Experimental observation of a complex periodic window

The existence of a special periodic window in the two-dimensional parameter space of an experimental Chua's circuit is reported. One of the main reasons that makes such a window special is that the observation of one implies that other similar periodic windows must exist for other parameter values. However, such a window has never been experimentally observed, since its size in parameter space decreases exponentially with the period of the periodic attractor. This property imposes clear limitations for its experimental detection.Comment: 4.2 pages, 4 figure

DRIS standards for nutritional evaluation of Phaseolus vulgaris in Cerrado, Goiás State, Brazil.

The knowledge of nutritional requirements of beans, the efficiency of soil acidity correction and the fertilization programs are essential to increase productivity. The Integrated Recommendation and Diagnosis System (DRIS) assists with nutritional diagnosis of cultivated plants based on existing interactions between nutrients and the hierarchizing of limitations. This study aimed at establishing standards using the DRIS method for areas of production of irrigated common beans and at determining the most limiting nutritional factors to production using leaf analyses interpreted by concentration ranges and DRIS. Eighteen different beanproducing areas were selected in a central pivot irrigation system, from which 82 sampling points were established to collect leaves of crop and determine their nutritional contents. The reference population had productivity of over 3,000 kg ha- 1. Using DRIS, we determined that phosphorus is the most limiting nutrient regarding its deficiency, with great sensitivity to diagnose nutritional problems of plants, especially micronutrients. Phosphorus (68.3%), molybdenum (65.9%), iron (64.6 %) and sodium (63.4%) and are nutrients with highest percentage of samples presenting levels below adequate according to sufficiency ranges for plants. Using DRIS, we can evaluate interactions among nutrients and determine of the magnitude of crop nutritional limitation whether due to deficiency or excess. These results may indicate which nutrients are limiting the crop productive capacity, allowing greater efficiency in its correction in soil

Índices de crescimento em capim-paraíso sob diferentes idades durante três ciclos de crescimento no litoral cearense.

Resumo: As forrageiras apresentam variação ao longo do seu crescimento, em razão de variação na idade fisiológica e das condições de meio e manejo. Objetivou-se avaliar os índices de crescimento em capim-paraíso em diferentes idades de crescimento (14; 21; 28; 35; 42; 49; 56; 63 e 70 dias) e durante três ciclos (chuvoso, seco 1 e seco 2), num delineamento inteiramente casualizado com medidas repetidas no tempo e duas repetições. Avaliaram-se a taxa de crescimento relativo (TCR), a razão de área foliar (RAF), a razão de peso foliar (RPF) e a área foliar específica (AFE). A interação entre idades de crescimento e ciclos foi significativa para todas as variáveis analisadas, exceto para a AFE. A TCR decresceu com as idades em ambos os ciclos, exceto no ciclo seco 2, com média de 0,0512 g?g-1?dia-1. A RAF e a RPF decresceram com o avanço nas idades. A AFE respondeu positivamente às idades. As idades de crescimento influenciam a dinâmica dos componentes morfofisiológicos do capim-paraíso. [Growth index in paraiso grass under different ages during three growth cycles in coastal Ceara]. Abstract: The forage plants show variation along their growth due to changes in physiological age, environment and management conditions. One aimed to analyze the growth index of paraiso grass, in different growth ages (14; 21; 28; 35; 42; 49; 56; 63 e 70 days) and cycles (rainy, dry 1 and dry 2). A completely randomized design in a split-plot layout with repeated measures and two replicates was adopetd. The relative growth rate (RGR), the leaf area ratio (LAR), the leaf weight ratio (LWR) and the specific leaf area (SLA) were evaluated. An interaction between growth ages and cycles was observed for all variable analyzed, except for SLA. The RGR showed a linear decreased effect in the cycles, except in dry 2 cycles, with an average of 0,0512 g?g-1?day-1. The LAR and LWR decreased along the ages. The SLA presented positive linear effect. The different growth ages influenced the morphofisiological components in paraiso grass

Nanotechnology for the treatment of deep endometriosis: uptake of lipid core nanoparticles by LDL receptors in endometriotic foci

OBJECTIVE: Rapidly dividing cells in multiple types of cancer and inflammatory diseases undergo high low density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake for membrane synthesis, and coupling an LDL-like nanoemulsion, containing lipid nanoparticles (LDE) to a chemotherapeutic agent efficiently targets these cells without significant systemic effects. This was a prospective exploratory study that evaluated the uptake of a radioactively labeled LDE emulsion by receptors of endometriotic foci and the capacity of the LDE for cellular internalization. METHODS: The lipid profile of each patient was determined before surgery, and labeled LDE were injected into fourteen patients with intestinal or nonintestinal endometriosis. The radioactivity of each tissue sample (intestinal endometriosis, nonintestinal endometriosis, healthy peritoneum, or topical endometrium) was measured. RESULTS: The group with intestinal endometriosis presented higher levels of plasma LDL but lower LDE uptake by foci than the nonintestinal group, suggesting less cell division and more fibrosis. The uptake of LDE was highest in the topical endometrium, followed by the healthy peritoneum, and lowest in the endometriotic lesion. Since the endometriotic foci showed significant LDE uptake, there was likely increased consumption of LDL by these cells, similar to cells in cancers and inflammatory diseases. Plasma cholesterol levels had no influence on LDE uptake, which showed that the direct delivery of the nanoemulsion to target tissues was independent of serum lipoproteins. There were no significant differences in the parameters (p40.01) because of the small sample size, but the findings were similar to those of previous studies. CONCLUSION: Nanotechnology is a promising therapeutic option for surgery and hormonal blockage for deep endometriosis, with a lower complication rate and no systemic side effects

Morfogênese de capim-canarana com duas frequências e duas intensidades de desfolhação.

Resumo: Objetivou-se avaliar o fluxo de biomassa do capim-canarana erecta lisa (Echinochloa pyramidalis LAM.) pastejado por novilhas leiteiras num delineamento em blocos casualizados com cinco repetições (piquetes) e arranjo fatorial 2 x 2 (frequência e intensidade). As frequências de desfolhação (FD) corresponderam à intercepção de 85 e 95% da radiação fotossinteticamente ativa e as intensidades de desfolhação (ID) corresponderam aos índices de área foliar residual 1,0 e 2,0. Foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: a taxas de alongamento foliar (TAlF) e das hastes (TAlH), a razão entre a taxa de alongamento da folha 1 e da folha 2 (TAlF1/TAlF2), taxa de senescência total (TST), o número de folhas vivas (NFV), o número de folhas totais (NFT); o tempo de vida da folha (TVF); a taxa de aparecimento da folha (TApF) e a taxa de acúmulo da cultura (TAC). A TAlF1/TAlF2, TAlF, TAlH e TST não foram influenciada pelas FD e ID, mas aumentaram com os ciclos. A TApF foi maior na FD de 85% em relação a FD de 95%. O capim-canarana pastejado por novilhas deve ser manejado com frequência de desfolhação de 95% de interceptação da radiação fotossinteticamente ativa associada a um índice de área foliar residual de 2,0. Abstract: To evaluate the biomass flow of canarana grass erecta lisa (Echinochloa pyramidalis LAM.) grazed by dairy heifers, this study was conduct. It was a complete randomized block design with five replicates (paddocks) and a factorial arrangement 2 x 2 (frequency and intensity). The defoliation frequencies (DF) corresponded to interception from 85 and 95% of photosynthetic active radiation, and the defoliation intensity (DI) corresponded to the residual leaf area index 1,0 and 2,0. Were evaluated: leaf elongation rate (LER), and stem (SER), the elongation rate of the leaf 1/elongation rate of the leaf 2 (ERL1/ERL2), leaf total senescence rate (LTSR), leafs live number (LLN) and total leafs number (TLN), life leaf time (LLT), leaf appearance rate (LAR) and crop accumulation rate (CAR). The ERL1/ERL2, LER, SER and LTSR were not influenced by DF and DI but increased with cycles. LAR was higher in DF than 85% in relation to DF of 95%. Canarana grass grazed by heifers should be managed with a frequency of 95% defoliation of the photosynthetically active radiation associated with a residual leaf area index of 2,0

Dinâmica de perfilhamento em capim-massai adubado com nitrogênio e pastejado por ovinos.

Resumo: Avaliou-se a dinâmica de perfilhamento do capim-massai sob lotação rotativa com ovinos e adubado com nitrogênio (controle - 0; 400; 800 e 1200 kg N?ha-1?ano-1), num delineamento inteiramente casualizado com medidas repetidas no tempo. As taxa de aparecimento, sobrevivência e mortalidade perfilhos responderam crescentemente às doses de nitrogênio, com as duas primeiras taxas revelando ligeira variação entre os períodos de avaliação. Constatou-se resposta quadrática, alcançando valores máximos com o incremento das doses de nitrogênio para a taxa de florescimento de perfilhos, (0,051 perfilhos?100 perfilhos-1?dia-1, respectivamente) nas doses 613,5 kg de N?ha-1?ano-1, respectivamente. Para a taxa de florescimento, verificou-se oscilação entre os períodos de avaliação. A adubação nitrogenada proporciona mudanças positivas na dinâmica de perfilhamento do capim-massai. Tillering dynamics in massai grass fertilized with nitrogen and grazed by sheep. Abstract: The tillering dynamics in massai grass subjected to different nitrogen (N) fertilization levels (control - 0; 400; 800 and 1200 kg N?ha-1?year-1) and under rotational stocking with sheep was evaluated. A completely randomized design with measurements repeated in time was adopted. The tiller appearance, survival and mortality rates were increased with the nitrogen levels, with the two rate revealing slight variation between the periods of evaluation. There was showed quadratic response reaching maximum values with increasing levels of nitrogen for tillers flowering rate (0.051 tillers?100 tillers-1?day-1, respectively) for levels 613.5 kg of N?ha-1?year-1, respectively. For the flowering rate and reproductive basal tillers population density was differences observed between the evaluation periods. The nitrogen fertilization provide positive responses to the tillering dynamics of massai grass

Densidade e estrutura do resíduo pós-pastejo em capim-massai adubado com nitrogênio e pastejado por ovinos.

