7th Drug hypersensitivity meeting: part two

No abstract availabl

Estufas climatizadas para experimentos ambientais com Rãs, em gaiolas

Foram construídas seis estufas climatizadas, instaladas inicialmente no Ranário Experimental da Universidade Federal de Viçosa e, posteriormente, no Ranário Experimental da Fundação Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, com o objetivo de realizar experimentos para avaliar os efeitos do ambiente sobre o desempenho de rãs em gaiolas de fibra de vidro. Ambientes com temperaturas de 25ºC e fotoperíodo de 12/12 horas de luz/horas de escuridão (h L/E) serviram para adaptação das rãs por 15 dias antes de cada experimento. Os tratamentos consistiram em simular ambientes com temperaturas variando de 20 a 35ºC e fotoperíodos de 8/16, 12/12 e 16/8 h L/E. Foram realizados experimentos com rã-touro (Rana catesbeiana Shaw, 1802) e rã-manteiga (Leptodactylus ocellatus Linnaeus, 1758). Nessas estufas foi possível estimar que: a) os maiores ganhos de peso de rã-touro foram obtidos entre 27,6 e 29,7oC, com melhor crescimento entre 28,2 e 30,1ºC; para rã-manteiga os melhores ganhos e conversão alimentar foram observados a 28,6 e 28ºC, respectivamente; b) a temperatura interage com fotoperíodo sobre o desempenho das rãs e seu desenvolvimento gonadal; c) a 27,7oC (temperatura de conforto térmico) haverá menos rãs dentro d’água; d) a maior temperatura cloacal de rã-touro, 32,1oC no seco e 33,8oC dentro d’água, a 35oC, evidenciou que as rãs se termorregulam; e) os níveis de tetraiodotironina (T4) no plasma decrescem na temperatura de conforto térmico; f) rã-manteiga condiciona-se ao manejo de rotina, reunindo-se ao redor do cocho na hora da alimentaçãoSix acclimatized incubators were initially installed in the Experimental Frog Farm of the Federal University of Viçosa and later in Experimental Frog Farm of the Federal University of Rio Grande, with the objective of accomplishing experiments to evaluate the effects of the environment on frogs performance in cages of fiber glass. Environments with temperatures of 25ºC and photoperiod of 12/12 hours of light/hours of darkness (h L/D) were available to frogs adaptation during 15 days before each experiment. The treatments consisted to simulate environments with temperatures varying from 20 to 35ºC and photoperiods of 8/16, 12/12 and 16/8 h L/D. They were accomplished experiments with bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana Shaw, 1802) and with butterfrog (Leptodactylus ocellatus Linnaeus, 1758). In these incubators it was possible to estimate that: a) the highest weight gain of bullfrog was obtained between 27.6 and 29.7ºC, with better growth between 28.2 and 30.1ºC; for butterfrog the best gain and alimentary conversion were verified at 28.6 and 28ºC, respectively; b) temperature interact with photoperiod affecting the frogs performance and gonadal development; c) at 27.7ºC (temperature of thermal comfort) there will be less frogs inside of water; d) the highest cloacal temperature: 32.1ºC, in the dry part, and 33.8ºC, inside of water, at 35ºC, evidenced the bullfrog thermoregulation; e) the tetraiodotironine (T4) level in the plasm decreases in the temperature of thermal comfort; f) butterfrog was conditioned to the routine handling, coming around feeder at eater tim

Acute effects of resistance exercise and intermittent intense aerobic exercise on blood cell count and oxidative stress in trained middle-aged women

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of an intermittent intense aerobic exercise session and a resistance exercise session on blood cell counts and oxidative stress parameters in middle-aged women. Thirty-four women were selected and divided into three groups: RE group (performing 60 min of resistance exercises, N = 12), spinning group (performing 60 min of spinning, N = 12), and control group (not exercising regularly, N = 10). In both exercise groups, lymphocytes and monocytes decreased after 1-h recuperation (post-exercise) compared to immediately after exercise (P < 0.05). Immediately after exercise, in both exercised groups, a significant increase in TBARS (from 16.5 ± 2 to 25 ± 2 for the spinning group and from 18.6 ± 1 to 28.2 ± 3 nmol MDA/mL serum for the RE group) and protein carbonyl (from 1.0 ± 0.3 to 1.6 ± 0.2 for the spinning group and from 0.9 ± 0.2 to 1.5 ± 0.2 nmol/mg protein for the RE group) was observed (P < 0.05). A decrease in antioxidant activities (non-protein sulfhydryl, superoxide dismutase, catalase) was also demonstrated with a negative correlation between damage markers and antioxidant body defenses (P < 0.05). These results indicate that an acute bout of intermittent or anaerobic exercise induces immune suppression and increases the production of reactive oxygen species, causing oxidative stress in middle-aged and trained women. Furthermore, we demonstrated that trained women show improved antioxidant capacity and lower oxidative damage than sedentary ones, demonstrating the benefits of chronic regular physical activity

