A literature review and case report of hand, foot and mouth disease in an immunocompetent adult

Background: to report an uncommon case of hand, foot and mouth disease, (HFMD) in an immunocompetent adult; a highly infectious disease, characterized by the appearance of vesicles on the mouth, hands and feet, associated with coxsackieviruses and enteroviruses; including a literature review. Case report: a 23 year Caucasian male with no medical or surgical history, no allergies, was not taking any medication and smoked ten cigarettes a day, suffering from discomfort in the oral cavity; itching, burning and pain when swallowing associated with small erythematous lesions located on the hard palate, and small ulcers in tonsillar pillars and right buccal mucosa. Mild fever of 37.8 °C and general malaise. The patient reported he had had contact with a child diagnosed with HFMD. From his background and symptoms, the patient was diagnosed with HFMD. Following symptomatic treatment, the symptoms remitted in 7 days. Methods: a literature review in MEDLINE (PubMed). The inclusion criteria were for studies on humans over the last 5 years, using the keywords HFMD. Results: we found 925 articles, which were subsequently reduced to 52 documents after applying the inclusion criteria. Maculopapular lesions were found on hands and feet. Conclusions: dentists may have a key role diagnosing the disease. A surveillance system to predict future outbreaks, encourage early diagnosis, put appropriate public health measures in place and research vaccine development is vitally important in order to control the disease

Height cohorts and district of residence in the city of Madrid during the 20th century

OBJECTIVE: in recent decades, an interesting literature has accumulated regarding the biological living standard in Spain at the end of the 19th Century and during the 20th Century. Adult height has been one of the most studied variables, specifically its temporal change at the national and provincial levels, the impact of the Civil War and the subsequent dictatorship, and the differences between urban and rural areas. We want to contribute to this general overview with the presentation of a project about an intra-urban perspective of the city of Madrid. METHODS: We present the stature data of the male population of two Madrid districts, Salamanca and Vallecas, for the period 1936-1986 (year of measurement). RESULTS: In these years, height increased by 5.58 cm, from 166.40 to 171.98 cm, with significant differences observed between both districts as well as a simultaneous decrease of that difference, for those born in 1915 and 1953 from 3.09 to 1.2 cm. The negative effect of the Civil War and the years of autarky are also observed in this urban sample. CONCLUSION: Considering these data together with those available for other demographic and socioeconomic variables, before and after the period studied, we can conclude that the division by districts represents an effective stratification in the biological living standard of the population of the city of Madrid. These results constitute a first intra-urban approximation using height to the debate on inequality and biological living standards in Spain during the 20th Century.Objetivo: en las últimas décadas se ha acumulado una interesante bibliografía sobre los niveles biológicos de vida en España a finales del siglo xix y durante el siglo xx. La talla ha sido una de las variables más estudiadas: su cambio a nivel nacional y provincial, el impacto de la Guerra Civil y de la posterior dictadura y las diferencias entre las áreas urbanas y las rurales. Queremos contribuir a este panorama general con este trabajo, una perspectiva intraurbana de la ciudad de Madrid. Métodos: presentamos el análisis comparativo del cambio temporal en la talla de los madrileños de los distritos de Salamanca y de Vallecas correspondientes al periodo 1936-1986. Resultados: en esos años, la talla total se incrementó en 5,58 cm, pasando de 166,40 a 171,98 cm, aunque se observan diferencias significativas entre ambos distritos; diferencias que se reducen (de 3,09 a 1,2 cm) entre Salamanca y Vallecas para los nacidos en 1915 y 1953, respectivamente. También se observa el efecto negativo de la Guerra Civil y de los años de autarquía. Conclusión: considerando estos primeros datos, junto a los disponibles para otras variables demográficas y socioeconómicas previas y posteriores al periodo estudiado, podemos considerar que la división por distritos representa una estratificación efectiva en los niveles biológicos de vida dentro de la ciudad de Madrid. Estos resultados constituyen una primera aproximación intraurbana con la talla al debate sobre la desigualdad y los niveles de vida en España durante el siglo xxLa publicación de este trabajo ha sido sufragada con fondos del proyecto HAR2016- 76814-C2-2-P del Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (MINECO-FEDER-UE

Isomeric and hybrid ferrocenyl/cyrhetrenylaldimines: a new family of multifunctional compounds

