Intensity Stability Comparison Between Different Colors of Laser Pointer

Different source of light can be used as a main light source in an open path optical method. Sunlight, tungsten lamp, LED, laser, mercury vapor lamp and halogen are the example of the light source.  It is important to test the stability of the light source used to avoid inaccuracy in the measurement. The purpose of this project is to determine which color of laser has higher stability. Once the light is switched on, the intensity of the light source changes slowly until it comes to a stable state. Each color has different counts of intensity and stability. Different set of laser pointer is used in this project which included blue, violet, red and green color. An open path optical method is used in the experiment. A different color of laser pointer will be used as a light source while spectrometer will act as a detector. The stability for each color of laser pointer is reported in this paper

Intensity Stability Comparison Between Different Colors of Laser Pointer

Different source of light can be used as a main light source in an open path optical method. Sunlight, tungsten lamp, LED, laser, mercury vapor lamp and halogen are the example of the light source.  It is important to test the stability of the light source used to avoid inaccuracy in the measurement. The purpose of this project is to determine which color of laser has higher stability. Once the light is switched on, the intensity of the light source changes slowly until it comes to a stable state. Each color has different counts of intensity and stability. Different set of laser pointer is used in this project which included blue, violet, red and green color. An open path optical method is used in the experiment. A different color of laser pointer will be used as a light source while spectrometer will act as a detector. The stability for each color of laser pointer is reported in this paper

Control of an Underactuated Double-Pendulum Overhead Crane using Improved Model Reference Command Shaping: Design, Simulation and Experiment

This paper presents a new control scheme based on model reference command shaping (MRCS) for an overhead crane, with double-pendulum mechanism effects. The approach has an advantage in achieving an accurate trolley positioning, with low hook and payload oscillations, under various desired trolley positions and parameter uncertainties, without the requirement for measurement or estimation of system parameters. These are challenging in practice. The previously developed MRCS algorithm is improved in order to reduce its design complexity, as well as to ensure that it can be augmented with a feedback controller so that a concurrent controller tuning can be realised. The combined MRCS and feedback controller is used to achieve both, precise trolley positioning, and low hook and payload oscillations. To evaluate the effectiveness and the robustness of the approach, simulations and experiments using a nonlinear model and a laboratory double-pendulum crane are carried out. Under various desired positions and parameter uncertainties that involve varying the cable lengths (payload hoisting) and the payload mass variations, the superiority of the proposed approach is confirmed by achieving higher hook and payload oscillation reductions when compared with a recently proposed feedback controller. In addition, the desired trolley positions are achieved with smoother responses

New Media and Islamic Knowledge Acquisition of Muslim

The Islamic knowledge acquisition of Muslims is the most important issue for them in maintaining their Muslim identity. However, new media development in the 21st century has provided alternative channels for knowledge acquisition, especially Muslim minority groups. This review paper investigates the relationship between new media and knowledge acquisition, and particularly, new media and Islamic knowledge acquisition. Based on the literature review, the researcher also proposed a research agenda for future studies

KONSTRUKSI SOSIAL KEKERASAN DAN VANDALISME MAHASISWA 01 KOTA MAKASSAR

Studi ini bennaksud mengeksplorasi, memahami, serta memberikan rekomendasi tentang fenomena unjuk kekuatan yang mengedepankan nilai-nilai kekerasan. Kekerasan mahasiswa di Makassar muneul akibat dari kekuatan solidaritas internal dalam fakultas maupun mahasiswa sebagai kekuatan kolektif yang sering terlihat dari aksi-aksinya turun ke jalan. Mahasiswa sebagai mesin kekerasan bukan sesuatu yang berada di luar diri mahasiwa, tetapi mesin itu diciptakan dan digunakan oleh mahasiswa unt_!k membunyikan berbagai realitas (ketimpangan, kesenjangan, ketidak-adilan). Berbagai realitas sosial, budaya, ekonomi maupun politik yang tidak sesuai dengan pemahaman atau persepsi mahasiswa diartikulasikan dengan kekerasan dan vanadalisme. Melakukan kekerasan dan perusakan menjadi pilihan rasional sebagai cara untuk memecahkan setiap persoalan yang ada. Perbedaan habitus terkait dengan posisi mahasiswa dalam kehidupan sosiaJ dan konteksnya, tidak setiap mahasiswa memiJiki kebiasaan yang sarna. Bagi mahasiswa yang memiliki kemampuanldaya nalar yang tinggi diasumsikan memiliki cara pandang, sikap, dan perilaku yang berbeda dengan mahasiswa yang lebih mengutamakan emosi dan egonya dalam memahami dan menafsirkan realitas politik yang ada di sekitarnya

Design of 2x2 U-shape MIMO slot antennas with EBG material for mobile handset applications.

yesA compact dual U-shaped slot PIFA antenna with Electromagnetic Bandgap (EBG) material on a relatively low dielectric constant substrate is presented. Periodic structures have found to reduce mutual coupling and decrease the separation of antenna and ground plane. A design with EGB material suitable for a small terminal mobile handset operating at 2.4 GHz was studied. Simulated and measured scattering parameters are compared for U-shaped slot PIFA antenna with and without EBG structures. An evaluation of MIMO antennas is presented, with analysis of the mutual coupling, correlation coefficient, total active reflection coefficient (TARC), channel capacity and capacity loss. The proposed antenna meets the requirements for practical application within a mobile handset.Electronics and Telecommunication

Morphological response of Cherok Paloh estuaries towards the occurrence of Typhoon Rai

Erosion is an alarming issue that affects the livelihood of coastal communities and the natural habitat. The permanent loss of land can alter the suitability of an environment for a species to thrive. This study aims to illustrate the effect of extreme conditions induced by Typhoon Rai, that occurred on the 11 to 21 December 2021, along the Cherok Paloh estuaries which is also a known breeding habitat for the Horseshoe Crab (Tachypleus gigas). Both XBeach and Delft 3D were implemented in this study as to simulate the impacts and extreme conditions induced by Typhoon Rai. XBeach, a coastal response model developed to simulate the nearshore and coastal processes as a 2-HD open-source process, which includes shore wave propagation, sediment transport, flow and bathymetry changes. The event is tested using the 1D model, and the sensitivity analysis is done using the error indicator of Brier Skill Score (BSS). The sensitivity was tested using various morphological parameters of facua, wetslp and dryslp, which then has been compared with the final beach profile to calculate the BSS. This in turn, is replicated to the other 1D profile of Cherok Paloh Beach. When the default values of said parameters were used, the simulation indicated an overestimation in erosion volume. As per the result obtained from the BSS, the best model was obtained by changing the calibration parameters of facua and wetsl

Efficient control of a nonlinear double-pendulum overhead crane with sensorless payload motion using an improved PSO-tuned PID controller

This paper proposes an efficient PID control of a highly nonlinear double-pendulum overhead crane without the need for a payload motion feedback signal. Optimal parameters of the PID controllers are tuned by using an improved particle swarm optimisation (PSO) algorithm based on vertical distance oscillations and potential energy of the crane. In contrast to a commonly used PSO algorithm based on a horizontal distance, the approach resulted in an efficient performance with a less complex controller. To test the effectiveness of the approach, extensive simulations are carried out under various crane operating conditions involving different payload masses and cable lengths. Simulation results show that the proposed controller is superior with a better trolley position response, and lower hook and payload oscillations as compared to the previously developed PSO-tuned PID controller. In addition, the controller provides a satisfactory performance without the need for a payload motion feedback signal