Anti-inflammatory and physicochemical characterization of the croton rhamnifolioides essential oil inclusion complex in &#946;-cyclodextrin

Croton rhamnifolioides is used in popular medicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. The objective of this study was to characterize and evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of C. rhamnifolioides essential oil complexed in \u3b2-cyclodextrin (COEFC). The physicochemical characterization of the complexes was performed using different physical methods. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in vivo by ear edema, paw edema, cotton pellet-induced granuloma, and vascular permeability by Evans blue extravasation. The mechanism of action was validated by molecular docking of the major constituent into the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2 enzyme). All doses of the COEFC reduced acute paw edema induced by carrageenan and dextran, as well as vascular permeability. Our results suggest the lowest effective dose of all samples inhibited the response induced by histamine or arachidonic acid as well as the granuloma formation. The complexation process showed that the pharmacological effects were maintained, however, showing similar results using much lower doses. The results demonstrated an involvement of the inhibition of pathways dependent on eicosanoids and histamine. Complexation of \u3b2-cyclodextrin/Essential oil (\u3b2-CD/EO) may present an important tool in the study of new compounds for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs

Consumption of antihypertensive drugs dispensed under the pharmacy benefit management program

Pharmacy benefit management (PBM) programs provide attractive discounts for drug purchase, a relevant measure to address costs, mainly of drugs for the treatment of chronic diseases. This study investigated whether PBM may be used as a tool to provide information about the use of antihypertensive medications when they are purchased. The profile of medicines taken to treat high blood pressure by large IT company employees and their dependents was evaluated from January to December 2009. The mean rate of drug boxes purchased to control hypertension was 9.4 ± 10.0 in 2009. Men purchased more drugs than women. The number of drugs purchased for the treatment of hypertension was lower than expected in all age groups except for individuals aged 54-58 and >59 years. Among men, the purchase of drugs to treat hypertension was higher than expected in the 24-28, 34-38 and 54-58 age groups. Among women, results matched expectations, except for the age group 34-38 years, in which purchase was lower than expected. Individuals in the age group 0-18 years were found to consume antihypertensive drugs. Although the PBM system may be used to identify drugs purchased by users, it does not ensure patient adherence to recommended drug treatment to control hypertension.<br>O objetivo do Programa de Benefícios em Medicamentos (PBM) é proporcionar descontos atraentes para aquisição de medicamentos, um fator relevante para o custo, principalmente no tratamento de doenças crônicas. O objetivo deste estudo é comprovar se o PBM pode ser utilizado como ferramenta para o fornecimento de informações sobre o consumo de medicamentos antihipertensivos através da aquisição dos mesmos. Foi realizada análise do perfil de medicamentos adquiridos para o tratamento de hipertensão arterial sistêmica por funcionários e seus dependentes de uma empresa de grande porte na área de tecnologia de informação (TI) no período compreendido entre janeiro a dezembro de 2009. A taxa de aquisição média de medicamentos para o controle da hipertensão foi de 9,4±10,0 embalagens durante o ano de 2009. Os homens consumiram mais caixas de medicamentos que as mulheres. O número de caixas de medicamentos adquiridas para o tratamento da hipertensão arterial foi abaixo do esperado em todas as faixas de idade, exceto para 54-58 e >59 anos. Entre os homens, a aquisição de caixas de medicamentos para o tratamento da hipertensão arterial foi maior que o esperado nas seguintes faixas de idade: 24-28, 34-38 e 54-58 anos. Entre as mulheres, a aquisição de caixas de medicamentos anti-hipertensivos foi dentro do esperado, exceto para aquelas com idade compreendida entre 34-38 anos que foi abaixo do esperado. Observou-se a existência de consumo de fármacos antihipertensivos na faixa etária de 0-18 anos. Embora o sistema de PBM permita identificar a aquisição de medicamentos anti-hipertensivos por seus usuários, não garante que os pacientes estejam aderidos à terapia medicamentosa recomendada para o controle da hipertensão