Uma Índia na Tijuca - Concepções, imaginações da Índia a partir de um centro espírita carioca

Introdução Em 1978, foi lançada a primeira edição do livro Orientalismo, de Edward Said, considerado um marco na literatura conhecida como pós-colonial. Em sua obra, Said analisa a produção de conhecimento do Ocidente sobre o Oriente como um discurso que legitima a condição hegemônica do primeiro sobre o segundo. Muito influenciado por Foucault, Said parte do pressuposto de que o produtor de determinado saber olha para determinado objeto de acordo com o contexto social que  está inserido, o q..

Avaliação de duas curvas de resfriamento para sêmen eqüino

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Implant insertion angle and depth : peri-implant bone stress analysis by the finite element method

The study aimed to assess the influence of different implant insertion angles and depths on the stresses produced on the surface of peri-implant bone tissue under axial and oblique loading. The entire study followed the recommendations of the Checklist

Effects of physical exercise on the prevention and treatment of ischemia injuries: a literature review

Introdução: Em 2013 mais de 17,3 milhões de mortes/ano foram causadas por doenças cardiovasculares, acompanhado de uma estimativa de mais de 23,6 milhões de mortes para 2030, representando a maior causa global de morte. Objetivo: Esta revisão de literatura tem como objetivo a sistematização do conhecimento acerca dos efeitos do exercício físico como medida de prevenção e/ou tratamento em lesões causadas por isquemia, a fim de instigar novas pesquisas e contribuir para a disseminação de informação atual. Metodologia: Este estudo constitui uma revisão bibliográfica de caráter analítico dos estudos a respeito dos efeitos do exercício físico como medida de prevenção e tratamento de lesões causados por isquemia nos tecidos de animais submetidos a experimentação científica, em que foram coletados 99 artigos a partir de uma busca nas bases de dados Pubmed, SciELO e Lilacs com os descritores: “ischemia”, “exercise”, “rats” e “muscle”. Resultados e Conclusão: A atual literatura aponta para um consenso acerca dos efeitos cardioprotetores e neuroprotetores do atividade física, com ênfase no aumento da resistência contra agentes oxidantes, melhoria no processo de angiogênese, maior resistência contra acidificação do meio, melhoria no processo de cardiomiogênese, e apresenta as vias de sinalização moleculares que possivelmente explicam os efeitos advindos do exercício físico nas suas mais diferentes intensidades.Introduction: In 2013, more than 17.3 million deaths / year were caused by cardiovascular diseases, accompanied by an estimate of more than 23.6 million deaths by 2030, registering the largest global cause of death. Objective: This literature review aims to systematize knowledge about the effects of physical exercise such as measuring and / or treating injuries caused by ischemia, in order to instigate new research and contribute to the dissemination of current information. Methodology: This study analyzed a bibliographic review of an analytical nature of the studies and respect for the effects of physical exercise, as a treatment and treatment measure for injuries caused by ischemia in tissues of scientific experimentation animals, in which 99 articles were collected from a search in the Pubmed, SciELO and Lilacs databases with the descriptors: “ischemia”, “exercise”, “mice” and “muscle”. Results and Conclusion: The current literature points to a consensus on the cardioprotective and neuroprotective effects of physical exercise, with increased resistance against oxidants, improvement in the angiogenesis process, greater resistance against acidification of the environment, improvement in the cardiomyogenesis process, and presents as molecular signaling pathways that can explain the advanced effects of physical exercise in its different intensities

Study on the zoonotic cycle of tegumentary leishmaniasis in an endemic area of a metropolitan region in the Northeastern region of Brazil

