Interpretación morfológica de los montes submarinos del codo de las dorsales Pascua y Nazca y de la dorsal Juan Fernández, Chile

Tesis (Geología)Los montes submarinos son estructuras de origen volcánico y están ubicadas en las grandes cuencas oceánicas. Estas estructuras son importantes para el desarrollo de actividades económicas como la minería y pesca, además albergan una gran diversidad de ecosistemas submarinos, por lo que es necesario el control y protección de estas áreas. Por esta razón, entre los años 2016 y 2017 los montes submarinos ubicados en el codo que une a la dorsal Pascua con la dorsal Nazca y los ubicados en la dorsal Juan Fernández, fueron nombrado parques marinos para el manejo y conservación de estas regiones. El objetivo de esta investigación es conocer en detalle la morfología de los montes submarinos de estos dos lugares para identificar e interpretar las geoformas asociados al edificio volcánico y así poder identificar los procesos asociados al modelado final de estas estructuras. El reconocimiento de las morfologías se llevó a cabo integrando mapas batimétricos de alta resolución y de mosaicos de “backscatter”. Los datos de batimetría multihaz fueron obtenidos por el crucero Cimar 22, islas oceánicas de Chile (2016). En ambas áreas se reconocieron estructuras originadas por procesos sedimentarios tales como: canales sedimentarios; depósitos en forma de abanico; deslizamientos submarinos; depósitos de ladera y zonas de escarpes. Sin embargo, las morfologías originadas por procesos volcánicos posteriores a la formación de los montes submarinos como: conos satélites con y sin presencia de cráteres; flujos de lavas y afloramientos rocosos son más abundantes y poseen un registro más evidente en los montes submarinos pertenecientes al área de Juan Fernández, lo que podrían estar relacionado a una génesis más reciente.Seamounts are volcanic structures located on the large ocean basins. These structures are important for the development of economic activities, such as mining and fishing, and content a great diversity of underwater ecosystems. Thus, the control and protection of these areas is imperative. Between 2016 and 2017, the seamounts located in the elbow of Pascua and Nazca Ridges, and those located on the Juan Fernández Ridge, were named marine parks for the sake of management and conservation. The objective of this thesis is to know in detail the morphology of these seamounts in order to identify and interpret the morphologies associated with the volcanic edifices, and thus, to be able to identify the processes associated with the final modeling of these structures. To identify the submarine landforms, high resolution bathymetric maps were integrated with backscatter mosaics. Multibeam bathymetry data were obtained during CIMAR 22 cruise to the oceanic islands of Chile (2016). In both areas, structures created by sedimentary processes, such as, sedimentary channels, fan-shaped deposits, underwater landslides, slope deposit and escarpments were found. However, the submarine landforms created by volcanic processes, subsequent to the formation of seamounts, such as: satellite cones with and without the presence of craters, lavas flows, and rocky outcrops were more abundant and evident in the seamounts of the Juan Fernández area, which could be related to a more recent genesis

Manuales de autoprotección para periodistas : un análisis desde la experiencia

En la presente investigación se estudió la funcionalidad de tres Manuales de Autoprotección para periodistas, en base a la experiencia de cinco periodistas expuestos a situaciones de riesgo por su trabajo. Los periodistas escogidos para la realización de la investigación son desde reconocidos periodistas a nivel nacional y mundial por su labor, como periodistas de pequeñas ciudades. Se escogieron de esta manera para obtener un mayor flujo de información en los resultados. Los periodistas entrevistados fueron Ricardo Calderón, Jineth Bedoya, Jorge Meléndez, Ricardo Cipagaupa y Carmen Rosa Pabón. El propósito de esta investigación era demostrar que falencias, ventajas y diferencias tenían El Manual de Seguridad para Periodistas del Comité para la Protección de Periodistas, el Manual de Autoprotección para Periodistas de la Fundación para la Libertad de Prensa y el Manual de Protección para Periodistas de la Federación Internacional de Periodistas, de acuerdo a la experiencia de los periodistas entrevistados y su reacción ante dicha situación, bajo el conocimiento o ignorancia de los Manuales. Se demostró que los Periodistas muy pocas veces atienden las medidas de precaución recomendadas y que ellos solamente hacen uso de estos Manuales, una vez ya han sido atacados. A su vez, se encontró que los distintos Manuales tienen falencias como la son la leve profundización en temas importantes de riesgo, la poca adaptación de las medidas a los contextos específicos requeridos y la poca actualización. Los cinco periodistas y varios promotores de la seguridad de los periodistas hicieron valoraciones sobre los Manuales, destacando sus ventajas y desventajas. Además, los cinco periodistas entrevistados personalmente dieron consejos formulados desde su experiencia, con el fin de que los lectores tengan mayor conocimiento en determinadas situaciones de riesgo.This work want to compare the reconmendations in the manuals of self-protection for journalists with real cases and measure its effectiveness.Comunicador (a) SocialPregrad

