Correlações entre características relacionadas ao temperamento em animais da raça Canchim.

O temperamento de um animal representa uma interação complexa entre seu genótipo e o ambiente ao qual está exposto. Medidas de temperamento diferentes e realizadas sob diferentes metodologias podem ser aplicadas aos programas de seleção. O objetivo do trabalho foi obter correlações fenotípicas e de ranking entre reatividade e escores de temperamento relacionados ao deslocamento e à tensão na balança de animais da raça Canchim pertencentes a um programa de melhoramento. Dados de 217 animais da safra 2012 foram avaliados à desmama, na balança, por meio de escores de deslocamento (DES10 e DES20) e de tensão (TEN10 e TEN20) aos 10 e aos 20 segundos e do número e intensidade de movimentos do animal (REAT) quantificados por meio de equipamento e software específicos. As correlações foram obtidas por meio do pacote estatístico SAS, tanto para os dados gerais, quanto por sexo e para os grupos de avaliação (de 1 a 4). De maneira geral, as correlações fenotípicas e de ranking entre REAT, TEN10, TEN20, DES10 e DES20 foram altas e positivas, indicando concordância entre as metodologias na avaliação de animais desmamados da raça Canchim. Outras avaliações serão realizadas em idades posteriores e até a finalização do projeto com outras safras, em 2017

Political leadership and ‘non-traditional’ development cooperation

This article explores the relationships between (so-called) ‘non-traditional’ development cooperation (NTDC) and political leadership. Using the case studies of Brazil and South Korea, we propose that certain emblematic elements of NTDC discourse and practice can act to influence the relationship with political leaders in particular ways. These are (a) elevated language of affect, (b) interleaving of personal biographies with the developmental trajectories of states, (c) the use of NTDC to legitimise domestic policies and promote domestic political leadership, (d) the prominence of presidential diplomacy and (e) the challenges confronting rapidly expanding domestic development cooperation institutions and systems

Marginal adaptation of class V composite restorations submitted to thermal and mechanical cycling

Objective This study evaluated the effect of the margin location and an adhesive system on the marginal adaptation of composite restorations. Material and Methods Class V cavities were prepared in bovine teeth with the gingival margin on the dentin and the incisal margin on the enamel. The cavities were restored with a micro-hybrid composite resin using an etch-and-rinse [Single Bond 2 (SB)] or a self-etching adhesive [Clearfil SE Bond (CL)]. After finishing and polishing the restorations, epoxy replicas were prepared. The marginal adaptation was analyzed using scanning electronic microscopy (SEM, 500 x magnification). The higher gap width in each margin was recorded (T0). After the first evaluation, the samples were submitted to thermal cycling (2,000 cycles of 5°C±2°C followed by 55°C±2°C – T1) and mechanical cycling (100,000 cycles of 50 kN and 2 Hz – T2). Replicas of samples were rebuilt after each cycling and analyzed under SEM. The data were submitted to Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon and Friedman testing (α=0.05). Results The SB presented higher gaps in the dentin than the enamel, while there was no difference between the substrate for the CL. In the dentin, the CL showed better marginal sealing than the SB. The opposite occurred in the enamel. There were no significant differences between the baseline, thermal and mechanical cycling for any experimental condition. Conclusions The outcomes of the present study showed that the adhesive system and margin location have an important effect on the marginal adaptation of composite restorations

Estudo do polimorfismo do gene do hormônio de crescimento em rebanhos da raça Nelore do estado da Bahia.

Título em inglês: Study of the polymorphism of the gene of the hormone of growth in a Nelore breed of the state of the Bahia

Improved timed-mating, non-invasive method using fewer unproven female rats with pregnancy validation via early body mass increases

For studies requiring accurate conception-timing, reliable, efficient methods of detecting oestrus reduce time and costs, whilst improving welfare. Standard methods use vaginal cytology to stage cycle, and breeders are paired–up using approximately five proven females with proven males to achieve at least one conception on a specific day. We describe an alternative, fast, consistent, non-invasive method of timed-mating using detection of lordosis behaviour in Wistar and Lister-Hooded rats that used unproven females with high success rates. Rats under reverse-lighting had body masses recorded pre-mating, day (d) 3-4, d8, d10 and d18 of pregnancy. Using only the presence of the oestrus dance to time-mate females for 24-hrs, 89% Wistar and 88% Lister-Hooded rats successfully conceived. We did not observe behavioural oestrus in Sprague-Dawleys without males present. Significant body mass increases following mating distinguished pregnant from non-pregnant rats, as early as d4 of pregnancy (10% ± 1.0 increase cf 3% ± 1.2). The pattern of increases throughout gestation was similar for all pregnant rats until late pregnancy, when there were smaller increases for primi- and multiparous rats (32% ± 2.5; 25% ± 2.4), whereas nulliparous rats had highest gains (38% ± 1.5). This method demonstrated a distinct refinement of the previous timed-mating common practice used, as disturbance of females was minimised. Only the number required of nulli-, primi- or multiparous rats were mated, and body mass increases validated pregnancy status. This new breeding-management method is now established practice for two strains of rat and resulted in a reduction in animal use