Pleomorphic adenoma with extensive squamous metaplasia and keratin cyst formations in minor salivary gland: a case report

Pleomorphic adenoma (PA), the most common salivary gland tumor, accounts for 54 to 65% of all salivary gland neoplasias and 80% of the benign salivary gland tumors. It most frequently affects the parotid gland, followed by the submandibular and the minor salivary glands. Microscopically, mucous, sebaceous, oncocytic and squamous metaplasia, sometimes with the formation of keratin pearls, may be present, but the latter rarely results in the formation of extensive keratin-flled cysts lined by squamous epithelium. Extensive squamous metaplasia can be mistaken for malignancy, including mucoepidermoid carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Here, we present an unusual case of PA with extensive squamous metaplasia and keratin cyst formations in a minor salivary gland, and discuss its microscopic features, including the immunohistochemical characteristics, and differential diagnosis of this uncommon presentation

INDICADORES DE MORBIMORTALIDADE DA COVID-19 EM MUNICÍPIO DE PEQUENO PORTE DO ESTADO DA BAHIA

Objective: Analyzing morbidity and mortality data on COVID-19 in the city of Pindobaçu, Bahia, in the period of March August 2021. Methods: This is an epidemiological study, with aggregated data, collected in two periods, in the GEOCOVID 19 and transparency Bahia portals, presented through indicators of morbidity and mortality, disease progression rate, effective reproduction rate and vaccination. Results: The moving average grew from 1 to 1.43; the cases accumulated in five months set a growth percentage of 16.2%. Mortality per 100,000 inhabitants from 134.34 rose to 154.24 and the lethality rate increased by 11.16%. The rate of evolution of deaths is negative (-100%) and only 18.93% of the population is vaccinated with two doses. The projection of cases for one month after the analyzed period, in relation to cases per day and moving average, indicates that the city will not have any new cases. Conclusion: The indicators point to a stabilization in new cases and deaths. As decisions related to coping with the pandemic were adopted late by city management through the implementation of social isolation measures and immunization actions require intensification for the effective control of COVID-19. It is suggested that further studies can be conducted using the GEOCOVID Portal and, thus, other epidemiological situations are evidenced in the state.Objetivo: Analisar dados de morbimortalidade sobre a COVID-19 do Município de Pindobaçu, Bahia, no período de março a agosto de 2021. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico, com dados agregados, coletados em dois períodos, nos portais GEOCOVID 19 e Transparência Bahia, apresentados por meio de indicadores da morbimortalidade, taxa de evolução da doença, taxa de reprodução efetiva e vacinação. Resultados: A média móvel cresceu, saindo de 1 para 1,43; os casos acumulados em cinco meses configuraram um percentual de crescimento de 16,2%. A mortalidade por cem mil habitantes que era de 134,34 subiu para 154,24 e a taxa de letalidade apresentou crescimento de 11,16%. A taxa de evolução de óbitos encontra-se negativa (-100%) e apenas 18,93% da população encontra-se vacinada com duas doses. A projeção de casos para um mês após o período analisado, em relação aos casos por dia e média móvel, indica que o município não terá nenhum caso novo. Conclusão: Os indicadores apontam para uma estabilização nos casos novos e óbitos. As decisões relacionadas ao enfrentamento da pandemia foram adotadas tardiamente pela gestão municipal por meio da implementação de medidas de isolamento social e as ações de imunização necessitam de intensificação para o efetivo controle da COVID-19. Sugere-se que novos estudos possam ser realizados utilizando-se o Portal GEOCOVID e, assim, outras situações epidemiológicas sejam evidenciadas no estado

Access to Oral Health Actions According to Social and Individual Determinants

Objective: To investigate the socioeconomic, demographic and health needs that influence the access to oral health actions. Material and Methods: The sample consisted of 609 individuals who lived in areas covered by the Family Health Strategy in a city of the Northeast of Brazil. All individuals living in areas covered by the FHS with age equal to or higher than six years were included. Data analysis included descriptive, bivariate and multivariate statistics using decision-tree based Chi-squared automatic interaction detection (CHAID). Results: Most participants were female, aged 25-34 years, ranging in age from 6 to 87 years. It was evidenced that, among the studied variables, the most relevant for understanding the access to oral health actions were: age (p<0.001), educational level (p-value in Node 1 = 0.009; p-value in Node 7 = 0.005) and self-perception of oral health (p=0.001). Conclusion: The results suggest that access to oral health actions is influenced by several social and individual factors, and it is marked by inequalities that favor individuals with higher educational level, better self-perception of oral health and lower age groups

Composição química e de fatores antinutricionais de frutos de bocaiuva

Muitos frutos regionais são usados na elaboração de produtos alimentícios, no entanto ainda são poucos os trabalhos científcos a respeito de suas características químicas e do valor nutritivo. Este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a qualidade nutricional da polpa e da amêndoa de bocaiuva (Acrocomia aculeata ( Jacq.) Lodd.). As análises de umidade, proteína, lipídios, açúcares, fbra alimentar e cinzas foram realizadas utilizandose metodologias consagradas na literatura especializada. Os minerais e os aminoácidos foram quantifcados analiticamente e o valor energético total foi estimado conforme os valores de conversão de Atwater. Os fatores antinutricionais foram determinados somente para a amêndoa do fruto. Os resultados das médias da análise centesimal da polpa e amêndoa de bocaiuva foram, em g.100g-1: umidade de 49,20 e 12,1, proteína de 3,34 e 15,80, lipídeos de 30,38 e 55,55, cinzas 3,26 e 2,00, carboidratos totais de 9,31 e 1,11 e fbra alimentar 24,30 e 15,57, respectivamente. O valor calórico total é de 418,74 e 593,71 kcal.100g-1 para polpa e amêndoa, respectivamente. Nas amêndoas, não foram encontrados inibidores de tripsina, quimotripsina e presença de lectinas. A polpa apresentou todos os aminoácidos essenciais e a amêndoa apresentou a treonina como o aminoácido limitante. Quanto aos minerais, a polpa e a amêndoa apresentaram valores consideráveis, de ferro, cálcio e zinco. Os frutos da bocaiuva podem ser fontes alternativas de nutrientes. Sugere-se, pois, sua utilização em produtos alimentícios valorizando o uso de frutos nativos na formulação de novos produtos

Sesame and flaxseed oil: nutritional quality and effects on serum lipids and glucose in rats

This study evaluated the nutritional value of sesame and flaxseed oils and their effects on the lipid and glucose profile of rats fed diets containing different fat combinations. Fatty acid composition, refractive index, and iodine and saponification values were analyzed to characterize the oils. In the biological assay, Wistar rats were fed different diets, whose fat composition consisted of varying combinations of flaxseed oil, sesame oil, and animal fat. The primary constituents of the sesame oil were oleic (28.6%), linoleic (28.4%), and lauric acid (14.6%); for the flaxseed oil they were alpha-linolenic (39.90%), oleic (17.97%) and linoleic acid (12.25%). The iodine and saponification values of the oils were within the reference range. Rats fed flaxseed oil-based diets had the lowest serum cholesterol values, whereas rats fed diets with flaxseed oil + sesame oil + animal fat had the highest glucose levels. HDL levels decreased significantly with flaxseed oil. Sesame and flaxseed oils are sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and the flaxseed oil-based diet had a hypocholesterolemic effect, whereas sesame oil showed oxidative stability since it contains high levels of monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio