Influência da Escola de Postura na qualidade de vida, capacidade funcional, intensidade de dor e flexibilidade de trabalhadores administrativos

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar os efeitos de um programa "Escola de Postura" em relação à qualidade de vida, capacidade funcional, intensidade de dor e flexibilidade em trabalhadores com dor lombar inespecífica. Participaram 33 trabalhadores do setor administrativo. O programa foi realizado em sete encontros com quatro grupos (com sete ou oito participantes), uma vez por semana, com duração de uma hora cada. Antes e após a intervenção, os voluntários responderam ao questionário de qualidade de vida Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) e ao questionário de incapacidade funcional Roland-Morris, realizaram o teste sentar e alcançar com o banco de Wells e assinalaram a intensidade de dor na escala visual analógica. O teste estatístico de Shapiro-Wilk foi usado para analisar a normalidade de distribuição dos dados. Os dados foram analisados pelo teste Wilcoxon e pelo teste t de Student, com nível de significância de 5% (pThe purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of the "Back School" in the quality of life, functional capacity, pain intensity and flexibility for workers with nonspecific low back pain. Thirty-three administrative sector workers participated. The program was conducted in seven meetings with four groups (seven to eight subjects) once a week, lasting one hour each. Before and after the intervention, the subjects answered a questionnaire on quality of life Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), the incapacity functional questionnaire, Roland Morris, performed the sit and reach test with the Wells' bank, and noted the intensity pain in visual analog scale. The statistical test of Shapiro-Wilk test was used to analyze the normality of data distribution. The data were analyzed by Wilcoxon and Student's t-test with significance level of 5% (p<0.05). In the improvement of quality of life in seven domains of the SF-36 (p<0.005), functional incapacity (p<0.005), pain intensity (p<0.005) and flexibility (p<0.005). The rate of adherence was 58.93%. The "Back School" program offered significantly improved the quality of life, functional capacity, flexibility and intensity of pain in adult administrative workers

Intraperitoneal drain placement and outcomes after elective colorectal surgery: international matched, prospective, cohort study

Despite current guidelines, intraperitoneal drain placement after elective colorectal surgery remains widespread. Drains were not associated with earlier detection of intraperitoneal collections, but were associated with prolonged hospital stay and increased risk of surgical-site infections.Background Many surgeons routinely place intraperitoneal drains after elective colorectal surgery. However, enhanced recovery after surgery guidelines recommend against their routine use owing to a lack of clear clinical benefit. This study aimed to describe international variation in intraperitoneal drain placement and the safety of this practice. Methods COMPASS (COMPlicAted intra-abdominal collectionS after colorectal Surgery) was a prospective, international, cohort study which enrolled consecutive adults undergoing elective colorectal surgery (February to March 2020). The primary outcome was the rate of intraperitoneal drain placement. Secondary outcomes included: rate and time to diagnosis of postoperative intraperitoneal collections; rate of surgical site infections (SSIs); time to discharge; and 30-day major postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo grade at least III). After propensity score matching, multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to estimate the independent association of the secondary outcomes with drain placement. Results Overall, 1805 patients from 22 countries were included (798 women, 44.2 per cent; median age 67.0 years). The drain insertion rate was 51.9 per cent (937 patients). After matching, drains were not associated with reduced rates (odds ratio (OR) 1.33, 95 per cent c.i. 0.79 to 2.23; P = 0.287) or earlier detection (hazard ratio (HR) 0.87, 0.33 to 2.31; P = 0.780) of collections. Although not associated with worse major postoperative complications (OR 1.09, 0.68 to 1.75; P = 0.709), drains were associated with delayed hospital discharge (HR 0.58, 0.52 to 0.66; P &lt; 0.001) and an increased risk of SSIs (OR 2.47, 1.50 to 4.05; P &lt; 0.001). Conclusion Intraperitoneal drain placement after elective colorectal surgery is not associated with earlier detection of postoperative collections, but prolongs hospital stay and increases SSI risk