Is Sedentary Behavior or Physical Activity Associated With Loneliness in Older Adults? Results of the European-Wide SITLESS Study

Research has found that social relationships are central to the health and well-being of an aging population. Evidence exploring the association between physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) with social isolation and loneliness is limited. This study uses objectively measured PA and SB (ActiGraph®) and self-reported measures of loneliness (the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale) and social engagement (the Lubben Social Network Scale) from the SITLESS study, a European-wide study of community-dwelling older adults. Social isolation was associated with SB where higher levels of SB were associated with an increase in the level of social isolation, controlling for age, sex, living arrangements, employment status, body mass index, educational background, marital status, and self-reported general health. In contrast, PA was not associated with social isolation, and neither SB nor PA was a statistically significant predictor of loneliness. SB may be linked to social isolation in older adults, but PA and SB are not necessarily linked to loneliness in older community-dwelling adults

To dash or to dawdle: verb-associated speed of motion influences eye movements during spoken sentence comprehension

In describing motion events verbs of manner provide information about the speed of agents or objects in those events. We used eye tracking to investigate how inferences about this verb-associated speed of motion would influence the time course of attention to a visual scene that matched an event described in language. Eye movements were recorded as participants heard spoken sentences with verbs that implied a fast (“dash”) or slow (“dawdle”) movement of an agent towards a goal. These sentences were heard whilst participants concurrently looked at scenes depicting the agent and a path which led to the goal object. Our results indicate a mapping of events onto the visual scene consistent with participants mentally simulating the movement of the agent along the path towards the goal: when the verb implies a slow manner of motion, participants look more often and longer along the path to the goal; when the verb implies a fast manner of motion, participants tend to look earlier at the goal and less on the path. These results reveal that event comprehension in the presence of a visual world involves establishing and dynamically updating the locations of entities in response to linguistic descriptions of events

Prognostic relevance of a T-type calcium channels gene signature in solid tumours: A correlation ready for clinical validation

BackgroundT-type calcium channels (TTCCs) mediate calcium influx across the cell membrane. TTCCs regulate numerous physiological processes including cardiac pacemaking and neuronal activity. In addition, they have been implicated in the proliferation, migration and differentiation of tumour tissues. Although the signalling events downstream of TTCC-mediated calcium influx are not fully elucidated, it is clear that variations in the expression of TTCCs promote tumour formation and hinder response to treatment.MethodsWe examined the expression of TTCC genes (all three subtypes; CACNA-1G, CACNA-1H and CACNA-1I) and their prognostic value in three major solid tumours (i.e. gastric, lung and ovarian cancers) via a publicly accessible database.ResultsIn gastric cancer, expression of all the CACNA genes was associated with overall survival (OS) among stage I-IV patients (all pConclusionsAlterations in CACNA gene expression are linked to tumour prognosis. Gastric cancer represents the most promising setting for further evaluation

The Association of Physical Activity Fragmentation with Physical Function in Older Adults: Analysis from the SITLESS Study

The distribution of physical activity bouts through the day may provide useful information for assessing the impacts of interventions on aspects such as physical function. This study aimed to investigate the associations between physical activity fragmentation, tested using different minimum physical activity bout lengths, with physical function in older adults. The SITLESS project recruited 1360 community-dwelling participants from four European countries (≥65 years old). Physical activity fragmentation was represented as the active-to-sedentary transition probability (ASTP), the reciprocal of the average physical activity bout duration measured using ActiGraph wGT3X+ accelerometers. Four minimum bout lengths were utilised to calculate the ASTP: ≥10-s, ≥60-s, ≥120-s and ≥300-s. Physical function was assessed using the 2-min walk test (2MWT) and the composite score from the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) test. Linear regression analyses, after adjusting for relevant covariates, were used to assess cross-sectional associations. After adjustment for relevant covariates, lower ASTP using ≥10-s bouts were associated with longer 2MWT distances and higher SPPB scores. Lower ASTP using ≥120-s bouts and ≥300-s bouts were associated with longer 2MWT distances but not the SPPB. Less fragmented physical activity patterns appeared to be associated with better physical function in community-dwelling older adult