Resumo: Somando-se ao suprimento nutricional, em especial a adubação nitrogenada, é imperativo o monitoramento rigoroso da condição residual do pasto. Objetivou-se avaliar a densidade e a estrutura do resíduo pós-pastejo em capim-massai adubado com N (0; 400; 800 e 1200 kg de N?ha-1?ano-1) e pastejado por ovinos num delineamento inteiramente casualizado com medidas repetidas no tempo. A elevação das doses de N influenciou as variáveis: densidade total de forragem residual, de forragem verde residual, de colmo verde residual, a relação lâmina foliar/colmo e o índice de qualidade da biomassa residual. Os ciclos de pastejo não exerceram alterações sobre a relação material vivo/material morto residual e densidade de forragem verde residual, sendo as demais variáveis modificadas pelos ciclos. A adubação nitrogenada proporciona respostas positivas sobre a densidade e estrutura do resíduo pós-pastejo do capim-massai. After grazing canopy structure and density of massai grass fertilized with nitrogen and grazed by sheep. Abstract: In addition to the nutrient supply, especially nitrogen, it is imperative to monitor carefully the residual condition of grass. To evaluate after grazing canopy structure and density of massai grass fertilized with nitrogen (0, 400, 800 and 1200 kg N?ha-1?year-1) and grazed by sheep in a completely randomized design with repeated measurements over time, this research was conducted. The nitrogen levels influenced the variables: residual total herbage density, residual green herbage density, residual green stem density, leaf/culm ratio and residual biomass quality index. The grazing cycles did not exert changes on the residual alive/senescent relation and residual green herbage density, being the others variables modified by the cycles. The nitrogen provides positive responses on after grazing canopy structure and density of massai grass

Modelling \u3ci\u3eLeucaena\u3c/i\u3e Biomass Under Rainfed Production Systems of Semiarid Regions

The climatic variability of semiarid regions is the main source of uncertainties associated with forage and animal production, indicating a need for tools that accurately estimate forage production in order to construct a forage budgeting plan for livestock. This study simulated the biomass of Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) using the PHYGROW model in four locations located in Brazilian Semiarid. The work was carried out based on field data collected from 2019 to 2021. After sowing in 2018, leucaena was harvested when it reached 200 cm and to a target residual height of 70 cm. The biomass (fresh matter) was weighed, sampled and dried to obtain the total forage biomass (BFT) of each sample. The BFT was also estimated using the PHYGROW model, with field data being used to parameterize, calibrate and validate the model. The model performance, in turn, was evaluated based on the mean forecast error (BIAS %), root mean square error (RMSE) and Willmott index. Afterwards, a BFT time series was downloaded for each location, with the highest biomass simulated for each year being evaluated in the @Risk regarding their probability distribution. Thereafter, probability calculations of biomass production were performed, based on different levels of warranty in SigmaPlot software (11.0). The model underestimated the BFT collected in two locations and overestimated BFT in the others. The Weibull function was the best one to describe the data. Regarding biomass production under a 95% natural warranty, it was observed that leucaena showed low variation among locations (2240 ± 752 kg of DM ha-1 year-1 ). The PHYGROW model accurately predicted the leucaena BFT which, in turn, demonstrated significant adaptation potential to the various soil and climate conditions of Brazilian Semiarid. The use of probability analysis can contribute to forage planning, thus reducing the uncertainties related to climate variability, especially in rainfed production systems of dry areas

Accumulation and export of nutrients in cactus pear cladodes (Opuntia ficus-indica) under different managements in the Brazilian Semiarid.

Abstract: The present study evaluated the accumulation and export of nutrients in cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) cv. Gigante, fertilized with combinations of nitrogen (10, 70, 100, 130, and 190 kg ha -1 year -1 N) and phosphorus (10, 70, 100, 130, and 190 kg ha -1 year -1 P2O5) under annual and biennial harvests, in Quixadá and Tejuçuoca, using a split-plot randomized block design with four replications. In Quixadá, under annual and biennial harvests, the following orders of accumulation of macronutrients (in kg ha -1 year -1) were found, respectively: K (98.8) > Ca (87.2) > N (46.7) > Mg (26.8) > S (18.4) > P (2.04) and Ca (33.5) > K (31.1) > S (18.6) > N (12.9) > Mg (10.5) > P (0.81). In Tejuçuoca, under annual and biennial harvests, the orders of accumulation of macronutrients were, respectively: K (146.5) > Ca (204.6) > N (128.1) > Mg (75.8) > S (50.3) > P (3.7) and K (397.2) > N (191.3) > S (241.2) > Ca (167.8) > Mg (131.0) > P (14.1). The maintenance/production fertilization in cactus pear should be planned according to productive potential, fertilization and harvest managements, and cultivation region, based on nutritional requirement and considering the nutrient recovery efficiency