Preparazione di nanoparticelle TMC/Alginato per la veicolazione al SNC

Le discinesie indotte dalla L-dopa (DIL) affliggono più del 50% dei pazienti con la malattia di Parkinson (MP) dopo cinque anni di trattamento con L-dopa e rappresentano il maggiore problema nelle terapie a lungo termine di tali pazienti (Obeso J.A., et al.,1997). È stato dimostrato che una stimolazione dopaminergica continua riduce l’espressione delle DIL nel MP. Nel presente studio sono stati realizzati dei sistemi polimerici nanoparticellari per la veicolazione della L-dopa, a base di un derivato quaternizzato del chitosano, l’N,N,N,-Trimetil-chitosano cloruro (TMC), carico positivamente a pH fisiologico. Il TMC è un polimero solubile in acqua, dotato di alta biocompatibilità e biodegradabilità, non tossico e con proprietà mucoadesive. Come ligando cationico il TMC può facilitare il trasporto attivo di nanoparticelle attraverso la barriera ematoencefalica (BEE) tramite il processo di transcitosi mediato dal recettore AMT (absorptive-mediated transcytosis) (Wang, Zhao H., et al., 2010) e per tale motivo può essere utilizzato come carrier per il direzionamento di farmaci al Sistema Nervoso Centrale (SNC). Questo tipo di trasporto si basa infatti sull’interazione elettrostatica tra molecole policationiche e le cariche negative presenti sulla superficie luminale delle cellule endoteliali dei capillari cerebrali che costituiscono la barriera ematoencefalica. Recentemente la via di somministrazione intranasale ha ottenuto notevole interesse soprattutto per il direzionamento cerebrale di molecole polari ed idrofile, come metodo alternativo non invasivo. Infatti un farmaco capace di depositarsi nella regione olfattiva ha più possibilità di raggiungere il fluido cerebrospinale, per diffusione attraverso la mucosa e da qui può penetrare nel parenchima cerebrale. Il tempo di residenza di un sistema nanoparticellare nella cavità nasale è comunque fortemente limitato dalla clearance mucociliare che porta ad un incompleto assorbimento del farmaco (Vyas et al., 2005). Il TMC, in virtù delle sue proprietà mucoadesive, prolunga il periodo di residenza e aumenta l’assorbimento del farmaco attraverso la mucosa nasale, mediante apertura transitoria delle tight junctions tra le cellule endoteliali di tale mucosa (Trapani et al., 2011). La preparazione delle nanoparticelle è stata eseguita con il metodo della gelazione ionotropica, utilizzando due polielettroliti anionici a differente peso molecolare, il tripolifosfato di sodio (TPP), a basso peso molecolare e l’Alginato di sodio (SA), ad alto peso molecolare. In questo modo è stato possibile ottimizzare le dimensioni e ottenere dei campioni che mostrassero una maggiore stabilità nel tempo anche in dispersione acquosa, nonché con viscosità adatta alle diverse analisi. Le nanoparticelle preparate sono state caratterizzate da un punto di vista dimensionale mediante Light Scattering Dinamico (DLS), mostrando un diametro medio compreso tra 150 e 200 nm, a seconda del tipo di formulazione, indice di polidispersione (PDI) di ~ 0,2 e potenziale zeta () intorno a +40 mV. È stata valutata la stabilità nel tempo delle preparazioni, monitorando la variazione del diametro medio e del PDI per 30 giorni a una temperatura di 4°C. Le sospensioni sono state sottoposte a processo di liofilizzazione con l’ausilio di crioprotettori al fine di ottenere nanoparticelle essiccate. Sono attualmente in corso degli studi atti a valutare l’efficienza e la capacità incapsulante delle formulazioni nanoparticellari e gli studi di rilascio servendosi della metodica HPLC, nonché analisi microscopiche TEM e SEM, al fine di confermare le dimensioni e descrivere la struttura tridimensionale delle nanoparticelle

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of novel arylidenisothiosemicarbazones

Arylidenimidazoles bearing a thioethereal function in the position 2 of the imidazole ring show good antimicrobial activity. We now report on the synthesis and the biological properties of some novel arylidenisothiosemicarbazones, structurally related to the arylideneiminoimidazoles of which they can be considered the linear precursors. Particular attention has been put on the influence of structural modifications on the biological activity

Preparation and characterization of TMC nanoparticles for colon specific drug delivery

Purpose: In the present work we report on the preparation of nanoparticulate systems N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC) based, in which a titrated extract of Boswellia serrata (Boswellin®- BSW) has been enclosed, to be used as model drug for a colon specific drug delivery system. Methods: The synthesis of TMC has been performed through methylation reaction with Methyl iodide in basic medium, carefully modifying reaction steps and conditions in order to reach the desired Degree of Quaternization (DQ). The obtained polymers have been characterized by means of spectroscopic methods (FTIR, NMR and XRD). Water dispersions of TMC have also been submitted to physical- chemical analyses, such as determination of pH, rheological, evaporation-freezing assays and stability studies. TMC nanoparticles loaded BSW (BSW NP) have been prepared through ionotropic gelation method using tripolyphoshate (TPP). Results: TMC dispersions showed to be much stable overtime if compared with the corresponding Chitosan ones. Moreover TMC have been used for the preparation of BSW NP. The obtained BSW NP showed good polydispersity index (PDI), potential and are stable overtime. Particles size, drug loading capacity and efficiency were determined. BSW preliminary release in vitro tests were performed by HPLC. Data showed that BSW has been released from the polymer matrix in a prolonged and controlled manner. Conclusion: TMC could be considered a more promising derivative than chitosan itself for the preparation of NP. Opportunely varying the DQ, nanoparticulate drug delivery systems have been obtained, suitable for the preparation of colon specific drug delivery systems

New cycloalkylpyrazoles as potential cyclooxygenase inhibitors

In this study some cycloalkyl-3-(N-substituted carbamoyl)-1-phenylpyrazoles have been synthesized in order to screen their capability to inhibit human cyclooxygenase. The synthetic pathway is based on the well known property of nitrilimines to undergo 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions. The structures of all the synthesized compounds have been elucidated by means of both analytical and spectroscopic methods. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved