary stages. The computed mass-loss rates are among the highest ones possible according to current evolutionary models, which leads us to propose that the progenitors of these water fountains had masses in the range from 4 to 8 M ⊙. We speculate that CO emission is detected in water fountains as a result of a CO abundance enhancement caused by current episodes of low-collimation mass-loss. © ESO, 2013.MICINNJunta de Andalucí

K-7 science teaching: an introduction

PDF document, 5 pages. Work document proyect "Scientific literacy at the school: improving strategies and building new practices of science teaching in early years education" financied by Erasmus Plus Program. European Union.[EN] The overall objective of these pages is to think over the evolution of the concepts of scientific literacy of the society since the mid-twentieth century to the present day. In this period, the meaning of the expression has undergone certain changes, that can be divided into three periods: a first stage characterized by the elaboration of benchmarks, a second period centered in the Nature of the Scientific Research (NSR) and, finally, a third stage devoted to the so-called vision of the nature of science (VNOS). On the same footing as the science learning and according to the guidelines of the European H2020, we should also consider the removal of existing barriers that generate discrimination against women in scientific careers.N

La enseñanza de la ciencia en Infantil y Primaria: una introducción

PDF en castellano, 5 páginas con imágenes.Documento de trabajo para el inicio del proyecto titulado "Scientific literacy at the school: improving strategies and building new practices of science teaching in early years education" cofinanciado por el programa Erasmus Plus de la Unión Europea.El objetivo general de estas páginas es reflexionar sobre la nueva concepción de alfabetización científica de la sociedad desde mediados del siglo XX hasta nuestros días, periodo en que han aparecido tres conceptos fundamentales: la etapa de los benchmarks, el periodo de la naturaleza de la investigación (NIC) y, por último, la visión de la naturaleza de la ciencia (VNOS), así como los objetivos de igualdad de género contemplados en el Proyecto Europeo H2020.N

Activation of autophagy by FOXO3 regulates redox homeostasis during osteogenic differentiation

Bone remodeling is a continuous physiological process that requires constant generation of new osteoblasts from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Differentiation of MSCs to osteoblast requires a metabolic switch from glycolysis to increased mitochondrial respiration to ensure the sufficient energy supply to complete this process. As a consequence of this increased mitochondrial metabolism, the levels of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) rise. In the current study we analyzed the role of forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) in the control of ROS levels in human MSCs (hMSCs) during osteogenic differentiation. Treatment of hMSCs with H2O2 induced FOXO3 phosphorylation at Ser294 and nuclear translocation. This ROS-mediated activation of FOXO3 was dependent on mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 (MAPK8/JNK) activity. Upon FOXO3 downregulation, osteoblastic differentiation was impaired and hMSCs lost their ability to control elevated ROS levels. Our results also demonstrate that in response to elevated ROS levels, FOXO3 induces autophagy in hMSCs. In line with this, impairment of autophagy by autophagy-related 7 (ATG7) knockdown resulted in a reduced capacity of hMSCs to regulate elevated ROS levels, together with a reduced osteoblast differentiation. Taken together our findings are consistent with a model where in hMSCs, FOXO3 is required to induce autophagy and thereby reduce elevated ROS levels resulting from the increased mitochondrial respiration during osteoblast differentiation. These new molecular insights provide an important contribution to our better understanding of bone physiology

Disposición a pagar por un sistema integral de residuos sólidos urbanos en poblaciones Semi-urbanas

In Yucatan, the transition from rural to semi-urban communities has occurred mainly in the municipality seats; this transition comes with the problems of waste management. The municipalities oversee the Integral Urban SolidWaste Management (IUSWM); but in recent years, the public-private partnership for waste management has proved to be an effective strategy. There are few studies on the IUSWM in rural or semi-urban areas and the users’ willingness to pay, information that would help public policymakers to design adequate plans and programs for its management. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the socioeconomic factors associated with the willingness to pay for the IUSWM of users in semi-urban municipalities of Yucatan. A total of 1,144 interviews were conducted in 6 semi-urban localities in Yucatan, and the data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with a Tobit regression econometric model. 69.75% of the surveyed users declared that they were willing to pay an average of 17.65 Mexican pesos (0.85 U.S. dollars) for the integral urban solid waste management. The willingness to pay decreases when the Mayan language predominates among the member of the household, and when they have fewer tangible assets and rooms. There are cultural and social factors rooted in solid waste collection, this integrated system may be accompanied by other types of economic incentives to modify consumers’ behavior towards something more beneficial for the environment, such as the homes’ income.La transición de lo rural a lo semiurbano en Yucatán ocurre principalmente en las cabeceras municipales, y trae consigo problemas de gestión de los residuos. Las autoridades municipales son las encargadas del Manejo Integral de los Residuos Sólidos Urbanos (MIRSU); pero en últimos años, la asociación entre el sector público y el privado para la gestión de los residuos resulta una estrategia eficaz. Existen pocos estudios sobre el MIRSU en zonas rurales o semiurbanas y la disposición a pagar de los usuarios, información que ayudaría a los creadores de política pública a diseñar planes y programas adecuados para su gestión. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio es determinar los factores socioeconómicos asociados a la disposición a pagar por el MIRSU de los usuarios de municipios semiurbanos de Yucatán. Se realizaron 1,144 encuestas en 6 localidades semiurbanas de Yucatán, los datos se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva e inferencial con un modelo econométrico de regresión Tobit. El 69,75% de los usuarios encuestados declararon estar dispuestos a pagar por el manejo integral de los residuos sólidos un monto promedio de 17,65 pesos mexicanos (0,85 dólares estadounidenses). La disposición a pagar disminuye cuando predomina el idioma maya, y mientras menos activos físicos y habitaciones tenga el hogar. Existen elementos culturales y sociales arraigados en la recolección de residuos sólidos, este sistema integral puede ir acompañado de otro tipo de incentivos económicos para modificar el comportamiento de los consumidores hacia algo más beneficioso para el medio ambiente, tal como el ingreso familiar

ANÁLISIS INFORME CONTINUIDAD DE CUIDADOS SEGÚN CRITERIO ENFERMERO.

Consensuar qué pacientes deben salir del Hospital con Informe Continuidad de Cuidados es una discusión sin solucionar dentro del foro enfermero, y cada vez son más las voces que avalan que debe ponderar el criterio enfermero y la situación específica del paciente. Objetivos:Analizar el perfil de los pacientes que salen del Hospital con Informe Continuidad de Cuidados identificando las indicaciones más prevalentes. Ver el número total de altas con Informe Continuidad de Cuidados estratificado por especialidades. Metodología: Estudio observacional descriptivo cualitativo y cuantitativo, analizando todos los informes realizados de septiembre a diciembre de 2006 en unidades Médico-Quirúrgicas. Metodología cualitativa y cuantitativa. Fuente de datos: Servidor Gestión pacientes/Gestión de cuidados e Informe de Continuidad de Cuidados. Resultados: Cuantitativos: Emitidos 234 informes sobre un total de 676 altas, supone un 35% de pacientes con Informe de Continuidad de Cuidados. El 59,4% corresponden al área médica y el 40,5% quirúrgica, siendo Urología (57%) la unidad con más informes. Cualitativos: El 57% son mujeres y el 78% mayores de 65 años. Necesidades humanas no cubiertas más prevalentes: Movilidad 29%, Piel/Mucosa 28%, Eliminación 14%, Oxigenación/Respiración 12%, Nutrición 10%, Aprendizaje 7%.. Se presentan las situaciones y diagnósticos al alta más prevalentes. Conclusiones: Tras revisión bibliográfica, el porcentaje de pacientes con Informe de Continuidad de Cuidados es alto en nuestra área (35%). Perfil: podemos decir mujer, mayor de 65 años, con deterioro importante en la movilidad e intolerancia a la actividad (encamado), con UPP o herida quirúrgica, con anticoagulantes por vía subcutánea, insulinodependiente, con sonda vesical y/o sonda nasogástrica

Family functioning but not social capital is associated with better mental health in adolescents affected by violence and displacement by armed conflict in Colombia

Background: The effect of the Colombian armed conflict on the mental health of adolescents is still poorly understood. Aims: Given social interventions are most likely to inform policy, we tested whether two potential intervention targets, family functioning and social capital, were associated with mental health in Colombian adolescents, and whether this was moderated by experience of violence and displacement. Methods: We examined the cross-sectional association between family functioning, cognitive social capital, structural social capital and 12-month prevalence of Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) diagnosed psychiatric disorder, using data on 12 to 17-year-old adolescents (N = 1,754) from the 2015 National Mental Health Survey of Colombia, a nationally representative epidemiological study. We tested whether associations survived cumulative adjustment for demographic confounders, experience of non-specific violence and harm and displacement by armed conflict. Results: Neither structural nor cognitive social capital were associated with better mental health. Better family functioning was associated with reduced risk of poor mental health in an unadjusted analysis (OR 0.90 [0.85–0.96]), and after cumulative adjustments for demographic confounders (OR 0.91 [0.86–0.97]), non-specific violence and harm (OR 0.91 [0.86–0.97]) and social capital variables (OR 0.91 [0.85–0.97]). In the final model, each additional point on the family APGAR scale was associated with a 9% reduced odds of any CIDI diagnosed disorder in the last 12 months. Conclusions: Better family functioning was associated with better mental health outcomes for all adolescents. This effect remained present in those affected by the armed conflict even after accounting for potential confounders