The synthesis and characterization of two novel and isomeric hybrid ferrocenyl/cyrhetrenyl aldimines [(η5-C5H5)Fe{(η5-C5H4)-CHvN-(η5-C5H4)}Re(CO)3] (1) and [(η5-C5H5)Fe{(η5-C5H4)-NvCH-(η5-C5H4)}Re (CO)3] (2) are reported. Their X-ray crystal structures reveal that both adopt the E form. However, molecules of 1 and 2 differ in the relative arrangement of the 'Fe(η5-C5H5)' and 'Re(CO)3' units (anti in 1 and syn in 2). This affects the type of intermolecular interactions, the assembly of the molecules and therefore their crystal architecture. Comparative studies of their electrochemical, spectroscopic and photo-physical properties have allowed us to clarify the effect produced by the location of the organometallic arrays (ferrocenyl or cyrhetrenyl) on electronic delocalization, the proclivity of the metals to undergo oxidation and their emissive properties. Theoretical studies based on Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations on the two compounds have also been carried out in order to rationalize the experimental results and to assign the bands detected in their electronic spectra. The cytotoxic activities of compounds 1 and 2 against human adenocarcinoma cell lines [breast (MCF7 and MDA-MB-231) and colon (HCT-116)] reveal that imine 2 has a greater inhibitory growth effect than 1 and it is ca. 1.8 times more potent than cisplatin in the triple negative MDA-MB 231 and in the cisplatin resistant HCT-116 cell lines. A comparative study of their effect on the normal and non-tumour human skin fibroblast BJ cell lines is also reported

UNA EXPERIENCIA DIDÁCTICA:LA CALIDAD DE VIDA EN LA CIUDAD DE CÁCERES

En muchas ocasiones se ha aludido en la Enseñanza a las experiencias didácticas llevadas a cabo en el entorno más inmediato al alumno, en este caso la ciudad.Es un proyecto que no sólo pretende trasladar las enseñanzas académicas del aula a la calle, sino también traspasar el estricto marco académico y acercar al alumno al reconocimiento, reflexión y evaluación de los problemas de la calidad de vida en las ciudades.Ese es el objetivo primordial de nuestro proyecto: estudiar la calidad de vida en la ciudad de Cáceres desde una óptica científica pero a la vez comprensible por un sector de población entre los quince y los dieciséis años: los alumnos de 2 de BUP del lB. "Norba Caesarina "

Optimization of the ellagic acid synthesis process at the bioreactor level using non-conventional yeasts

Ellagic acid (EA) is a phenolic biomolecule. For its biosynthesis, a source of ellagitannins is required, such as strawberries and yeasts, as precursors of the tannase and β-glucosidase enzymes responsible for hydrolysis of ellagitannins. Two experimental mixture designs were applied., varying the yeast concentration and the number of ellagitannins in the culture medium, evaluating the enzymatic activity and ellagic acid biosynthesis. Aiming to find the optimal compositions of the non-conventional yeasts assessed in the research to biosynthesize ellagic acid feasibly and efficiently using a response surface performing the statistical analysis in the StatGraphics® program for obtaining a higher yield and optimizing the ellagic acid synthesis process, the results indicate that the strains Candida parapsilosis ITM LB33 and Debaryomyces hansenii ISA 1510 have a positive effect on the synthesis of ellagic acid, since as its concentration increases in the mixture the concentration of ellagic acid in the medium also increases; on the other hand, the addition of Candida utilis ITM LB02 causes a negative effect, resulting in the compositions of 0.516876, 0.483124 and 2.58687E-9 respectively, for a treatment under the same conditions, an optimal value of ellagic acid production would be obtained. With an approximate value of 7.33036 mg/mL

Increasing Antioxidant Activity and Protein Digestibility in Phaseolus vulgaris and Avena sativa by Fermentation with the Pleurotus ostreatus Fungus