The effectiveness and complexity of interventions targeting sedentary behaviour across the lifespan: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Evidence suggests that sedentary behaviour (SB) is associated with poor health outcomes. SB at any age may have significant consequences for health and well-being and interventions targeting SB are accumulating. Therefore, the need to review the effects of multicomponent, complex interventions that incorporate effective strategies to reduce SB are essential. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted investigating the impact of interventions targeting SB across the lifespan. Six databases were searched and two review authors independently screened studies for eligibility, completed data extraction and assessed the risk of bias and complexity of each of the included studies. Results: A total of 77 adult studies (n=62, RCTs) and 84 studies (n=62, RCTs) in children were included. The findings demonstrated that interventions in adults when compared to active controls resulted in non-significant reductions in SB, although when compared to inactive controls significant reductions were found in both the short (MD -56.86; 95%CI -74.10, -39.63; n=4632; I2 83%) and medium-to-long term (MD -20.14; 95%CI -34.13, -6.16; n=4537; I2 65%). The findings demonstrated that interventions in children when compared to active controls may lead to relevant reductions in daily sedentary time in the short-term (MD -59.90; 95%CI -102.16, -17.65; n=267; I2 86%), while interventions in children when compared to inactive controls may lead to relevant reductions in the short-term (MD -25.86; 95%CI -40.77, -10.96; n=9480; I2 98%) and medium-to-long term (MD -14.02; 95%CI -19.49, -8.55; n=41,138; I2 98%). The assessment of complexity suggested that interventions may need to be suitably complex to address the challenges of a complex behaviour such as SB, but demonstrated that a higher complexity score is not necessarily associated with better outcomes in terms of sustained long-term changes. Conclusions: Interventions targeting reductions in SB have been shown to be successful, especially environmental interventions in both children and adults. More needs to be known about how best to optimise intervention effects. Future intervention studies should apply more rigorous methods to improve research quality, considering larger sample sizes, randomised controlled designs and valid and reliable measures of SB

Older Adults’ Experiences of a Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour Intervention: A Nested Qualitative Study in the SITLESS Multi-Country Randomised Clinical Trial

Background: The SITLESS programme comprises exercise referral schemes and self-management strategies and has been evaluated in a trial in Denmark, Spain, Germany and Northern Ireland. The aim of this qualitative study was to understand the implementation and contextual aspects of the intervention in relation to the mechanisms of impact and to explore the perceived effects. Methods: Qualitative methodologies were nested in the SITLESS trial including 71 individual interviews and 12 focus groups targeting intervention and control group participants from postintervention to 18-month follow-up in all intervention sites based on a semi-structured topic guide. Results: Overarching themes were identified under the framework categories of context, implementation, mechanisms of impact and perceived effects. The findings highlight the perceived barriers and facilitators to older adults’ engagement in exercise referral schemes. Social interaction and enjoyment through the group-based programmes are key components to promote adherence and encourage the maintenance of targeted behaviours through peer support and connectedness. Exit strategies and signposting to relevant classes and facilities enabled the maintenance of positive lifestyle behaviours. Conclusions: When designing and implementing interventions, key components enhancing social interaction, enjoyment and continuity should be in place in order to successfully promote sustained behaviour change

The Interplay between NF-kappaB and E2F1 Coordinately Regulates Inflammation and Metabolism in Human Cardiac Cells

Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) inhibition by nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is related to a shift towards increased glycolysis during cardiac pathological processes such as cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. The transcription factors estrogen-related receptor-α (ERRα) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) regulate PDK4 expression through the potent transcriptional coactivator PPARγ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α). NF-κB activation in AC16 cardiac cells inhibit ERRα and PPARβ/δ transcriptional activity, resulting in reduced PGC-1α and PDK4 expression, and an enhanced glucose oxidation rate. However, addition of the NF-κB inhibitor parthenolide to these cells prevents the downregulation of PDK4 expression but not ERRα and PPARβ/δ DNA binding activity, thus suggesting that additional transcription factors are regulating PDK4. Interestingly, a recent study has demonstrated that the transcription factor E2F1, which is crucial for cell cycle control, may regulate PDK4 expression. Given that NF-κB may antagonize the transcriptional activity of E2F1 in cardiac myocytes, we sought to study whether inflammatory processes driven by NF-κB can downregulate PDK4 expression in human cardiac AC16 cells through E2F1 inhibition. Protein coimmunoprecipitation indicated that PDK4 downregulation entailed enhanced physical interaction between the p65 subunit of NF-κB and E2F1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses demonstrated that p65 translocation into the nucleus prevented the recruitment of E2F1 to the PDK4 promoter and its subsequent E2F1-dependent gene transcription. Interestingly, the NF-κB inhibitor parthenolide prevented the inhibition of E2F1, while E2F1 overexpression reduced interleukin expression in stimulated cardiac cells. Based on these findings, we propose that NF-κB acts as a molecular switch that regulates E2F1-dependent PDK4 gene transcription