This study was conducted to characterize the transmission cycle of the tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) in an old colonization area at Pernambuco State, Brazil. The aims were to identify autochthonous cases, sandflies fauna, domestic animals as possible reservoir hosts and the Leishmania species involved in this endemic area. A total of 168 suspected human cases of TL and 272 domestic animals (canine, feline, equine, goat, and sheep) were included. The sandflies were captured and identified by species. Patients were predominantly male and the average age was 37+18.1 years old. Of 85 patients who had skin lesions, 25.6% of them had direct positive smears for TL and 34 isolates were identified as Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. The confirmation for TL diagnosed by molecular detection (PCR) was almost three times more sensitive than the direct test [p < 0.001; PR = 2.72] associated with clinical examination. The Kappa test on PCR between two different specimens, biopsy, and skin lesion swab was 60.8% (p < 0.001). More than 200 specimens of sandflies (80 males and 159 females) were captured and identified as Lutzomyia whitmani (99.6%) and Lu. evandroi (0.4%). The detection of L. (V.) braziliensis by Real-Time PCR in the blood of a captured fed female was positive in 59.3% of Lu. whitmani. Of the 272 domestic animals included, 61.76% were male (n = 168). Thirty-six animals (13.2%) had lesions compatible with TL (34 dogs, 1 cat and 1 sheep) and 3 of them, all dogs, had lesions on the snout, showing destruction of cartilage and mucosa. The study suggests the participation of domestic animals as possible reservoirs. However, further studies are necessary to better understand the transmission cycle and take recommended measures in order to control the disease

Leishmaniose mucocutânea em paciente com antecedente de infecção disseminada: relato de caso

As leishmanioses constituem um conjunto de síndromes clínicas causadas pelas diversas espécies do parasita intracelular obrigatório do gênero Leishmania. Trata-se de uma zoonose transmitida por insetos-vetores do gênero Lutzomyia, a reservatórios naturais, representados por um conjunto de animais silvestres e domésticos. A doença tem registro anual de 1 a 1,5 milhão de casos e com cerca de 350 milhões de pessoas habitando áreas risco para transmissão ativa do parasita. O Brasil ganha destaque no cenário da doença na América Latina; os casos estão distribuídos em todo território nacional, sendo as regiões Norte e Nordeste do país as mais afetadas. A Leishmaniose mucocutânea ou mucosa (LM) é uma entidade rara, potencialmente grave e de grande morbidade. Usualmente costuma-se observar lesões de mucosa em pacientes que foram afetados pela forma exclusivamente cutânea da doença. A doença é caracterizada por lesões envolvendo, principalmente, superfícies mucosas do nariz e oral, com ou sem perfuração de septo nasal. Em 90% dos casos de lesão na mucosa nasal, apenas o septo nasal anterior é afetado. Além de que, apresentações clinicamente atípicas não são infrequentes tendo em vista que diversos fatores relacionados ao parasita, ao hospedeiro e à resposta imunológica são relevantes para a lesão de mucosa.  O presente trabalho, objetiva relatar um caso de leishmaniose cutânea com provável evolução subclínica e reativação tardia sob a forma de LM

Biomass Accumulation and Cell Wall Structure of Rice Plants Overexpressing a Dirigent-Jacalin of Sugarcane (ShDJ) Under Varying Conditions of Water Availability

A sugarcane gene encoding a dirigent-jacalin, ShDJ, was induced under drought stress. To elucidate its biological function, we integrated a ShDJ-overexpression construction into the rice Nipponbare genome via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Two transgenic lines with a single copy gene in T0 were selected and evaluated in both the T1 and T4 generations. Transgenic lines had drastically improved survival rate under water deficit conditions, at rates close to 100%, while WT did not survive. Besides, transgenic lines had improved biomass production and higher tillering under water deficit conditions compared with WT plants. Reduced pectin and hemicellulose contents were observed in transgenic lines compared with wild-type plants under both well-watered and water deficit conditions, whereas cellulose content was unchanged in line #17 and reduced in line #29 under conditions of low water availability. Changes in lignin content under water deficit were only observed in line #17. However, improvements in saccharification were found in both transgenic lines along with changes in the expression of OsNTS1/2 and OsMYB58/63 secondary cell wall biosynthesis genes. ShDJ-overexpression up-regulated the expression of the OsbZIP23, OsGRAS23, OsP5CS, and OsLea3 genes in rice stems under well-watered conditions. Taken together, our data suggest that ShDJ has the potential for improving drought tolerance, plant biomass accumulation, and saccharification efficiency

Avanços na Profilaxia Pós-Exposição ao HIV: Uma Revisão Abrangente de Regimes Terapêuticos e Desenvolvimentos Recentes

This research project aims to conduct a critical analysis of the literature on therapeutic regimens for post-exposure prophylaxis to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The literature review will span the last decade and be carried out on renowned databases such as SciELO, PubMed, LILACS, and Cochrane Library. Using relevant descriptors such as Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), prophylaxis, antiretroviral therapy, diagnosis, and treatment, the research will seek observational studies, case-control studies, prospective studies, and government documents. The review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the technical evolution over time, efficacy, safety, tolerability, and major divergences in post-exposure prophylaxis regimens for HIV. The study is relevant to update healthcare professionals and individuals at risk about the latest practices in this field, contributing to the effective prevention of HIV infection.Este projeto de pesquisa tem como objetivo realizar uma análise crítica da literatura sobre os regimes terapêuticos para a profilaxia pós-exposição ao vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV). A revisão bibliográfica abrangerá o período dos últimos dez anos e será conduzida nas bases de dados SciELO, PubMed, LILACS e Cochrane Library. Utilizando descritores relevantes como Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida (AIDS), prophylaxis, antiretroviral therapy, diagnóstico e tratamento, a pesquisa buscará estudos observacionais, estudos caso-controle, estudos prospectivos e documentos governamentais. A revisão visa fornecer uma visão abrangente sobre a evolução técnica ao longo do tempo, eficácia, segurança, tolerabilidade e principais divergências nos regimes de profilaxia pós-exposição ao HIV. O estudo tem relevância para atualizar profissionais de saúde e indivíduos em risco sobre as práticas mais recentes nesse campo, contribuindo assim para a prevenção efetiva da infecção pelo HIV

Comparative Genomic Analysis of Human Fungal Pathogens Causing Paracoccidioidomycosis

Paracoccidioides is a fungal pathogen and the cause of paracoccidioidomycosis, a health-threatening human systemic mycosis endemic to Latin America. Infection by Paracoccidioides, a dimorphic fungus in the order Onygenales, is coupled with a thermally regulated transition from a soil-dwelling filamentous form to a yeast-like pathogenic form. To better understand the genetic basis of growth and pathogenicity in Paracoccidioides, we sequenced the genomes of two strains of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Pb03 and Pb18) and one strain of Paracoccidioides lutzii (Pb01). These genomes range in size from 29.1 Mb to 32.9 Mb and encode 7,610 to 8,130 genes. To enable genetic studies, we mapped 94% of the P. brasiliensis Pb18 assembly onto five chromosomes. We characterized gene family content across Onygenales and related fungi, and within Paracoccidioides we found expansions of the fungal-specific kinase family FunK1. Additionally, the Onygenales have lost many genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism and fewer genes involved in protein metabolism, resulting in a higher ratio of proteases to carbohydrate active enzymes in the Onygenales than their relatives. To determine if gene content correlated with growth on different substrates, we screened the non-pathogenic onygenale Uncinocarpus reesii, which has orthologs for 91% of Paracoccidioides metabolic genes, for growth on 190 carbon sources. U. reesii showed growth on a limited range of carbohydrates, primarily basic plant sugars and cell wall components; this suggests that Onygenales, including dimorphic fungi, can degrade cellulosic plant material in the soil. In addition, U. reesii grew on gelatin and a wide range of dipeptides and amino acids, indicating a preference for proteinaceous growth substrates over carbohydrates, which may enable these fungi to also degrade animal biomass. These capabilities for degrading plant and animal substrates suggest a duality in lifestyle that could enable pathogenic species of Onygenales to transfer from soil to animal hosts.National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U.S.)National Institutes of Health. Department of Health and Human Services (contract HHSN266200400001C)National Institutes of Health. Department of Health and Human Services(contract HHSN2722009000018C)Brazil. National Council for Scientific and Technological Developmen