[EN] The aim of the research was to determine the impact of fermentation with Pleurotus ostreatus on kidney beans, black beans, and oats. The results indicate that the fungus has a positive effect on the substrates when compared to the controls. The antioxidant activity (39.5% on kidney beans and 225% on oats in relation to the controls) and content of total polyphenols (kidney beans three times higher regarding the controls) increased significantly by the presence of the fungus mycelium, even after simulated digestion. There was a significant increase in protein digestibility (from 39.99 to 48.13% in black beans, 44.06 to 69.01% in kidney beans, and 63.25 to 70.01% in oats) and a decrease of antinutrient tannins (from 65.21 to 22.07 mg in black beans, 35.54 to 23.37 in kidney beans, and 55.67 to 28.11 in oats) as well as an increase in the contents of some essential amino acids. Overall, this fermentation treatment with Pleurotus ostreatus improved the nutritional quality of cereals and legumes, making them potential ingredients for the elaboration and/or fortification of foods for human nutrition.We would like to thank Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologa (CONACyT) for financially supporting E.E.-P to obtain her Ph.D. (scholarship 446871).Espinosa Paéz, E.; Alanis-Guzman, MG.; Hernandez Luna, C.; Baez Gonzalez, JG.; Amaya-Guerra, CA.; Andrés Grau, AM. (2017). Increasing Antioxidant Activity and Protein Digestibility in Phaseolus vulgaris and Avena sativa by Fermentation with the Pleurotus ostreatus Fungus. Molecules. 22(12):1-11. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22122275S1112212Betoret, E., Betoret, N., Vidal, D., & Fito, P. (2011). Functional foods development: Trends and technologies. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 22(9), 498-508. doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2011.05.004Xu, B. J., Yuan, S. H., & Chang, S. K. C. (2007). Comparative Analyses of Phenolic Composition, Antioxidant Capacity, and Color of Cool Season Legumes and Other Selected Food Legumes. Journal of Food Science, 72(2), S167-S177. doi:10.1111/j.1750-3841.2006.00261.xLuo, Y.-W., & Xie, W.-H. (2013). Effect of different processing methods on certain antinutritional factors and protein digestibility in green and white faba bean (Vicia fabaL.). CyTA - Journal of Food, 11(1), 43-49. doi:10.1080/19476337.2012.681705Sánchez, C. (2009). Cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus and other edible mushrooms. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 85(5), 1321-1337. doi:10.1007/s00253-009-2343-7Taofiq, O., Heleno, S., Calhelha, R., Alves, M., Barros, L., Barreiro, M., … Ferreira, I. (2016). Development of Mushroom-Based Cosmeceutical Formulations with Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Tyrosinase, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Properties. Molecules, 21(10), 1372. doi:10.3390/molecules21101372Jayakumar, T., Thomas, P. A., & Geraldine, P. (2009). In-vitro antioxidant activities of an ethanolic extract of the oyster mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, 10(2), 228-234. doi:10.1016/j.ifset.2008.07.002Vega, A., & Franco, H. (2013). Productividad y calidad de los cuerpos fructíferos de los hongos comestibles Pleurotus pulmonarius RN2 y P. djamor RN81 y RN82 cultivados sobre sustratos lignocelulósicos. Información tecnológica, 24(1), 69-78. doi:10.4067/s0718-07642013000100009Raya-Pérez, J. C., Gutiérrez-Benicio, G. M., Ramírez-Pimentel, J. G., Covarrubias-Prieto, J., & Aguirre-Mancilla, C. L. (2014). Caracterización de proteínas y contenido mineral de dos variedades nativas de frijol de México. Agronomía Mesoamericana, 25(1), 1. doi:10.15517/am.v25i1.14185Deshpande, S. S., Sathe, S. K., & Salunkhe, D. K. (1984). Interrelationships between certain physical and chemical properties of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). 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Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 42(3), 391-404. doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.10.014Vergara-Domínguez, H., Gandul-Rojas, B., & Roca, M. (2011). Formation of oxidised chlorophyll catabolites in olives. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 24(6), 851-857. doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2011.02.003Granito, M., Paolini, M., & Pérez, S. (2008). Polyphenols and antioxidant capacity of Phaseolus vulgaris stored under extreme conditions and processed. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 41(6), 994-999. doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2007.07.014Giardina, P., Palmieri, G., Fontanella, B., Rivieccio, V., & Sannia, G. (2000). Manganese Peroxidase Isoenzymes Produced by Pleurotus ostreatus Grown on Wood Sawdust. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 376(1), 171-179. doi:10.1006/abbi.1999.1691Cardador-Martínez, A., Loarca-Piña, G., & Oomah, B. D. (2002). Antioxidant Activity in Common Beans (Phaseolus vulgarisL.)§. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50(24), 6975-6980. doi:10.1021/jf020296nPeterson, D. M. 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Mycelial growth evaluation of Pleurotus ostreatus and Agrocybe aegerita on pear pomaces. Anales de Biología, (37). doi:10.6018/analesbio.37.1Hernández-Luna, C. E., Gutiérrez-Soto, G., & Salcedo-Martínez, S. M. (2007). Screening for decolorizing basidiomycetes in Mexico. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 24(4), 465-473. doi:10.1007/s11274-007-9495-3Gan, R.-Y., Li, H.-B., Gunaratne, A., Sui, Z.-Q., & Corke, H. (2017). Effects of Fermented Edible Seeds and Their Products on Human Health: Bioactive Components and Bioactivities. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 16(3), 489-531. doi:10.1111/1541-4337.12257Hu, J., & Duvnjak, Z. (2004). Production of a Laccase and Decrease of the Phenolic Content in Canola Meal during the Growth of the FungusPleurotus ostreatus in Solid State Fermentation Processes. Engineering in Life Sciences, 4(1), 50-55. doi:10.1002/elsc.200400005Lamothe, S., Corbeil, M.-M., Turgeon, S. L., & Britten, M. (2012). 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A novel type of organometallic 2-R-2,4-dihydro- 1H-3,1-benzoxazine with R = [M(η5-C5H4)(CO)3] (M = Re or Mn) units. Experimental and computational studies of the effect of substituent R on ring-chain tautomerism

The syntheses, characterization, X-ray crystal structures, electrochemical properties and anticancer and 35 antichagasic activities of the first examples of 2-substituted 2,4-dihydro-1H-3,1-benzoxazines with 36 halfsandwich organometallic arrays, [M(η5-C5H4)(CO)3] (M = Re or Mn), at position-2 are described. 37 Experimental and computational studies based on DFT calculations on the open forms [Schiff bases of 38 general formulae R-CHvN-C6H4-2-CH2OH] (5), with R = ferrocenyl (a), phenyl (b), cyrhetrenyl (c) or 39 cymantrenyl (d), and their tautomeric forms (2-substituted 2,4-dihydro-1H-3,1 benzoxazines) 40 haveallowed us to establish the influence of substituents a-d and solvents on: (a) the extent of 41 tautomeric equilibria (5a-5d) ↔ (6a-6d) and (b) their electrochemical properties and the electronic 42 distribution on the open and closed forms. Despite the formal similarity between 6c and 6d, their 43 anticancer and antiparasitic activities are markedly different. Compound 6d is inactive in the HCT116, 44 MDA-MB231 and MCF7 cancer cell lines, but 6c shows moderate activity in the latter cell line, while 45 the Mn(I) complex (6d) is a more potent anti-Trypanosoma cruzi agent than its Re(I) analogue (6c)

Antibiotic resistance genes in phage particles isolated from human feces and induced from clinical bacterial isolates

Phage particles have emerged as elements with the potential to mobilize antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in different environments, including the intestinal habitat. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of ARGs in phage particles present in fecal matter and induced from strains isolated from feces. Nine ARGs (blaTEM, blaCTX-M-1-group, blaCTX-M-9-group, blaOXA-48, qnrA, qnrS, mecA, sul1 and armA) were quantified by qPCR in the phage DNA fractions of 150 fecal samples obtained from healthy individuals. These subjects had not received antibiotic treatment or travelled abroad in the three months prior to the sample collection. On the suspicion that the detected particles originated from bacterial flora, 82 Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates possessing at least one identified ARG (blaTEM, blaCTX-M-1-group, blaCTX-M-9-group, armA, qnrA, qnrS, and sul1) were isolated and their capacity to produce phage particles carrying these ARGs after induction was evaluated. Seventy-two percent of samples were positive for at least one ARG, with blaTEM and blaCTX-M-9-group being the most prevalent and abundant. Fifty-one isolates (62%) showed an increase in the number of copies of the respective ARG in the phage fraction after induction, with blaTEM, blaCTX-M-1-group, blaCTX-M-9-group and sul1 being the most abundant. Phages induced from the isolates were further purified and visualized using microscopy and their DNA showed ARG levels of up to 10(10) gene copies/ml. This study highlights the abundance of phage particles harboring ARGs and indicates that bacterial strains in the intestinal habitat could be sources of these particles

Two-year clinical outcome from the Iberian registry patients after left atrial appendage closure

AIMS: The aim of this study was to observe the percentage of thromboembolic and haemorrhagic events over a 2-year follow-up in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) undergoing closure of the left atrial appendage (LAA) with an occlusion device. Observed events and CHADS2 (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age, diabetes, stroke history), CHA2DS2-VASc (also adding: vascular disease and sex) and HAS-BLED (hypertension, abnormal liver/renal function, stroke history, bleeding predisposition, labile international normalised ratios, elderly, drugs/alcohol use)-predicted events were compared. METHODS: LAA closure with an occlusion device was performed in 167 NVAF patients contraindicated for oral anticoagulants and recruited from 12 hospitals between 2009 and 2013. At least two transoesophageal echocardiograms were performed in the first 6 months postimplantation. Antithrombotics included clopidogrel and aspirin. Patients were monitored for death, stroke, major and relevant bleeding and hospitalisation for concomitant conditions. Mean age was 74.68±8.58, median follow-up was 24 months, 5.38% had intraoperative complications and implantation was successful in 94.6% of subjects. Mortality during follow-up was 10.8%, mostly (9.5%) non-cardiac related. Bleeding occurred in 10.1% of subjects, 5.7% major and 4.4% minor though relevant, and 4.4% suffered stroke. Major bleeding and stroke/transient ischaemic attack events within 2 years (annual event rates, 290 patients/year) were less frequent than expected from CHADS2 (2.4% vs 9.6%), CHA2DS2-VASc (2.4% vs 8.3%) and HAS-BLED (3.1% vs 6.6%) risk scores (p<0.001, p=0.003, p=0.047, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: LAA closure with an occlusion device in patients contraindicated for oral anticoagulants is a therapeutic option associated with fewer thromboembolic and haemorrhagic events than expected from risk scores, particularly in the second year postimplantation